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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>CHARACTERISTICS OF TRUCK TRAFFIC IN SINGAPORE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/469662</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the results of a project conducted to study the characteristics of truck traffic in Singapore.  Detailed traffic surveys recording counts of vehicles by axle-configuration were performed at 219 sites over a period of nearly two years.  The surveys covered 5 different road classes, namely expressways, arterials, collectors, industrial roads, and local roads.  It was found that the time distribution of truck travel was not the same among the five classes.  The peaking characteristics of truck traffic were less pronounced compared to passenger car traffic.  The peak hour truck volume varied from 67.0% to 9.7% of the daily truck traffic as compared to 13.8% for passenger car traffic.  The lane distribution pattern of truck traffic was studied in detail by road class, and was found to be a function of total directional traffic volume, total directional truck volume and the number of traffic lanes. Composition analysis was also carried out to study the lane use characteristics of single- and multiple-unit trucks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/469662</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>GPS WITH AN ATTITUDE: A METHOD FOR COLLECTING ROADWAY GRADE AND SUPERELEVATION DATA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/464996</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the application of using a specialized Global Positioning System (GPS) unit to conduct high speed surveys of roadway alignment, grade and cross-slope characteristics.  The system uses a single GPS receiver that has 24 channels capable of monitoring four separate antennas (six channels each).  Accurate grades, superelevation, and crown measurements are possible without differentially correcting the GPS data.  However, to gather precise positional data that correspond to the roadway measurements, differential correction is required.  This paper addresses the design and use of the attitude GPS unit.  Accuracy specifications for static testing are provided along with techniques to maximize this accuracy. Kinematic data collection is depicted for a local road and a freeway off-ramp.  The use of digital terrain model technology provides promising graphic database representation of the roadway characteristics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/464996</guid>
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      <title>EFFECTIVENESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ROAD DUST SUPPRESSANTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/448612</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report describes a research project conducted at Colorado State University to evaluate the effectiveness and environmental impact of road dust suppressants.  The objectives of the study were to 1) develop a device that would provide a standard, quantitative and precise method of measuring dust from unpaved road surface, 2) evaluate the relative effectiveness of the different dust suppressants in common use, and 3) assess the environmental impact in terms of possible water quality effects resulting from the use of the different dust suppressants.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Dec 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/448612</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF VEHICLE TYPE AND TIRE PRESSURE ON DRY-WEATHER ROAD MAINTENANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/426087</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1993 a structured test was conducted to measure the effects of different vehicle types on road maintenance for operation in a dry climate.  Three different vehicle types were compared: high-tire-pressure logging truck, low-tire-pressure logging truck (both were 18-wheel, western U.S.-style logging trucks), and a mix of light, two-axle vehicles.  The test track consisted of four different sections and three individual lanes. Comparisons were made for roadway roughness (washboarding, potholing), material loss, and rutting.  Results are presented indicating that grade and alignment have substantial impacts on road maintenance ratios between light and heavy vehicles operating under dry conditions.  Maintenance ratios between light and heavy vehicles are on the order of five to one for the dry operationg conditions experienced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Jun 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/426087</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>"CONTROLLED LOW-STRENGTH MATERIAL" TURNS OLD BRIDGES TO ROADWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/415690</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Controlled low-strength material is being used to backfill the area underneath bridges to bring the area up to grade.  Following a method pioneered by the Iowa Department of Transportation, the Colorado Department of Transportation is using the technique to replace abandoned bridges in rural and urban areas around the state.  Workers backfill the bridges with the cement-based material, and when completed, it appears as if there was never any bridge at all.  