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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Extensive and intensive margin labor supply on ride-sourcing platforms</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686704</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rapid expansion of ride-sourcing platforms has enabled freelance drivers to flexibly determine both their participation and working hours. Understanding this flexible labor supply behavior is essential for managing platform capacity and evaluating the impacts of pricing and incentive policies on driver welfare. This study develops a labor supply model in which drivers optimally choose whether to participate (extensive margin) and how long to work (intensive margin) to maximize their utility from consumption and leisure. The model incorporates heterogeneity in drivers’ other income, idle time, and participation costs, allowing us to analytically characterize equilibrium labor supply decisions. The results show that participation occurs only when the income rate exceeds a threshold. Participating drivers work all of their idle time when the income rate lies within an intermediate range, but allocate less time to work when the rate is very low or very high. Lower other income or higher participation costs increase the optimal working hours. Moreover, the working-hour elasticity becomes negative when the income rate is sufficiently high. Using real-world operational data, we estimate key model parameters and find that most drivers exhibit positive working-hour elasticity, whereas a smaller but non-negligible group show negative elasticity. These findings suggest that an increase in the income rate always expands platform capacity through greater participation but may either augment or reduce capacity through changes in working hours, depending on driver heterogeneity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:31:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686704</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Work-related neck pain and its association with postural and ergonomic factors among Pakistani professional drivers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2708421</link>
      <description><![CDATA[BACKGROUND: Professional drivers are most likely to experience work-related neck pain due to awkward sitting positions for extended periods of time. Globally, millions of people depend on drivers who dedicate their lives to the craft. However, there is a paucity of data available on professional drivers suffering from neck pain or other musculoskeletal pain in Pakistan. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of neck pain and its association with postural and ergonomic factors among Pakistani professional drivers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to June 2022 among 369 professional drivers located in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The data were collected by using a questionnaire comprising different sections, including personal, postural and ergonomic factors among drivers. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25 was used for data entry and analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 40.83±9.27 years. Among the 369 participants, 129 reported neck pain. The period and point prevalence of neck pain were 35% (n = 129) and 31% (n = 115), respectively. Professional drivers reported a significant association between habitual forward posture and head–neck posture (p = 0.000) and between habitual forward posture and trunk posture (p = 0.000) with neck pain. In addition, ergonomics training (p = 0.002), ergonomics awareness (p = 0.002), and mobile use while driving (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with neck pain. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that drivers have greater period prevalence of neck pain than point prevalence. Moreover, this study revealed that age, BMI, lifestyle, health status, medication use, and smoking habits were associated with neck pain in drivers. Drivers who had ergonomic training and awareness were significantly less likely to suffer from lower neck pain. Drivers with a habitual forward posture are more likely to suffer from neck pain than are drivers with a prone posture.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2708421</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Insomnia, fatigue, and risky driving behaviors among professional drivers: A cross-sectional study in Tunisia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694556</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Professional drivers worldwide face elevated risks of sleep disturbances and fatigue due to demanding occupational conditions, contributing significantly to road traffic trauma. In Tunisia, where professional drivers are involved in nearly a quarter of all accidents but account for almost a third of fatalities, research in this North African context remains critically limited.   This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence and associations of insomnia, fatigue, and risky driving behaviors among 387 professional drivers in Tunisia (mean age 42.3 ± 10.8 years; 99.7% male). Participants completed validated questionnaires including the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), structured fatigue assessments, and risky driving behavior scales.   Results revealed that 34.6% of drivers experienced clinically significant insomnia, with 18.3% reporting moderate-to-severe symptoms. Excessive fatigue while driving was reported by 41.3% of participants, with truck drivers showing the highest prevalence (51.4%). Binary logistic regression analyses demonstrated that insomnia severity (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.76–4.58, p < 0.001), younger age (<35 years; AOR = 2.12), longer weekly work hours (>60 h; AOR = 1.89), self-employment status (AOR = 1.71), frequent night driving (AOR = 1.68), and short sleep duration (<6 h; AOR = 2.45) were significantly associated with excessive fatigue during driving. Fatigue, in turn, was strongly associated with risky driving behaviors, including drowsy driving (AOR = 7.35, p < 0.001), speeding (AOR = 2.81), mobile phone use (AOR = 2.59), and tailgating (AOR = 2.35).   