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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>NEAR-TERM HYBRID VEHICLE PROGRAM, PHASE 1. APPENDIX B: DESIGN TRADE-OFF STUDIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155786</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The relative attractiveness of various hybrid/electric power train configurations and electrical and mechanical drive-line components was studied. The initial screening was concerned primarily with total vehicle weight and economic factors and identified the hybrid power train combinations which warranted detailed evaluation over various driving cycles. This was done using a second-by-second vehicle simulation program which permitted the calculations of fuel economy, electricity usage, and emissions as a function of distance traveled in urban and highway driving. Power train arrangement possibilities were examined in terms of their effect on vehicle handling, safety, serviceability, and passenger comfort. A dc electric drive system utilizing a separately excited motor with field control and battery switching was selected for the near term hybrid vehicle. Hybrid vehicle simulations showed that for the first 30 mi (the electric range of the vehicle) in urban driving, the fuel economy was 80 mpg using a gasoline engine and 100 mpg using a diesel engine. In urban driving the hybrid would save about 75% of the fuel used by the conventional vehicle and in combined urban/highway driving the fuel saving is about 50%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155786</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEAR-TERM HYBRID VEHICLE PROGRAM, PHASE 1. APPENDIX B: DESIGN TRADE-OFF STUDIES REPORT. VOLUME 2: SUPPLEMENT TO DESIGN TRADE-OFF STUDIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155787</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Results of studies leading to the preliminary design of a hybrid passenger vehicle which is projected to have the maximum potential for reducing petroleum consumption in the near term are presented. Heat engine/electric hybrid vehicle tradeoffs, assessment of battery power source, and weight and cost analysis of key components are among the topics covered. Performance of auxiliary equipment, such as power steering, power brakes, air conditioning, lighting and electrical accessories, heating and ventilation is discussed along with the selection of preferred passenger compartment heating procedure for the hybrid vehicle. Waste heat from the engine, thermal energy storage, and an auxiliary burner are among the approaches considered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155787</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>NEAR-TERM HYBRID VEHICLE PROGRAM, PHASE 1. APPENDIX B: DESIGN TRADE-OFF STUDIES REPORT. VOLUME 3: COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTINGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155788</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A description and listing is presented of two computer programs: Hybrid Vehicle Design Program (HYVELD) and Hybrid Vehicle Simulation Program (HYVEC). Both of the programs are modifications and extensions of similar programs developed as part of the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle System Research and Development Project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155788</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEAR-TERM HYBRID VEHICLE PROGRAM, PHASE 1</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155789</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The preliminary design of a hybrid vehicle which fully meets or exceeds the requirements set forth in the Near Term Hybrid Vehicle Program is documented. Topics addressed include the general layout and styling, the power train specifications with discussion of each major component, vehicle weight and weight breakdown, vehicle performance, measures of energy consumption, and initial cost and ownership cost. Alternative design options considered and their relationship to the design adopted, computer simulation used, and maintenance and reliability considerations are also discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155789</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEAR-TERM HYBRID VEHICLE PROGRAM, PHASE 1. APPENDIX A: MISSION ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION STUDIES REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155790</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Results of a study leading to the preliminary design of a five passenger hybrid vehicle utilizing two energy sources (electricity and gasoline/diesel fuel) to minimize petroleum usage on a fleet basis are presented. The study methodology is described. Vehicle characterizations, the mission description, characterization, and impact on potential sales, and the rationale for the selection of the reference internal combustion engine vehicle are presented. Conclusions and recommendations of the mission analysis and performance specification report are included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155790</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEAR-TERM HYBRID VEHICLE PROGRAM, PHASE 1. APPENDIX C: PRELIMINARY DESIGN DATA PACKAGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155791</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The design methodology, the design decision rationale, the vehicle preliminary design summary, and the advanced technology developments are presented. The detailed vehicle design, the vehicle ride and handling and front structural crashworthiness analysis, the microcomputer control of the propulsion system, the design study of the battery switching circuit, the field chopper, and the battery charger, and the recent program refinements and computer results are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155791</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESIGN TRADEOFF STUDIES AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS, APPENDIX B</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155799</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Further work was performed on the Near Term Hybrid Passenger Vehicle Development Program. Fuel economy on the order of 2 to 3 times that of a conventional vehicle, with a comparable life cycle cost, is possible. The two most significant factors in keeping the life cycle cost down are the retail price increment and the ratio of battery replacement cost to battery life. Both factors can be reduced by reducing the power rating of the electric drive portion of the system relative to the system power requirements. The type of battery most suitable for the hybrid, from the point of view of minimizing life cycle cost, is nickel-iron. The hybrid is much less sensitive than a conventional vehicle is, in terms of the reduction in total fuel consumption and resultant decreases in operating expense, to reductions in vehicle weight, tire rolling resistance, etc., and to propulsion system and drivetrain improvements designed to improve the brake specific fuel consumption of the engine under low road load conditions. It is concluded that modifications to package the propulsion system and battery pack can be easily accommodated within the confines of a modified carryover body such as the Ford Ltd.