Because of right-of-ways necessary to reconstruct bridges, turning bridges into roadways is a viable alternative with a significant cost savings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 26 Mar 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/415690</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF ROAD DESIGN ON FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE OF A TYPICAL MOTOR TRUCK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/91098</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF SPEED, ROAD GRADIENT, SURFACE TYPE, CURVATURE, AND SPEED VARIATION ON FUEL CONSUMPTION OF A TYPICAL DELIVERY TRUCK HAVING A GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT OF 16,400 LB WAS INVESTIGATED. CARE WAS TAKEN TO AVOID DISTORTION OF RESULTS DUE TO VARIATIONS IN AIR TEMPERATURE, DRIVER OPERATING HABITS, AND WIND CONDITIONS. THE PHOTOELECTRONIC FUELMETER DEVELOPED AT CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY WAS USED FOR FUEL MEASUREMENTS. EIGHT TABLES WITH INFORMATION ON TRUCK FUEL CONSUMPTION RATES AS RELATED TO A PARTICULAR HIGHWAY FACTORS WERE PRESENTED. OPTIMUM TRUCK FUEL CONSUMPTION WAS FOUND TO BE OBTAINED FOR A SPEED OF 14 MPH ON A LEVEL STRAIGHT HIGH-TYPE SURFACE /0.0786 GAL MI/. ROAD GRADIENT WAS SHOWN TO BE AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN DETERMINING FUEL CONSUMPTION RATES. TRUCK FUEL CONSUMPTION ON A 10% GRADE AT 14 MPH, FOR EXAMPLE, WAS 0.4872 GAL/MI AS COMPARED TO 0.0786 GAL-MI ON LEVEL ROUTES AT THIS SPEED. TABLES DEVELOPED MAY BE USED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS ON TRUCK OPERATING COSTS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Dec 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/91098</guid>
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      <title>HIGHEST COURT OF MICHIGAN RULES OWNERS MUST BE COMPENSATED FOR DAMAGES TO THEIR PROPERTY CAUSED BY CHANGE IN GRADE OF A HIGHWAY WITHIN EXISTING RIGHT-OF-WAY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/128440</link>
      <description><![CDATA[AN OWNER'S LAND FRONTED ON HIGHWAY M 53 AND HAS A U- SHAPED DRIVEWAY WHICH INTERSECTED THAT HIGHWAY. AFTER IMPROVEMENT CONSTRUCTION THE GRADE IN FRONT OF THE HOME PROPERTY WAS FROM 8 TO 10 FEET HIGHER. THE STATE AGREED THAT IT WOULD BE DANGEROUS TO GO INTO THE HIGHWAY FROM THE DRIVEWAY. THE TRIAL COURT RULED THAT THE OWNER WAS NOT ENTITLED TO COMPENSATION BECAUSE THE CHANGE HAD BEEN MADE WITHIN THE EXISTING HIGHWAY AND THAT THE STATE WAS IMMUNE FROM LIABILITY FOR ACTS COMMITTED IN PERFORMANCE OF A GOVERNMENTAL FUNCTION. AN APPEAL WAS MADE TO THE SUPREME COURT. THE LATTER COURT STATED THERE NEED NOT BE A PHYSICAL INVASION OF PROPERTY TO CONSTITUTE A TAKING AND THAT AN ABUTTING OWNER HAD AN INDEFEASIBLE RIGHT TO REASONABLE ACCESS. THEREFORE, WHEN THE STATE INJURED THE RIGHT OF ACCESS, IT INJURED A PROPERTY INTEREST FOR WHICH JUST COMPENSATION WAS CONSTITUTIONALLY REQUIRED. THE COURT ALSO RULED THAT TO PERMIT THE DEFENSE OF IMMUNITY WOULD VITIATE THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION FOR JUST COMPENSATION SINCE THE OWNER WOULD BE LEFT WITHOUT JUDICIAL RECOURSE. THE CASE WAS REMANDED FOR A DETERMINATION OF DAMAGES. (THOM V. STATE 138 N.W. 2D 322, DEC 1965)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 10 Feb 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/128440</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFLUENCE OF TRAFFIC DIRECTING AND CONTROLLING MEASURES ON NOISE EMISSION OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND CONCERNED PEOPLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/351201</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Within the reported project three particular tasks have been investigated.  The first task is related to noise investigation at roads outside and trunk roads with speed limitation at 50 to 100 km/h.  The aim was to find the possible noise reduction of traffic flows due to speed reductions, and to specify the additional parameters influencing the amount of noise reduction.  The results show clearly that reduction of speeds above 50 km/h constitute a proper means to reduce the noise impact if the percentage of lorries is small.  The second problem is related to noise investigations at sections of motorways.  This noise investigations had to show whether the speed limitation at 100 km/h results in a lower noise impact compared to the situation before, with 130 km/h recommended speed.  The answer was no, because the average private car speeds with speed limitation at 100 km/h were just 10 % lower than with 130 km/h speed recommendation.  The third part had to show in what extent the noise impact (mean sound level value) near roads is affected by the gradient of the road. Measurements of noise and speed similar to those done for the roads outside towns and cities, as the influence of gradient cannot be sufficiently isolated during field measurements, it has been determined by means of complementary calculation of the rolling resistence.  The result shows a combined influence of maximum permitted speed, lorry percentage and road gradient, where the mean sound level for pure private car traffic beyond maximum permitted speed of 70 km/h even decreases with increasing road gradients.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 May 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/351201</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DIRECTION LASER ON A ROAD GRADER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/183663</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Laser and conventional equipment for boning have been compared at receiving and planning of pavement materials. The lasers in the test did not withstand the vibrations that arose.  The capacities of both methods were comparable, but the laser method was about ten per cent cheaper.  The quality of the work was equivalent for both methods.  Tests with equipment based on common light instead of laser is planned to be carried out in autumn 1981.