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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>DAMPING VIBRATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/536945</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Problems concerned with vibration damping have been a subject of comprehensive interest of scientists and reseachers for a long time, yet many aspects related to damping remain poorly examined.  The authors of this work intend to present their own research achievements, some possibly general contributions to certain problems, and complementary or new and more precise investigations of some other problems.  The book presents the following: general definitions of measures employed in vibration damping, summaries of conditions and criteria for motion to be described as alternating motion when accompanied by viscous damping; discussions of problems concerning vibration brought about by dry friction, and mathematical relationships in the form of multiple valued functions expressing the friction forces, with shock absorbers taken as examples for the interpretation of the derived formulas.  Later chapters focus on: internal damping, with presentation of eigen problems of composite structures, relationships between damping decrements and materials loss factors; energy dissipation phenomena in metallic elements under cyclic loading; the problems of vibration damping as a result of structural damping; modelling of damping in the case of parametric and autoparametric vibrations of laminated machine elements, among other things. The book is meant for scientists and researchers from institutes dealing with the problems of vibration damping; and for engineers, designers, industrial researchers, and machine operators who can find innovative formulations and solutions to new problems or to problems that have been treated, up to now, in a different way.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/536945</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TABU SEARCH HEURISTIC FOR THE CAPACITATED ARC ROUTING PROBLEM. REVISED EDITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/536543</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The capacitated arc routing problem (CARP) arises in several contexts where streets must be traversed for maintenance purposes or for the delivery of services.  The aim of this research is to develop efficient procedures and to embed these within a tabu search algorithm for the CARP.  The paper describes seven basic procedures used in the search process involving removal, reinsertion, and reoptimization operations. It then presents the main components of the algorithm developed, called CARPET, and its step by step description.  Computational results are used to compare the performance of CARPET and its truncated versions to other methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 12 Sep 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/536543</guid>
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      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED METHODS FOR RESEARCH IMPLEMENTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/484911</link>
      <description><![CDATA[State and Federal Highway agencies spend millions of dollars each year on research studies with the expectation that the money spent will yield innovative products and practices that will benefit future transportation system users.  This paper discusses a joint Quality Improvement Program (QIP) formed by the Arkansas Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD) in response to the FHWA emphasis on research program management. The program consists of both central-office and field-office personnel of AHTD, a representative  from FHWA, and a representative from academia with experience in performing contract research for AHTD.  The mission of the joint QIP team included a review of existing implementation procedures; development of an effective and streamlined process for implementation; provision of an efficient research information network; and establishment of methods for tracking and evaluating implementation activities and progress.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 May 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/484911</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>HUMAN-CENTERED TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCEDURES FOR FUTURE AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT: A PRELIMINARY OVERVIEW OF 1996 STUDIES AND RESULTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/573727</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project has been exploring the use of a general methodology to predict the impact of future Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts and technologies. In applying this methodology, the emphasis has been on the importance of modeling coordination and cooperation among the multiple agents within the system, and on the understanding how the interactions among these agents will be influenced as new roles, responsibilities, procedures, and technologies are introduced.  To accomplish this, data has been collected on performance under the current air traffic management systems, trying to identify critical problem areas and looking for examples suggestive of general approaches for solving such problems.  Based on the results of these field studies, a set of scenarios centered around potentials future system designs have been developed and studies have been conducted using these scenarios involving a total 40 controllers, dispatchers, pilots and traffic managers.  The purpose of this report is to provide NASA with an early summary of the major recommendations that have resulted from the research under the AATT Program thus far.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/573727</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>COMPUTERIZED OFFICE SUPPORT FOR STATE HIGHWAY-RAIL CROSSING PROGRAMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/471079</link>
      <description><![CDATA[State programs in grade crossing safety are an important and successful traffic safety initiative.  Their cost-benefit ratios are close to those achieved on all other highway safety projects.  Estimates suggest these railroad crossing improvements have contributed to an 88% reduction in fatalities and a 62% reduction in injuries.  While these achievements were obtained through the combined efforts of railroad companies and federal, state, and local governments, the primary responsibility for carrying out the program has fallen upon the states.  States have developed individual procedures in identifying and improving high-risk grade crossings.  These procedures, which constitute a naturally collaborative process, often lead to long periods of time between the initial identification of high-risk crossings and the physical installation of improvements.  Most states either have initiated action or are considering procedural changes to reduce these times.  One particularly beneficial action is a status tracking procedure.  Described here is a computerized office support system that combines status tracking and reporting capability with the ability to produce system-compiled documents necessary for the functioning of the office.  