These findings underscore the critical need for multi-level interventions targeting sleep health among Tunisian professional drivers, including workplace schedule optimization, insomnia screening and treatment programs, and strengthened regulatory enforcement of work hour limits. This study provides the first systematic evidence linking insomnia, fatigue, and driving safety in the North African context, contributing essential baseline data for culturally appropriate intervention development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 15:12:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694556</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Identifying vehicle characteristic target based on subjective ratings from drivers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646992</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In virtual tire development, defining vehicle characteristic target is crucial to achieving the desired vehicle performance with the equipped tires. Vehicle performance is generally evaluated through subjective ratings by skilled drivers following SAE J1441 guidelines, as well as the objective performance metrics obtained via vehicle dynamics analysis. However, due to the scarcity and bias in real-world testing dataset, the vehicle characteristic target cannot be determined definitively. To address this issue, we propose a recommendation system that searches the unexplored vehicle characteristic domains. This suggested method provides virtual subjective ratings to enrich the limited real-world dataset from the skilled drivers. Moreover, we highlight the correlation between subjective and objective data using vehicle and tire dynamics simulation software. Based on this augmented data, we predict the vehicle characteristic target according to the subjective rating requirements. The proposed approach was validated through various experiments involving skilled drivers and various vehicle-tire combinations, showing 91.26% to 96.2% consistency in generated steering parameter domains. Domains of stability parameters show that one fewer domain was generated by a conservative driver compared to more lenient driver, which confirms the robustness of the proposed approach in accommodating individual driver preferences.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 14:47:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646992</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vertical and horizontal fairness concerns in the ride-hailing platform with solo and carpool ride services</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594370</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the rapid growth of ride-hailing platforms, drivers have raised concerns about the platform’s commission rate and their compensation not aligning with their service efforts. In this paper, we investigate the impact of drivers’ fairness concerns on operational decisions within ride-hailing services. Specifically, we focus on two types of fairness issues: vertical fairness, which concerns the profit gap between the driver and the platform, and horizontal fairness, which concerns the profit disparity between the solo ride driver and the carpool ride driver. To examine the impact of fairness concerns, we analyze four scenarios: (1) when neither fairness concern is considered (NN), (2) when only the vertical fairness concern is considered (NV), (3) when only the horizontal fairness concern is considered (HN), and (4) when both fairness concerns are considered (HV). Each of these scenarios is modeled as a Stackelberg game, where we examine the interactions between the platform and drivers under different fairness conditions. Our analysis reveals that Vertical fairness effect, arising from the vertical fairness concern, reduces the ride-hailing platform’s profit. In contrast, Horizontal fairness effect, stemming from the horizontal fairness concern, increases the platform’s profit. Additionally, we find that the vertical fairness effect is greater than the horizontal fairness effect when the solo ride service price is sufficiently low, the customer’s inconvenience cost for taking a carpool service is low, or the commission rate between the platform and drivers is high enough. Based on these insights, we provide managerial implications for ride-hailing platform operators on how to optimize platform operations when drivers’ fairness concerns are taken into account.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 14:44:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594370</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Do Riding Behavior, Speeding, and Law Adherence Differ between Professional and Nonprofessional Riders?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655733</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bangladesh has experienced a rapid rise in motorcycle use in recent years. The surge in nonprofessional and professional riders is as a result of demand, ride-sharing opportunities, self-employment, and affordability. Although riding behavior is identified as one of the most influential precursors of motorcycle safety, there is little research comparing the riding behaviors of professional and nonprofessional riders. This study, therefore, aims to differentiate professional and nonprofessional riders based on their distinct riding behavior. Data from 624 motorcycle riders were collected via online and face-to-face questionnaire surveys in Dhaka. Following the feature selection through mean decrease accuracy and mean decrease Gini, this study developed a random forest (RF) model to delve deeper into riders’ behavior. Furthermore, the SHapley Additive exPlanations-based feature was employed to determine the differential factors like overtaking vehicles from the wrong side, carrying passengers without helmets, no speed reduction at intersections, and riding without proper fitness. In addition, this study focused on finding differences in the two rider groups’ law adherence, alertness, and speed behaviors. Consequently, this enables policymakers to design data-driven targeted