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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Single-Channel Voice-Response-System Program Documentation. Volume II: Program-Design Modules</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1602495</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report documents the design and implementation of a Voice Response System (VRS) using Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) voice coding. Implemented on a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11/20, this VRS system supports a single audio output channel. Vocabulary size is limited to 900 words or phrases. Input to the system consists of text messages or sentences in ASCII format transmitted to the 11/20 through a 300-baud asynchronous interface. A preliminary design for a VRS for 10 channels is reported. This is the second of three volumes. Volume I is a system description, and Volume III is a user's guide.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 May 2019 18:40:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1602495</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Visual Aids to Navigation with PWM Flicker Light</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1445199</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Japan Coast Guard has studied on flickering flashlight for the conspicuous Visual Aids to Navigation. This paper describes about “PWM flicker light”, which is combined flickering effect with the conventional IALA flashing light by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The authors compare PWM flicker light with conventional flashing light. The results show that PWM flicker light is more clearly visible than conventional flashing light. The authors also investigate the relationship between the conspicuity of PWM flicker light with its parameters (flickering frequency and duty ratio). The results show that flickering light with low frequency and duty ratio is remarkably conspicuous. Furthermore, the authors discuss the practical parameters of PWM flicker light for applying it to the Visual Aids to Navigation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Apr 2017 09:25:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1445199</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>79GHz high resolution and wide scanning radar system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1320777</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors have developed an advanced millimeter-wave radar sensor prototype that could provide the range-resolution of 20cm and the direction of arrival (DOA) resolution of 5-degrees to enable detection of pedestrians in the presence of vehicles around a wide area such as intersections. The detection performance is 40-meters maximum range and 110-degrees azimuth within 100-milliseconds processing cycle. This sensor is realized by key technologies of “Tx/Rx adaptive array antenna” and “the advanced coded sequences pulse modulation”. This paper describes the specification and basic performance of the prototype.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2014 10:47:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1320777</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>COMMUNICATIONS FOR HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/642653</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is an account of investigations and analyses undertaken for the Office of High Speed Ground Transportation (OHSGT), beginning in July of 1970, which relate to communications systems for high speed ground vehicles.  The authorized scope of the effort was at the rate of one man-year. The first task undertaken was a survey of work carried out by OHSGT contractors and others since 1968.  Subsequently, specific aspects of the problem were explored in greater detail, and reports were prepared on the following:  (a) Mechanical Properties of Long Rigid Lines (Section 2); (b) Electromagnetic Properties of Surface Wave Couplers (Section 3); (c) Electromagnetic Properties of Bends in Surface Wave Lines (Section 4); (d) Propagation Properties of a Trench Line (Section 5); and (e) Pulse Code Modulation for Long Line Communications (Section 6).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/642653</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SINGLE-CHANNEL VOICE-RESPONSE-SYSTEM PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION. VOLUME III. USER'S GUIDE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69729</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report documents the design and implementation of a Voice Response System (VRS) using Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) voice coding. Implemented on a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11/20, this VRS system supports a single audio output channel. Vocabulary size is limited to 900 words or phrases. Input to the system consists of text messages or sentences in ASCII format transmitted to the 11/20 through a 300-baud asynchronous interface. A preliminary design for a VRS for 10 channels is reported.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 May 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69729</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SINGLE-CHANNEL VOICE-RESPONSE-SYSTEM PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION. VOLUME I. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69735</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report documents the design and implementation of a Voice Response System (VRS) using Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) voice coding. Implemented on a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11/20,R this VRS system supports a single audio-output channel. Vocabulary size is limited to 900 words or phrases. Input to the system consists of text messages or sentences in ASCII format transmitted to the 11/20 through a 300-baud asynchronous interface. A preliminary design for a VRS for 10 channels is reported.