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155799</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HYBRID VEHICLE POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT. VOLUME 7: HYBRID VEHICLE REVIEW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155802</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Review of hybrid vehicles built during the past ten years or planned to be built in the near future is presented. An attempt is made to classify and analyze these vehicles to get an overall picture of their key characteristics. The review includes onroad hybrid passenger cars, trucks, vans, and buses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155802</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEM CONCEPT FOR HYBRID VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/169214</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A series hybrid system, utilizing a free piston Stirling engine with a linear alternator, and a parallel hybrid system, incorporating a kinematic Stirling engine, are analyzed for various specified reference missions/vehicles ranging from a small two passenger commuter vehicle to a van. Parametric studies for each configuration, detail tradeoff studies to determine engine, battery and system definition, short term energy storage evaluation, and detail life cycle cost studies were performed. Results indicate that the selection of a parallel Stirling engine/electric, hybrid propulsion system can significantly reduce petroleum consumption by 70 percent over present conventional vehicles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/169214</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FUEL ECONOMY SCREENING STUDY OF ADVANCED AUTOMOTIVE GAS TURBINE ENGINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155479</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fuel economy potentials were calculated and compared among ten turbomachinery configurations. All gas turbine engines were evaluated with a continuously variable transmission in a 1978 compact car. A reference fuel economy was calculated for the car with its conventional spark ignition piston engine and three speed automatic transmission. Two promising engine/transmission combinations, using gasoline, had 55 to 60 percent gains over the reference fuel economy. Fuel economy sensitivities to engine design parameter changes were also calculated for these two combinations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/155479</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ADVANCED ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEM CONCEPT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/150675</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Seventeen propulsion system concepts for electric vehicles were compared to determine the differences in components and battery pack to achieve the basic performance level. Design tradeoffs were made for selected configurations to find the optimum component characteristics required to meet all performance goals. The anticipated performance when using nickel-zinc batteries rather than the standard lead-acid batteries was also evaluated. The two systems selected for the final conceptual design studies included a system with a flywheel energy storage unit and a basic system that did not have a flywheel. The flywheel system meets the range requirement with either lead-acid or nickel-zinc batteries and also the acceleration of zero to 89 km/hr in 15 s. The basic system can also meet the required performance with a fully charged battery, but, when the battery approaches 20 to 30 percent depth of discharge, maximum acceleration capability gradually degrades. The flywheel system has an estimated life-cycle cost of $0.041/km using lead-acid batteries. The basic system has a life-cycle cost of $0.06/km. The basic system, using batteries meeting ISOA goals, would have a life-cycle cost of $0.043/km.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/150675</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN AUTOMATICALLY-SHIFTED TWO-SPEED TRANSAXLE SYSTEM FOR AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/150678</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An automatic shifting scheme for a two speed transaxle for use with an electric vehicle propulsion system is described. The transaxle system was to be installed in an instrumented laboratory propulsion system of an ac electric vehicle drive train. The transaxle which had been fabricated is also described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/150678</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY OF THE PREDICTION OF CRUISE NOISE AND LAMINAR FLOW CONTROL NOISE CRITERIA FOR SUBSONIC AIR TRANSPORTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/150392</link>
      <description><![CDATA[General procedures for the prediction of component noise levels incident upon airframe surfaces during cruise are developed. Contributing noise sources are those associated with the propulsion system, the airframe and the laminar flow control (LFC) system. Transformation procedures from the best prediction base of each noise source to the transonic cruise condition are established. Two approaches to LFC/acoustic criteria are developed. The first is a semi-empirical extension of the X-21 LFC/acoustic criteria to include sensitivity to the spectrum and directionality of the sound field. In the second, the more fundamental problem of how sound excites boundary layer disturbances is analyzed by deriving and solving an inhomogeneous Orr-Sommerfeld equation in which the source terms are proportional to the production and dissipation of sound induced fluctuating vorticity. Numerical solutions are obtained and compared with corresponding measurements. Recommendations are made to improve and validate both the cruise noise prediction methods and the LFC/acoustic criteria.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/150392</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OPPORTUNITIES FOR CERAMICS IN THE ERDA/NASA CONTINUOUS COMBUSTION PROPULSION SYSTEMS PROGRAM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/50843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An overview on engine development projects for potential use of ceramics is reported. A major ceramics materials technology effort is described to meet anticipated engine system requirements in terms of the automotive application, some of the more pressing technology needs, and some indications of how to conduct this technology program with industry-engine development projects focus on both gas turbine and Stirling engines. No numeric data are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Aug 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/50843</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY AND ITS POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/63594</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The topics covered include fly by wire, digital control, control configured vehicles, applications to advanced flight vehicles, advanced propulsion control systems, and active control technology for transport aircraft.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Feb 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/63594</guid>
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