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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>PROPELLER ICE LOAD MODELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480488</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Models for calculating the loads that a marine screw propeller experiences during ice propeller interaction are developed.  The interaction process and various contact geometry and interactions types are described.  Some laboratory and full-scale experiments are briefly presented.  The interaction process is described with a simulation model.  The model calculates the ice block/propeller contact geometry at each time step.  The load balance between the blade and the block is based on a contact load model and a model of hydrodynamic disturbance loads caused by the presence of an ice block.  This load balance affects the relative velocity between the ice block and propeller and accordingly the contact conditions for the next time step.  The essential elements of the simulation model are given in the report.  The contact load model and hydrodynamic disturbance load model are briefly described.  The models are verified against some full-scale events.  A set of parameter variations are studied with the simulation model.  Finally the results of these parameter runs are condensed by means of regression analysis to simple load calculation formulas.  The input parameters for these formulas are limited to those that are considered most essential.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480488</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE EFFECT OF RADIAL CIRCULATION DISTRIBUTION ON PROPELLER CAVITATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455622</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The onset of tip and hub vortex cavitation can be influenced by the design shape of the radial circulation distribution.  Four model propellers with different radial circulation distributions have been designed and model tested.  The model test results showed the variation of cavitation onset and efficiency with different radial circulation distributions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455622</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FORCES ON SURFACE-PIERCING PROPELLERS WITH INCLINATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439779</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The well-established methodology developed for calculating the forces on fully submerged subcavitating propellers is applicable to surface-piercing propellers with similar accuracy. These general formulas are herewith adapted specifically to evaluation of the steady lateral force and moment set on surface-piercing propellers, which may be inclined relative to the stream direction.  The fully submerged inclined-propeller case is included as a specialisation of the formula.  Predictions are compared with the traditional thinking on the effects of inclination and propeller geometric characteristics, such as blade rake, on boat performance attributes, such as steering torque and running trim.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439779</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>WIND TUNNEL INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF PROPELLER LOADING ON SHIP RUDDER PERFORMANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/443891</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of wind tunnel experiments on typical ship rudders and propeller combinations are presented.  The experiments simulated the condition of a rudder operating aft of a propeller but without the influence of the hull.  Three rudder types were tested, a semi-balanced skeg rudder with taper ratio 0.8 and all movable rudders with taper ratios of 0.8 and 1.0. The propeller was modelled on a Wageningen B4.40.  The longitudinal separation of rudder and propeller was varied, and by extending the span of the rectangular rudder an insight into the influence of propeller diameter/rudder span was provided. Results are presented for each rudder as lift and drag coefficients and centre of pressure for selected angles of attack and changes in propeller thrust loading.  Surface pressure distributions over the rudder were also obtained in order to provide a detailed knowledge of the distribution of forces over the rudder.  The results demonstrate the controlling influence of propeller thrust loading on basic rudder forces and on the movement of rudder centre of pressure.  The changes in stall characteristics and stall angle due to propeller action were also identified.  The results provide force data for use in manoeuvring simulations and detailed data for the validation of numerical modelling of the interaction of the problem.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/443891</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON A CONVENTIONAL AND A HIGHLY SKEWED PROPELLER MODEL - UNDER NON-CAVITATION CONDITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434159</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes new experimental techniques for the measurement of pressure distribution on the blades of propeller models and associated test results. Two kinds of propeller model were studied; a conventional propeller and a highly skewed propeller. Earlier measurements included errors due to blade deformation and improved procedures were devised to eliminate these. Discussion is presented of a comparison of pressure distribution between the measured results and the calculated results given by existing propeller lifting surface theory on the two types of propellers, both in uniform and non-uniform flow. The results are given and analysed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434159</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FLEXIBLE PROPELLERS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441293</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A concept known as Flexprop has been developed for reducing load variations on a propeller rotating in the uneven water flow behind a ship's hull.  The concept has been tested in model scale and full scale applications to prove that propeller blades can be manufactured in composite material to given the desired flexibility and hence reduction in loading.  Copies are available from Sterling Publications Ltd., 86-88 Edgware Road, London W2 2YW, U.K.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441293</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF STRENGTH OF MARINE PROPELLER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/445484</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Structural reliability analysis was carried out to compare marine propellers designed in accordance with the rules of various classification societies.  Both static and dynamic loading condition was investigated, and several uncertain factors were discussed.  