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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. PROBLEMS OF INTERFERENCE WITH INFORMATION SYSTEM INSTALLATIONS. INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE DISADVANTAGES AS REGARDS THE ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY OF POWER AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS INSTALLATIONS. FINAL REPORT--PART III</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15604</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report forms part of a comprehensive investigation into the problem of the "Application of thyristors in railway technology" which involved extensive tests which are described in a total of 26 ORE reports and 11 Technical Documents.  This present report deals with the disadvantages as regards the electromagnetic compatibility of power and telecommunications installations due to the application of thyristors on the Railways.  The two other parts of the final report deal with a "technical and economic assessment of the possibilities offered to the user by thyristors" (RP 23) and with the "disadvantages as regards power consumption" (RP 24).  The fourth part of the final report (RP 26) will make an overall survey of the whole problem.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15604</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. PART II--POWER TECHNOLOGY PROBLEMS. STUDY OF ADVERSE REACTIONS IN THE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15585</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The disadvantages of the application of thyristors in respect of power systems are investigated in the present report.  These disadvantages arise from undesirable effects in the traction current circuit and the power supply network as well as the loads connected to it.  Both d.c. as well as a.c. traction systems are considered.  The most important sources of interference are thyristor locomotives, but harmonics can be generated also in sub-stations with static converters.  With a.c. traction the increased harmonics content in the current and the larger phase angle between current and voltage lead to a reduction of the power factor. As a result, the current increases accompanied by a voltage drop in the circuits, while the effective power remains unchanged, and the d.c. and eddy current losses are higher. The increased harmonics can also produce oscillations in the traction current circuit and the public power supply network.  To obtain adequate electro-magnetic compatibility between the sources of the disturbance and the objects affected a number of measures can be taken (e.g. installation of filters, tuned circuits, introduction of active filters, careful termination of circuit ends, etc.). The decision on which of the measures should be used depends largely on the type of traction used and must be made from case to case taking into account cost-benefit considerations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15585</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. PART IV--FINAL CONSIDERATIONS. COMPARISON OF ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15586</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present report gives an overall assessment of the problem area and describes the advantages and disadvantages arising therefrom.  Furthermore, a brief description is given of the possible measures to obtain adequate electromagnetic compatibility and recommendations are made as regards future work.  The different thyristor used on traction vehicles are compared with conventional tractive vehicle electrics as to their advantages in various aspects in two tables, one each for a.c. traction and d.c. traction. Many references to other documents published by the Committee are given in the text and the tables, where the corresponding problems were dealt with in greater detail. The Appendix to this report is a draft for a UIC leaflet about "measures for the prevention of interference with signal engineering installations."]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15586</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. INVESTIGATIONS ON A.C. MOTIVE POWER UNITS WITH SEVERAL THYRISTOR CIRCUITS (TESTS AND RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THE BLS-LOCOMOTIVE RE4/4 NO. 161)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14797</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report concerns the tests undertaken with the BLS-Locomotive Re 4/4 161 fitted with several thyristor circuits.  The object of the tests was to clarify the changes in the power factor and the harmonic wave content - the latter in view of its effects on signalling and telecommunication installations - resulting from the increased number of inverter steps and the limitation of the firing angle of the thyristor bridges to 35 degrees.  The tests conducted have shown that in the case of thyristor-controlled motive power units, a multi-step control of the voltage regulation leads to a reduction of the harmonics of the line current and to an improvement in the power factor during acceleration and running below full power.  The limitation of the firing angle of the thyristor bridges of 35 degrees, considered in its entirety, does not bring any advantages however.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14797</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. TESTS WITH A STATIC FREQUENCY CONVERTER FOR 50-16 2/3 HZ</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14798</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Swedish State Railways (SJ) have conducted several comparative measurements on the Moholm - Skovde line, using a prototype of a static frequency converter (power 6 MVA) During the tests the equivalent disturbing currents and the weighted longitudinal e.m.f. induced in telecommunication circuits were measured; for these tests, the test line was fed through the static converter or through rotary converters.  When the feeding took place through the static converter, the levels of the disturbing current in the overhead contact system and the induced weighted longitudinal e.m.f. were raised.  However, a lowering of the levels measured may be expected, after the filter for the static converter has been modified.  On the three-phase side there are no adverse effects, as long as the power of the static converter is very small in comparison with the short-circuit power of the high voltage network.  The SJ have ordered, for two sub-stations, two static converters each with a power of 15 MVA each.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14798</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBILITIES OBTAINABLE WITH THYRISTORS FROM THE USER'S VIEWPOINT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15529</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This section of the final report forms a part of a comprehensive study of the problems involved in "the use of thyristors on the railways" based on many tests, the results of which were published in 26 ORE reports and Technical Documents.  DT 31, 39, 40, 53, 56, 64, 72, 73, 91, 92, 93. This report contains a technical and economic assessment of the possibilities obtainable with thyristors from the viewpoint of the user.  The problems associated with the reactions and interference produced in certain components will be reported in two further sections of the final report.  An overall assessment of the whole problem will be the subject of a concluding fourth section of the final report.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 May 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15529</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. STUDY OF INTERFERENCE IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS LINES INCLUDING DATA TRANSMISSION WITH AC TRACTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15427</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Purpose: designed tests have been carried out in order to better understand the interference phenomena between overhead line and telecommunications line.  These tests have shown the following situation: 1. The interference current does not necessarily constitute a criterion for the psophometric voltage in the telecommunication line since the coupling admittance of the interference medium as a function of frequency is not constant.  2. The resonance in the overhead line at and near the resonant frequency strongly reduces the coupling admittance of the interference medium os that these frequency components substantially govern the psophometric voltage.  