safety measures that more effectively address the unique risks the two rider groups pose. The findings suggest targeted educational interventions, awareness campaigns, and effective and strict enforcement of the Road Transportation Act of 2018 to improve safety practices. It also recommends purpose-built technology-based solutions, such as the use of wearable smart glasses and AI-integrated speed cameras, as well as engineering-based solutions, such as separating traffic moving at varying speeds and separate lanes for motorcycles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2026 09:11:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655733</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>History of occupational accidents and near misses and sleepiness in Italian professional drivers: A cross-sectional study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2587111</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sleep difficulties among professional drivers are a major concern for health and safety as they can be associated with increased tiredness while driving and can be related to an increased risk of accidents. Several lifestyle-related risk factors can have an important impact on sleep. This study aims to investigate whether a history of work accidents or near misses is associated with abnormal sleepiness among a sample of Italian professional drivers, considering individual and occupational factors that may influence this relationship. From 2018 to 2022, the authors conducted a cross-sectional study recruiting professional drivers attending mandatory health and safety training courses in accordance with Italian legislation. Participants completed a six-section questionnaire including personal information, sleep-related difficulties, occupational data, habits, history of accidents and near misses, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The authors used multiple logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for abnormal sleepiness. The sample comprised 884 workers, predominantly male (99%), with mean age 49.4years. The study showed associations between several risk factors and excessive sleepiness. Consuming alcohol showed an increased probability of higher ESS scores. Similarly, snoring and having a history of occupational accidents or near misses showed increased probability of abnormal sleepiness. This study suggests a potential association between a history of near misses and abnormal sleepiness among professional drivers. The observed relationship underscores the need to address underlying sleep disorders, such as undiagnosed sleep apnea, which may contribute to excessive sleepiness and compromised safety. Drivers with a history of work accidents or near misses should be considered for screening programs targeting abnormal sleepiness, as these events may serve as early warning signs. Educational interventions to raise awareness and promote better sleep hygiene among this at-risk group could play a crucial role in improving both occupational health and road safety. Despite limitations inherent to self-reported data, the findings offer valuable insights for targeted prevention strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2025 09:35:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2587111</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Safety efficiency assessment of online car-hailing drivers based on the nonparametric method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606570</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study introduces a novel driver safety evaluation method for online car-hailing drivers, focusing on dangerous driving behaviors. By analyzing data from 97 drivers over one month, including the frequencies of dangerous behaviors and driving distances, we develop a methodological framework integrating Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Super-Efficiency DEA model. This framework dynamically links dangerous driving behaviors to driving risk, calculates driver safety efficiency, and ranks driving safety. It also offers behavioral improvement advice to poorly performing drivers based on slack variables. Compared to traditional models such as EWM-TOPSIS and Critic-TOPSIS, our method exhibits superior stability and provides a more individualized and objective assessment. The DEA model effectively ranks driver safety performance, highlighting its advantages over TOPSIS in handling multiple inputs and outputs without predefined weights. This research offers valuable insights for online car-hailing companies to identify high-risk drivers and implement targeted safety training programs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 16:07:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606570</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Professional drivers’ attitudes towards sedentary behaviour at work and during leisure time: A scoping review</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2597017</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Professional drivers spend prolonged hours sitting, increasing their risk of chronic diseases. However, to date little is known about drivers' attitudes towards sedentariness. The aim of this scoping review was to develop an in-depth understanding of professional drivers’ attitudes to sedentary behavior during work and leisure time. An electronic search of academic databases was conducted including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, and the industry database TRID. Search terms related to key concepts of attitude, sedentary behavior, work environment, leisure time, and driver mode. Findings were narratively synthesized with key themes identified. A total of 568 articles were screened with 19 articles included in the final review. Professional drivers highlighted that their work involved high levels of sedentary time and acknowledged this as bad for their health. The drivers believed that both themselves and their workplaces were responsible for their health and subsequently their sedentary exposure at work. Drivers viewed their sedentary exposure at work to be ‘a part of the job’ and unavoidable, some of which related