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 May 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69735</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SERAPHIM: A PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY FOR FAST TRAINS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/458627</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Segmented Rail Phased Induction Motor (SERAPHIM) is a compact, pulsed linear induction motor (LIM) offering a unique capability for very high speed train propulsion.  It uses technology developed for the Sandia coil gun, an electromagnetic launcher designed to accelerate projectiles to several kilometers per second.  Both aluminum cylinders and plates were accelerated to a kilometer per second (Mach 3) by passing through a sequence of coils which were energized at the appropriate time.  Although this technology was developed for ultra-high velocity, it can be readily adapted to train propulsion for which, at sea level, the power required to overcome air resistance limits the operational speed to a more modest 300 mph.  This paper will present results of proof-of-principle tests, electromagnetic computer simulations, and systems analysis.  It is concluded that this new linear induction motor can be implemented using existing technology and is a promising alternative propulsion method for very high speed rail transportation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Apr 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/458627</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MEANS OF LOCATING DISABLED OR STOPPED VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/116648</link>
      <description><![CDATA[AN INFRARED DISABLED-VEHICLE DETECTION SYSTEM IS DEMONSTRATED AS TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE. THE SYSTEM OPERATES RELIABLY TO A RANGE OF 750 FT AND COVERS A FIELD 60-FT WIDE WHICH WOULD ENSURE ADEQUATE COVERAGE OF THREE LANES PLUS THE SHOULDER OF A ROAD. THE SYSTEM OPERATES WITH PULSED SIGNALS. THEREFORE, PULSE CODING TECHNIQUES MAY BE EMPLOYED TO TRANSMIT A VARIETY OF DISCRETE MESSAGES. THIS CAPABILITY COULD EXTEND UTILIZATION OF THE SYSTEM TO USES OTHER THAN JUST DETECTING DISABLED VEHICLES. THE SOLID-STATE INFRARED DEVICES USED IN THE EQUIPMENT ARE RELATIVELY NEW DEVELOPMENTS. IT IS REASONABLE TO ASSUME THAT WITH FURTHER TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES THEIR PERFORMANCE WILL SURPASS THAT OF PRESENT DAY DEVICES, AND THEIR COST WILL DECREASE WITH INCREASED PRODUCTION. THE APPROXIMATE COST OF IMPLEMENTING THE PROPOSED DETECTION SYSTEM AMORTIZED OVER A TEN-YEAR PERIOD IS $1,627 PER YEAR PER MILE. SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR NEEDED FUTURE RESEARCH ARE CONTAINED IN AN APPENDIX. ANOTHER APPENDIX GIVES ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND DATA ON PERTINENT MATERIAL.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/116648</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PSK SUBCARRIER DEMODULATORS FOR DATA ACQUISITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/114893</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS REPORT ANALYZES AND DISCUSSES THE USE OF PSK (PHASE SHIFT KEYING) SUBCARRIER DEMODULATORS TO OVERCOME THE NOISE DEGRADATION AND FILTERING ERRORS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNAL CONDITIONERS NOW BEING USED AS DEMODULATORS FOR LOW DATA RATE PCM/PSK. IT IS SHOWN THAT A PSK SUBCARRIER DEMODULATOR PROVIDES VERY CLOSE TO IDEAL PERFORMANCE. THE SIGNAL CONDITIONERS, WHICH WERE NOT DESIGNED FOR THE SUBCARRIER DEMODULATION FUNCTION, ARE DEFICIENT IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: IMPROPER FILTERING OF THE SIGNAL PRIOR TO SQUARING FOR SUBCARRIER REGENERATION, LOW SENSITIVITY OF PHASE LOCK LOOP AND FILTERING MATCHED TO THE SUBCARRIER RATE RATHER THAN THE DATA RATE. BECAUSE THE ENVISIONED PSK DEMODULATOR CAN BE OPTIMIZED FOR THESE FUNCTIONS, IT WILL PROVIDE ABOUT 10 DB MORE SENSITIVITY AT THRESHOLD THAN IS NOW BEING ACHIEVED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/114893</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PULSE CODE MODULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/116616</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE CAPABILITY IS EXAMINED OF A HIGHWAYS COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM UTILIZING PULSE CODE MODULATION TECHNIQUE. THE PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM) TECHNIQUE REFERS TO THE CONVERSION OF THE ALPHANUMERIC INFORMATION INTO A BINARY FORM SO THAT THE INFORMATION CAN BE REPRESENTED BY A SERIES OF PULSES, EACH PULSE EXHIBITING ONE OF TWO POSSIBLE LEVELS- A BINARY 1 OR A BINARY 0. THESE PULSES ARE REFERRED TO AS DATA BITS OR SIMPLY BITS. THE PULSE DURATION MODULATION TECHNIQUE DEPENDS ON MODULATING OR VARYING THE RELATIVE WIDTHS OF A SERIES OF PULSES IN A MANNER REPRESENTING THE INFORMATION TO BE PROCESSED OR TRANSMITTED. THE PCM TECHNIQUE APPEARS TO BE OPTIMUM BECAUSE OF: EFFICIENCY, IMMUNITY TO NOISE AND DISTORTION, IMPLEMENTATION, AND COMPATIBILITY. A PCM COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN A MANNER PERMITTING ECONOMICAL EXPANSION. THE BASIC ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT CAN BE DESIGNED IN A MANNER THAT WILL PREVENT PREMATURE OBSOLESCENCE BY INCORPORATING PULSE CODE PARAMETERS SEVERAL ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE IN EXCESS OF THE CURRENT REQUIREMENTS. THE PULSE CODE TECHINQUE WILL PROVIDE THIS TYPE OF EXPANSION CAPABILITY, WITHOUT THE PENALTY OF EXCESSIVE COST, COMPLEXITY, AND PHYSICAL SIZE NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT EMPLOYING OTHER LESS- EFFICIENT DATA TECHNIQUES.