And 3. The peak value of the transverse voltage, and thus the error rate in data transmission, does not, like the psophometric voltage, increase proportionally with the length of exposure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Feb 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15427</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. THYRISTOR CHOPPER CONTROL AND HARMONIC CURRENT IN TRACTION SUPPLY SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report gives a theoretical study of the factors which determine the magnitude and frequency of a.c. current in the power rails for various conditions of d.c. chopper operation.  The a.c. is produced by supply voltage ripple and d.c. chopper system harmonics, comparison tests having shown that in normal working the effect of voltage ripple outweighs chopper effects.  The report also discusses the application of multi-phase choppers for the purpose of reducing the size of the input filter.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15382</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. EFFECT OF THYRISTOR CONTROLLED MOTIVE POWER UNITS ON 25 KV, 50 HZ POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATIONS OF CSD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15383</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Measurements carried out by CSD of the current spectrum of an electric motive power unit, series SM 488.0, determination of the statistical current spectrum on the primary and secondary power supply lines of a railway sub-station with different load current values and measurement of the influence of capacitors installed at the railway sub-station on the harmonics spectrum were intended to provide a closer definition of the influence of the application of thyristor controlled motive power units on the power supply system for electric traction on CSD.  It was found that the current spectrum of the motive power unit SM 488.0 generated by thyristor phase control of the bridges showed no abnormal influence of the individual harmonics. With uniquely defined electrical conditions (circular test track), attenuation of current harmonics up to 750 Hz by the power transformer at the sub-station did not exceed the 15% limit.  At higher frequencies resonance phenomena were observed.  An outline of the probable composition of harmonics in the current supplied by the sub-station to the section, on which the motive power vehicles were running under normal operating conditions, was obtained for the load current range.  Installation of a capacitor at the sub-station causes the resonant frequency to fall.  The frequency of this resonance effect does not depend on the location of the motive power unit in the supply section.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15383</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. STUDIES OF A.C. THYRISTOR LOCOMOTIVES FOR 15 KV 16 2/3 CYCLES AND THE EFFECT ON 100 HZ TRACK-CIRCUIT INSTALLATIONS (TESTS WITH OBB LOCOMOTIVE 1043)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14835</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Austrian Railways have carried out extensive tests with 1043 class locomotives and ascertained the effect of a defect in the firing angle on the operating safety of track circuits working at 100 Hz.  This report describes the measures which have been taken (a) on the locomotive and (b) on three different types of track-circuit installations to ensure that operation is not affected as a result of the running of thyristor locomotives either with single or double heading of trains.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Dec 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14835</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. INVESTIGATION OF TRACTIVE UNITS EQUIPPED WITH CHOPPERS--TEST WITH SEVERAL RAILCARS ON THE 3 KV D.C. SYSTEM OF THE SNCB</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14837</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report contains the account of various measurements carried out by the SNCB with one and also with several coupled chopper-equipped railcars in service to determine the repercussions on various equipment of permanent installations.  Evaluation of the tests has shown that, taking into account the conditions encountered on the system of the SNCB, the operation of chopper-equipped railcars does not give rise to unacceptable interference in signalling circuits. Furthermore, it does not appear that telephone and data transmission circuits are significantly affected by these units, in comparison with conventional units.  The report also includes a theoretical study for calculating the amplitude of the most important harmonics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Dec 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14837</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. PROGRESS OF WORK AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS RELATING TO INTERFERENCE FROM THYRISTOR CONTROL SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14910</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report gives a brief account, referring to each individual point of the working programme, of the current state of work concerning the use of thyristors in railway engineering and the influence factors so far discovered and investigated, including the effect on information transmission installations.  So far as possible, conclusions of general validity are given based on the results outlined in reports A 122/RP 14 which, however, relate to conditions on individual railway administrations. For more detailed information, attention is drawn to the summary in the appendix of the reports compiled by the Committee and other publications generally available.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14910</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. INVESTIGATION OF INTERFERENCE IN TRACK CIRCUITS FROM STATIC CONVERTERS USED FOR ELECTRIC PASSENGER TRAIN HEATING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14911</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present report gives an account of tests made by the German Federal Railways (DB) on the Jugoslav Railways (JZ) route system with the object of investigating whether static converters for 1000 V, 16-2/3 Hz heating supply systems cause interference in track circuits.  Measurements were obtained with 6 different single-rail insulated track circuits (a.c. and d.c.) under different earthed rail conditions.  In every case and even under the most adverse conditions, which would in practice only rarely be met, misfunctioning of track circuits did not occur.  Under certain circumstances described in more detail in the report it may become necessary to use a fundamental frequency of 22 Hz (A) instead of 16-2/3 Hz.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14911</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY: CONSEQUENCES AND REMEDIES. TESTS WITH A SERIES 420 16-2/3 HZ A.C. TRAINSET EQUIPPED WITH DIFFERENT ASYMMETRIC THYRISTOR BRIDGES WITH CONTROLLED WAVE TURN-OFF</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14915</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present report gives an account of tests with the trainset 420 075 of the German Federal Railways which was equipped with three different types of thyristor gate pulse and wave turn-off control.  The object of the tests was to determine by how much it is possible to improve the power factor by wave gate firing and turn-off control and to measure the harmonics spectrum and frequency weighted interference current generated by this system.  From the results it may be concluded that the reactive and r.m.s. kVA can be reduced at the cost of more electronic equipment by gate firing and turn-off control, resulting in an improvement of the power factor.  The effect on the harmonics and the frequency weighted interference current differs depending on the circuit design and the interference current increases in some cases.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14915</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRILINGUAL GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED TECHNICAL TERMS AND DEFINIITONS OF TERMS CONNECTED WITH THE USE OF THYRISTORS IN RAILWAY TECHNOLOGY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15348</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15348</guid>
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