Alabama's Multimodal Office Support System (AlaMOSS) is designed to improve the productivity and effectiveness of Alabama's grade-crossing safety program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/471079</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAFETY THROUGH SELF-REGULATION: A ROAD MAP FOR AVIATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/466206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report provides a methodology for aviation organizations to follow in developing a self regulatory program through the implementation of safe operating practices.  The objective of this guideline is to improve safety within segments of the aviation industry by establishing recommended practices for training, operations and procedures.  The efforts of the National EMS Pilots Association are used to illustrate  the implementation and effectiveness of this type of program in building cohesion among operators and adopting consensus based Recommended Practices (RPs) for the industry to follow.  Steps towards creating similar programs are provided along with the summarized RPs adopted to date by NEMSPA.  This summary is provided to give the reader an understanding of the industry's objectives in establishing a form of self regulation and the accomplishments of the organization in achieving that goal.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/466206</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HISTORIC BRIDGES: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN SAFETY CONCERNS AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/460846</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Historic preservation legislation and grassroots efforts promoting preservation have grown over the years both in scope and in the amount of resources pledged to the cause.  Among the beneficiaries of these endeavors are historic bridges, which once lingered in the shadow of buildings and historic districts as protected properties.  The push to preserve historic bridges has evolved into a strong agenda, bolstered by legislation mandating the mitigation of harm to bridges by highway departments.  This report initially describes the background of the rise of bridges as preservation targets and the legislation supporting preservation efforts.  The two laws most important in the preservation of historic bridges are the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the Department of Transportation Act (DOT Act), both introduced in 1966.  NHPA Section 106 imposes demanding procedural requirements on highway departments pursuing projects within the NHPA's scope.  Section 4(f) of the DOT Act imposes substantive restrictions, preventing federal approval for projects that use historic properties unless it has been demonstrated that there is no feasible and prudent alternative to the use and that harm to the historic properties is being minimized.  The report next details the options available for dealing with historic bridges when they are deemed inadequate to serve the needs of the traveling public.  In such situations historic bridges may be rehabilitated for continued use or they may be replaced.  Rehabilitation is limited by the structural realities of old and deteriorated bridges.  Replacement may result in the destruction of the historic structure, but often this need not be the case.  Through adaptive reuse the original owner, or a new public or private owner, employs the old bridge at its site or at a new location for a new purpose.  The possibilities for adaptive reuse range from carrying pedestrians and bikers on a trail to hosting a restaurant.  Adaptive reuse's appeal is hindered by the potentially prohibitive costs associated with responsibility for an old bridge.  This section is followed by a case study that provides a concrete example of how the legislative regime and response options relating to inadequate historic bridges can have significant effects in Virginia.  The procedural requirements of Section 106 implicated by a Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) project to replace the historic Route 1 bridges over the North Anna River held the project in check for more than one year.  The example shows that despite the apparent lack of substantive bite, Section 106's procedural requirements can have substantial effects.  In concluding, the authors argue that the focus of federal legislation on historic preservation overlooks the issue of public safety, placing the importance of the continued existence of old bridges above the safe travel of the public.  Accordingly, the authors recommend that this legislation be amended to address the priority of public safety, and, in particular, to modify Section 4(f) to reduce its burden on highway departments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Sep 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/460846</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AIRCRAFT BOARDING EQUIPMENT FOR PASSENGERS IN WHEELCHAIRS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/460088</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report reviews the current practice in air travel for persons who use wheelchairs.  The report considers the travel process as being composed of individual links in a chain of events which must be successfully negotiated before the trip will be completed.  For the wheelchair traveler, the connection between the links often entails a transfer, and this is where special problems are encountered.  On a typical trip,  starting at check-in and arriving at baggage claim, a typical wheelchair passenger must be physically transferred two to six times, depending on type of aircraft.  The report notes current limitations with using the passenger's own wheelchair, the carrier's terminal chair, and the carrier's on-board chair, as well as the lack of technology to transfer passengers to and from seats.  The report recommends several ways of alleviating these problems by reducing the number of transfers required and by introducing new technologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jul 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/460088</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FRONT CAR RECOGNITION BY RULEBASED VIDEO IMAGE PROCESSING THROUGH WINDSHIELD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/462184</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A scene image through a windshield contains far more information than conventional sensor data.  Image processing, however, is much more difficult than one-dimensional time-series data analysis.  This paper assumes a color scene image through a windshield taken by a video camera and applies a rulebased pattern recognition method to identification of front cars.  The color image is first transformed into a gray image to shorten processing time.  A noise filtering is performed for the gray image, which is, in turn, segmented into tiny regions.  These regions are then grouped into a smaller number of larger regions. Labeling is now performed for each region.  Procedural and rulebased labeling aspects are briefly discussed.  Labeling is performed in the following order:  1) sky and road, 2) road lines and road boundary lines, 3) outside-road portions and additional road portions, 4) central cars, and 5) right or left cars.  Rules increase or decrease a score for a particular labeling, depending on features of a region being labeled.  Region features include gray or color intensities, centroid, width, height, area, direction, boundary, branching points on boundary, linearity, linear approximation, slenderness, adjacent regions, and adjacent directions.  