It was concluded that random variable characteristics and dynamic loading considerations are of importance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/445484</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY ON LOADING NOISE OF NON-CAVITATING MARINE PROPELLER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/445438</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the far field noise from a propeller in unsteady loading is derived in the frequency domain.  Unsteady lifting surface theory is used to analyze the hydrodynamics of the propeller which is rotating in non-uniform flow.  A program is coded which can be used to predict the propeller loading noise.  Several calculation samples are given to show the characteristics of the propeller loading noise, the effect of wake and geometries of propeller on noise are also studies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/445438</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROPELLER HYDROELASTIC EFFECTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/432419</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper describes, with examples, the use of lifting surface analysis and finite element stressing procedures to investigate the deflections of propeller blades under load and the influence of these deflections on the performance of the propeller.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/432419</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE INFLUENCE OF HYDRODYNAMIC FACTORS ON GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICIENCY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/436883</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Principles are given on which the design procedure of average loaded contrarotating propellers (CRP) can be based. the results of experimental investigations of the law of distribution of hydrodynamic loading along the blades on the geometric characteristics and efficiency of CRP are presented. An investigation was carried out into the influence on blade pitch and chamber of increased velocities induced by the mutual interaction of the forward and aft propellers. The effect of the ratio of moments on CRP efficiency is examined. Practical recommendations are given on the choice of increase factors of axial induced velocities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/436883</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE FLEXPROP PROPELLER CONCEPT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439062</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new propeller design concept, to reduce load variations on a working propeller - known as FLEXPROP has been developed by a Swedish consortium.  The main idea behind the FLEXPROP concept is to make use of the elastic properties of the blades of the propeller in reducing the load variations occurring when the blades are rotating in the unequal flow field behind a ship.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439062</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ICE LOADS ON PROPELLER BLADE OF SMALL CAR FERRY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437975</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During the winter of 1987, extensive long term measurements in full scale were performed on board a small car ferry operating in the south-west archipelago of Finland. The normal and shear stresses on one propeller blade were measured with strain gauges by using such a configuration that the bending moments and spindle torque of the blade could be obtained with good accuracy. From these quantities it is possible to evaluate the components of the concentrated force, which was normal to the blade sections and its location on the surface of the blade. The new feature in these measurements was that they lasted the whole winter period, the total effective recording time was over six hundred hours and thus the collected data includes also information of the statistical distribution of the blade loading.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437975</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE OPTIMUM PROPELLER LOADING WITH INCLUSION OF DUCT AND HUB</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439342</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A numerical approach to determine the optimum circulation of a propeller operating inside a duct and hub is presented.  The procedure combines a potential-based panel method for treating the flow around the duct and hub surfaces, and a vortex lattice lifting line method for treating the propeller.  The optimum propeller loading is determined by using a non-linear optimisation technique to maximise the propeller efficiency.  The non-axisymmetric interactions between the duct-hub surface and the propeller are considered within the design procedure. Optimum results for a propeller operating independently with either a duct or a hub are included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439342</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A THREE-DIMENSIONAL THEORY FOR THE DESIGN PROBLEM OF PROPELLER DUCTS IN A SHEAR FLOW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439599</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A linearised theory of the three-dimensional steady interaction between a ducted propeller system and a radially and circumferentially sheared axial onset flow is presented. Following duct lifting surface theory the duct is modelled by a distribution of pressure dipoles and sources on a reference cylinder to represent the effects of loading and thickness.  An actuator disk model is used to represent the effects of propeller loading.  An integral equation for the pressure disturbance is derived which may be applied to treat both the effects of loading and thickness.  The potential and shear interaction components of the disturbance pressure are treated separately and a computational scheme is applied to solve the integral equation for the interaction pressure.  The results of sample calculations for the effects of duct loading in axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric wakes are presented and discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439599</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LOAD VARIATION TESTS IMPROVE THE RELIABILITY OF SHIP POWER PREDICTIONS BASED ON MODEL TEST RESULTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/440885</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is shown that load-variation tests improve the reliability of ship power predictions based on model tests.  Therefore it is recommended to complete the normal routine tests by load-variation tests, or to reduce extensive speed-variation tests, which are normally performed, for the benefit of specific load-variation tests.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/440885</guid>
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