to existing workplace culture beliefs. Work was the biggest factor influencing drivers' attitudes to their sedentary behavior during leisure time. While professional drivers acknowledged the negative health effects of sedentary behaviors, they viewed the design of the professional driving job as the reason for their sedentary exposure both at work and during their leisure time. Future research endeavors should seek to include professional drivers in the design of interventions to reduce their sedentary time exposure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2025 08:48:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2597017</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Impact of the Eu Mobility Package on Smes in the Polish Road Transport Sector: An Empirical Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2592133</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the European Union (EU), the issues of the development of transport infrastructure, forwarding, and logistics services, as well as regulations regarding the rules of functioning on the market, are included in the common transport and logistics policy. Despite many actions taken, transport policy so far has not been rigorous enough to meet the targets needed to combat climate change and the sustainable development goals set. One such measure in the transport sector is the 'Mobility Package', which aims to regulate international road transport services provided in the EU market by EU-based carriers. This includes, among other things, improving working conditions for professional drivers and reducing the risk of unfair competition. The paper addresses the following research questions: what are the main assumptions of EU transport policy, what are the characteristics of road transport enterprises in Poland, and how do SMEs in Poland evaluate the changes resulting from the Mobility Package. To achieve thei goals, the authors first rely on open-access data from various sources, and then they use the snowball sampling survey. They indicate the main assumptions of the EU transport policy, e.g., intensification of regulation of the common transport market at the level of EU authorities and integration of transport organizations with sustainable development rules, and then identify the main characteristics of Polish road transport enterprises. Their research results also show that the impact of the mobility package on the operations of Polish road transport companies depends significantly on the size of the company. The assessment of the impact of the mobility package may depend on whether or not enterprises have a development strategy. The consequences of implementing the package are not mentioned as the main challenge for businesses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2025 09:23:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2592133</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on the Availability of Suitable Rest Facilities for Professional Drivers and of Secured Parking Facilities, as Well as on the Development of Safe and Secure Parking Facilities in the EU: Annex II: Stakeholder Consultation Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2539749</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Stakeholder Consultation report aims to gather and present diverse perspectives on safe and secure parking and resting facilities across Europe. By using a combination of qualitative and quantitative data, the report draws on the expertise of professionals from various backgrounds and Member States within the transport, parking operation and resting sectors. This comprehensive approach seeks to create a clear and representative roadmap outlining the needs of the sector, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses, establishing benchmarks, and formulating assumptions and recommendations grounded in the sector's real needs. The report incorporates insights from a wide range of stakeholders, including EU bodies, national transport ministries, parking operators, transport associations, trade unions, drivers, companies, enforcement authorities, and technology providers that participated in the activities organised under the framework of the study, in multiple ways.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2025 15:10:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2539749</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on the Availability of Suitable Rest Facilities for Professional Drivers and of Secured Parking Facilities, as Well as on the Development of Safe and Secure Parking Facilities in the EU: Final Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2539748</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study addresses the critical need for Safe and Secure Parking Areas (SSPAs) for professional drivers across the European Union, focusing on their availability, security standards, and development potential. The research highlights persistent challenges in the road transport sector, including driver shortages, inadequate parking infrastructure, and security concerns, which hinder the sector’s operational efficiency and driver well-being. The EU road transport sector is essential for economic integration but faces mounting pressures from regulatory, social, and technological changes. Key drivers include the European Green Deal, technological advancements like digital tachographs, and evolving labour dynamics. Current gaps in secure parking infrastructure pose risks to drivers’ safety, cargo security, and compliance with mandated rest periods. Consultations with industry stakeholders underscored the need for standardized security certification, better parking management, and increased funding for facility upgrades. However, while safety and security are widely recognised as essential across EU parking areas, this study does not determine whether need directly translates into utilisation. Further examination is required to distinguish perceived necessity from the willingness to use certified parking areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2025 15:10:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2539748</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Relationships