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Feb 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/183663</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HIGHWAY-RELATED TRAFFIC ACCIDENT STUDY ON THE LAGUNA AND ACOMA INDIAN RESERVATION VALENCIA COUNTY, NEW MEXICO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/174484</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the results of an extensive study of highway-related accidents reported on the Laguna and Acoma Indian reservations in Valencia County, New Mexico between July 1977 and December 1979.  The study was conducted to compare traffic accidents on the reservations with other traffic accidents in Valencia County.  The study analyzed traffic accident experience with respect to selected crash characteristics, including road character, road condition, road defects, road surface, road grade, lighting, weather, reporting agency, and accident classification.  The findings of the study indicate that the characteristics of traffic accidents on the Laguna and Acoma Indian reservations differ significantly from those on other highways in Valencia County.  The research also found that accident severity was dependent on road surface, character, lighting, classification, and grade, while it was independent on road defects, condition, and weather.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/174484</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF ROAD SURFACE TEXTURE ON TRAFFIC NOISE EMISSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/86356</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The development of road surfaces to give good skid resistance at high speeds has led, in certain cases, to high levels of vehicle noise.  This paper discusses the relations between the frictional properties of road surfaces and the consequential noise emanating from the surface.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 26 May 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/86356</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FREEWAY DESIGN AND CONTROL STRATEGIES AS AFFECTED BY TRUCKS AND TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. VOLUME 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/29679</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A detailed simulation of multilane highway flows on grades was developed. Using data collected on mountain grades, the simulation is improved and further validated. The simulation model is applied to flows of mixed commercial and passenger vehicles on grades and level terrain. The results are codified and presented as design guides for two and three lanes (one-way) upgrade roadways. This is one of two volumes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Nov 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/29679</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FREEWAY DESIGN AND CONTROL STRATEGIES AS AFFECTED BY TRUCKS AND TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. VOLUME I. TECHNICAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/29677</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A detailed simulation of multilane highway flows on grades was developed. Using data collected on mountain grades, the simulation is improved and further validated. The simulation model is applied to flows of mixed commercial and passenger vehicles on grades and level terrain. The results are codified and presented as design guides for two and three lanes (one-way) upgrade roadways. This is one of two volumes and contains a description of the simulation model, all the validation results, all the field data collected for validation, and the complete set of design guides.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Nov 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/29677</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HELPING PEDESTRIANS IN URBAN AREAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42785</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In both old and new quarters of the town there are many dangerous conflict situations for pedestrians and particularly for children. Recent investigations in recent and spacious residential quarters in delft show that some 13% of all children to be found outside are to be found on the streets - some crossing, most of them playing. It is not surprising that over 80% of all fatal accidents involving children take place in the immediate vicinity of their homes. Normal traffic behaviour implies a statistical certainty that there will be fatal accidents. However, in all dangerous areas in old and new quarters of the town it is not desirable to segregate pedestrians and motorized traffic completely. Such solutions not only cause difficulties for traffic related to the residential area, but are impossible for older areas of the town which are not merely residential. Therefore a solution must be found to help pedestrian safety and improve possibilities for children to play in the immediate vicinity. A major part of such a solution would be a complete reversal of the existing traffic rules and - at the same time - a new design and layout for all roads.  /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42785</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ROADS AND TRAFFIC SAFETY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/41953</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This brochure looks at some aspects of the relation between roads and traffic accidents in Australia. Some road accident statistics for 1973 are considered and road features such as curves and grades, road widths and surface and roadside objects are discussed. A brief mention of traffic control and guidance is made. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/41953</guid>
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