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 28 Aug 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/116616</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INVESTIGATION OF TRANSPORT AIRPLANE FUSELAGE FUEL TANK INSTALLATIONS UNDER CRASH CONDITIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/305231</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes the initial follow-on effort to a recently concluded study described in 'Fuel Containment Concepts-Transport Category Airplanes' which concluded that a short term test program involving fuselage mounted fuel tank installations be conducted.  The three contemporary fuel tank installation configurations investigated in this study include: Conformable tank containing a bladder and supported within a dedicated structure; Double wall cylindrical strap in auxillary tank; and Bladder cells fitted in the lower fuselage.  This report reviews existing crash design criteria, as well as current proposals which could affect fuel tank installations.  Program KRASH was used to help evaluate the performance of a fuselage mounted tank when subjected to dynamic loads.  A total of 21 cases were analyzed, including 12 vertical impacts and 9 longitudinal pulse conditions and/or configurations.  The analytical models included 120-inch sections, 300-inch segments, and full airplane representations.  Results in the form of floor and fuel tank accelerations, floor and fuel tank attachment loads and fuselage crush were obtained.  Two test conditions are proposed to represent conditions that best meet the crash design criteria developed in a previous FAA sponsored parametric study, as well as to recognize realistic structures and tests that can be run.  A preliminary test plan is included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/305231</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE MEASUREMENT OF BRAKE SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION UNDER REAL TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND THE APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS FOR ENGINE OPTIMIZATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189379</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Investigations on test benches, particularly under transient conditions, have one disadvantage. Some important influences on engine operation such as road gradients, dynamic forces or road bumps are not taken into consideration. In order to do away with this drawback, a new procedure to determine the brake specific fuel consumption under real traffic conditions has been developed. By means of suitable transducers, the road speed, the torque, the engine speed, the coolant temperature and the actual fuel consumption are measured and recorded on a pulse-code-modulated-magnetic storage (PCM). After the test drives, the recorded data are computer evaluated. The software allows the evaluation of a speed-torque versus time density matrix as well as classification of the transient engine operation parameters and the categorization of the results into different ranges of engine operation temperature. Examples are given to demonstrate the application of this new data acquistion and evaluation procedure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189379</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ADVANCES IN ROAD LOAD DATA ACQUISITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/189411</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Quality of road data measurements can be adversely affected by a mobile laboratory directly linked to the test vehicle or alternatively by the weight of the in-vehicle test equipment.  Compact, low power micro-electronic systems provide the means of overcoming these limitations.  This paper outlines two complementary techniques, designed specifically to improve road load data collection and analysis efficiency.  System choice however must be matched to the data application.  Part I of the paper deals with a 24 channel system centred around a lightweight in-vehicle microcomputer, enabling data reduction whilst the test is in progress.  Designed to accommodate a range of "level count" routines, this system is capable of very quick data turn round times.  Part II outlines a 32 channel PCM/tape encoded system to collect raw data.  It can be used in-vehicle or with short range telemetry to a chase vehicle for more extensive tests.  The data can be subjected to any evaluation procedure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/189411</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRANSMISSION OF DATA TO 9600 BITS/S. REPORT ON THE COMPREHENSIVE PROCEEDINGS OF THE A 145 COMMITTEE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15510</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report gives the results of the tests carried out by the Committee in 1977 and 1978 and the conclusions drawn from the: Modems: TRT (France), CODEX (USA), RACA-MILGO (GB), SAT (France) Circuits: PARIS-FRANKFURT, LUCERNE-ROME, VIENNA-WARSAW.  It describes only the main results.  The complete records of measurements with modems are given the "Modem book" issued by ORE AZ 32, and the complete records of measurements with circuits are held by ORE where they can be consulted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15510</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRECISION DME FOR NEW LANDING SYSTEM: FAST OR SLOW PULSE?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/79308</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recent proposals for the new precision distance measuring equipment to be collocated with the proposed microwave landing system are based on two main techniques: the fast and slow pulse.  This paper analyzes the factors involved in using both these techniques and compares the anticipated costs.  Comparison shows that the fast pulse method will probably have technical and economic advantages over the slow pulse technique.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Sep 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/79308</guid>
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