between paratransit passenger satisfaction and driver labour conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548151</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Labour conditions for paratransit workers in Sub-Saharan African cities are typically exploitative, precarious, and stressful. These conditions inevitably contribute to dangerous driving behaviour and poor quality-of-service. The aim of this paper is to explore whether improving driver labour conditions can improve quality-of-service, from a passenger perspective. It investigates the nature and strength of relationships between paratransit driver labour relations and quality-of-service. Data from a (𝓃 = 7407) paratransit passenger survey, administered in five case cities (Accra, Cape Town, Freetown, Kumasi, and Maputo), takes the form of ordinal Likert scale ratings of paratransit service attributes. Descriptive statistical analysis found that drivers remunerated through a daily ‘target’ system without representation in collective industry organisations, provide less satisfactory services than drivers remunerated through variations of ‘commission’ and part-salary systems with collective representation. An ordinal logistic regression model estimated that the odds of passengers being more satisfied (instead of very dissatisfied) with the overall quality-of-service provided by a driver remunerated under a part-salary and ‘commission’ system, are 3.99 and 2.11 times that of service provided by driver remunerated under a ‘target system’, respectively. It is concluded that better treated drivers provide better quality services. Paratransit improvement strategies should therefore include interventions that improve vehicle crew working conditions and labour relations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 11:42:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548151</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A comparative analysis of risk factors influencing crash severity between full-time and part-time riding-hailing drivers in China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2549006</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ride-hailing is increasingly important in urban public transportation, yet research on its traffic safety remains limited. This study examined risk factors for crash severity among ride-hailing drivers, including demographics, financial burden, phone usage, fatigue, and risky driving behaviors. Data were collected from 2,182 drivers via a self-reported survey. Recognizing potential differences between full-time and part-time drivers, the data were divided accordingly, and two Bayesian network models were generated. The results indicated that both types of drivers suffer from heavy financial burdens and severe fatigue, with certain factors related to risky behaviors or phone usage increasing the likelihood of serious crashes. However, the specific risk factors leading to severe crashes varied between the two groups. Furthermore, the study confirmed that several combinations of risk factors exhibit nonlinear amplification effects on crash severity across different driver groups. These findings may support the design of evidence-based interventions to mitigate crash severity among ride-hailing drivers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 11:42:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2549006</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The comparison of STOP-BANG and no-apnea questionnaires in screening obstructive sleep apnea among commercial drivers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2551093</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No-apnea questionnaire (NAQ) and STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ) are widely used for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening. This investigation aimed to compare the SBQ with the NAQ as an OSA screening tool among commercial drivers. The authors included eligible commercial drivers who came to the Occupational Health clinic between March 2018 and March 2019. Participants filled out the SBQ, NAQ, and ESS questionnaires. The SBQ scores eight factors to assess OSA risk, with a score of ≥3 indicating high risk. The NAQ scores age and neck circumference for OSA risk, with ≥3 indicating significant risk. The ESS measures daytime sleepiness, with a score of ≥10 indicating excessive sleepiness as the most common symptom of OSA. The patients’ scores were evaluated based on the set criteria. A McNemar test was used to determine the differences between SBQ and NAQ. The number of at-risk patients was measured for each screening test, and the correlation between the two screening methods was evaluated by measuring Cohen’s kappa coefficient. A total number of 581 commercial drivers, with a mean age of 44.39 ± 9.16 years, participated. The mean SBQ score was 1.82 ± 0.78, with 17.7% of participants being at high risk of OSA. The mean NAQ score was 3.48 ± 1.94, with 65.7% of participants being at high risk of OSA. About 48.6% of commercial drivers were at high risk, according to the NAQ but not SBQ. In contrast, 0.5% of participants were at high risk, according to SBQ, but not NAQ. Regarding ESS scores, among those identified as high risk for OSA by the SBQ, 13.6% exhibited an ESS score greater than 10. Similarly, within the high-risk group identified by the NAQ, this proportion was 14.1%. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.17, which is considerably low. A McNemar test also indicated that the SBQ and the NAQ didn’t have equivalent diagnostic outcomes (P-value < 0.001). The NAQ identified more professional drivers at risk for OSA compared to the SBQ, suggesting that objective-based questionnaires may be more effective for screening in safety-sensitive jobs like commercial driving. However, further validation with polysomnography and cost-benefit considerations are needed to determine the most efficient and sustainable screening approach.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Jun 2025 10:53:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2551093</guid>
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