A reasonable labeling is performed for a simple image.  A complicated image suggests that the use of additional road information from a map-based navigator would greatly facilitate the front car recognition in the scene.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Jun 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/462184</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY FOR THE MODERNIZATION OF TURKISH STATE RAILWAYS, PART A: FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/448391</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The study, conducted by IIT Research Institute, was funded by the U.S. Trade and Development Agency on behalf of the Turkish State Railways for the modernization of the railway system.  The objective of the study was to provide suggestions for improvements which required differing levels of required investment, from simple procedural improvements to major capital acquisitions.  It was performed in five technical areas, including traction motor shops, bogies and couplers, permanent way, training, and management information systems.  The report is divided into 9 volumes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Nov 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/448391</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF THE REVENUE COLLECTION SYSTEM RECONCILIATION PROCESS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/405373</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this report is to describe and analyze the equipment, procedures and security measures used in collecting and reconciling bus fare box revenue.  The process is followed completely from the deposit of fares into the farebox, through vaulting and emptying the cashbox, to counting and depositing the revenue into the bank.  During the course of this process, events occur that render the farebox data difficult to reconcile with the contents of the farebox cashbox.  The source of these difficulties could be electronic malfunctions in the farebox, communication glitches between the farebox and the data system, procedural elements, or some other difficulty in the system.  In the analysis, the process was  examined by observation and testing.  The tests were divided into three parts: In the first part, some predetermined fares were deposited into the farebox, this was then checked with the recorded and transmitted data to search for discrepancies.  The second part consisted of counting the contents of individual cashboxes and comparing what was counted with what the data reported.  The third and final part involved carefully counting the contents of a number of vaults and comparing those counts with the recorded data.  Findings, comments and recommendations are presented in this report.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/405373</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRANSIT LABOR PROTECTION--A GUIDE TO SECTION 13(C) FEDERAL TRANSIT ACT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/426604</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This digest contains a report prepared under TCRP Project J-5, "Legal Aspects of Transit and Intermodal Transportation Programs", for which the Transportation Research Board is the agency conducting the research.  The report has the same title as this digest and is authored by G. Kent Woodman, Jane Sutter Starke, and Leslie D. Schwartz.  Section 13(c) of the Federal Transit Act is an especially complex Federal requirement.  It has a unique history, which must be appreciated.  It is administered by two Federal agencies, primarily the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) and secondarily the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), which do not always share the same policies or interpretations.  Decisions regarding Section 13(c) are not generally published.  This report provides descriptions of how the Section 13(c) certification process works.  It should be a reference for attorneys, transit administrators, labor representatives, comptrollers, transit planning and grant officials, Metropolitan Planning Organizations, and local officials.  The contents are organized as follows:  Foreword; Introduction and Overview; (I) Background of Section 13(c) Labor Protection; (II) The Section 13(c) Process and Procedural Issues; (III) The Substantive Law of Section 13(c)--Major Issues and Decisions; and (IV) Conclusion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Jul 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/426604</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A GIS-AIDED PROCEDURE FOR CONVERTING CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/414682</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Census data provides valuable information for transportation planners; however, converting census data to traffic analysis zones (TAZ) data can be complex and error-prone.  This article provides a solution for managing those complexities--a geographic information systems (GIS)-aided conversion procedure.  For presentation purposes, the TAZ system of Gainesville, Florida, is used.  Data conversion fundamentals, including the potential problems of an area-to-area conversion process, are discussed and the setup procedure of GIS map layers is described.  Problems caused by noncoterminous TAZ and census boundaries are identified and discussed.  Finally, a three-stage GIS-aided procedure is presented, followed by recommendations and conclusions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Jan 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/414682</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APC PROCEDURES MANUAL: SEATTLE METRO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/374908</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Seattle Metro's automatic passenger counter (APC) program began in 1978 and is used to acquire accurate detailed information about passenger related activities, such as transit travel time, schedule adherence and FTA Section 15 requirements.  Currently, APC data are available for approximately 95 percent of weekday service and 75 percent of weekend service.  This APC Procedures Manual describes procedures for operating the APC system.  It is intended for Research and Market Strategy Division personnel or anyone who uses the APC system.  The APC Manual is divided into 7 sections: System Overview; General System Tools; Collection of APC Data; Processing Data; Analyzing and Reporting Data; Maintaining Data; Maintenance Hardware; and 2 Appendices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Aug 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/374908</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NONUNION GRIEVANCE ARBITRATION SYSTEMS IN THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR: A PROCEDURAL ANALYSIS. IN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING, TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH FORUM, OCTOBER 31 - NOVEMBER 2, 1991, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/366968</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents arbitration procedures analyses and explains the process of arbitration and mediation in transportation disputes. Explains six different transportation arbitration scenarios.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jan 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/366968</guid>
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