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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Optimal private housing supply under various schemes of public housing provision</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2540513</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Allocating land for public housing is an essential step in providing affordable housing for low-income citizens, as practiced in Hong Kong and Singapore. Locating public housing projects in suburban areas causes a spatial mismatch between public housing tenants and job opportunities, while placing public units in urban areas exacerbates the shortage of urban land, which may result in a more compact urban development that worsens the living conditions of urban private flats. The authors extend the stochastic bid-rent framework to derive the optimal supply decisions of profit-seeking developers under various schemes of public housing provision. The residence and travel choices of heterogeneous households are simulated under the optimal supply decisions. The authors find that placing a certain number of public flats in urban areas will lead to a higher profit for developers. With more public housing in urban areas, developers condense the urban development and provide more urban micro flats to capture the privilege of accessibility, which lowers the quality of private urban flats. On the other hand, compact development accommodates more residents in urban areas, thereby alleviating congestion in suburban areas. This improvement in accessibility, however, results in rent increases for suburban private flat residents, who will suffer a loss of consumer surplus. Similarly, policy measures that aim to improve living standards or shorten the commuting time for residents (e.g., imposing restrictions on minimum flat size or upgrading suburban transport facilities) may affect the welfare of other stakeholders adversely. Thus, it is unlikely that a land allocation that improves the welfare of all stakeholders can be found, rendering the importance of considering this trade-off judiciously.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2025 09:31:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2540513</guid>
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      <title>Private electric vehicle charger installation game in old communities considering benefit uncertainty: A two-layer coupled complex network perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2476320</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) hinges on reliable charging infrastructure. Private chargers, as the most ideal charging option, serve as a significant motivator for EV adoption. However, property companies in old communities often obstruct their installation. To address this installation dilemma, this study combines prospect theory with an evolutionary game model and develops a two-layer complex network for property companies and vehicle owners. The specific incentive and punishment measures and the influencing factors are analyzed through simulations. The results indicate that: 1) combining incentives and punishments for property companies, including maintenance fee and subsidy incentives, as well as monetary and non-monetary punishments, effectively solves the installation dilemma; 2) controlling property management costs, security risk losses, and fines is crucial for ensuring policy effectiveness; 3) high levels of psychological factors among players negatively affect decision-making when faced with uncertain benefits. However, targeted incentives and punishments effectively moderate these effects; 4) the proportions of positive strategies adopted by both players are higher in the Watts-Strogatz small-world network than in the Barabási–Albert scale-free network. This study offers valuable insights into policy measures and key factor control in private charger installation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Dec 2024 10:35:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2476320</guid>
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      <title>Sharing or privacy for private electric vehicle charging piles? Evidence from Chongqing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2359516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Private charging pile sharing (PCPS) is developing as a viable solution to the electric vehicle charging dilemma. However, few studies analyse the impact of the privacy paradox on PCPS schemes due to its prevalence in the sharing economy. Drawing on behavioural reasoning theory (BRT), the authors identify key constructs that influence the intention to participate in PCPS and reveal causal predictive links between them. Using a sample of 1005 potential private charger owners collected from Chongqing, China, they find that the desire to share and privacy concerns are two significant constructs, confirming the existence of a privacy paradox in PCPS. They also find that reasons for sharing and attitudes mediate the relationship between the desire to share and intention, whereas the relationship between privacy concerns and intention is mediated only by reasons against sharing. Herd mentality only moderates the relationship between reasons against sharing and intention, but not the relationship between reasons for sharing, attitude and intention. Moreover, they conducted a multi-group analysis on four variables: gender, age, education and monthly income, indicating a few heterogeneous effects. Their study contributes to the literature on PCPS by identifying the role of the reasons for and the reasons against participating in PCPS and by demonstrating the existence of the privacy paradox in the PCPS market. They also extend the BRT framework by identifying the moderating role of herd mentality between reasoning, attitudes and sharing intentions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2024 09:48:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2359516</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Exploring the Potential of Sharing Private Charging Posts: A Data-Driven Micro-Simulation Approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2292327</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The lack of charging infrastructure has been one of the main barriers to the uptake of electric vehicles (EVs), and sharing private charging facilities could be a promising solution. This paper explored the potential of private home charging post sharing (PHCPS) (specifically, the impact of PHCPS on the usage of EVs and public and private charging posts) in Beijing using a data-driven micro-simulation approach. In the simulation, EV users’ travel and charging behaviors were defined with empirical findings from a trajectory dataset collected from over 76,000 private EVs in January of 2018. The authors quantified the potential by comparing the results of simulations with and without PHCPS. In the baseline scenario, they found that PHCPS gave rise to 6.32% increase in the proportion of parking events with accessible charging posts and 33.37% decrease in the average electricity provided by a public charging post on a working day. The results suggest that PHCPS could provide more charging opportunities for private EV users and decrease private EV users’ dependence on public charging stations, revealing the great potential of promoting PHCPS in the EV charging market.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2023 12:07:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2292327</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Access Guide For Snowmobiling On Private and Public Lands: A Resource Manual for
Associations, Clubs, and Trail Managers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1987507</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This guide was developed to assist snowmobile clubs, associations, and trail managers with obtaining permission to access private and public lands for snowmobile trails. Chapters outline: issues related to private lands access including private landowner liability and types of permissions; how to work with public land managers and the public participation process; and tools and best practices for improving and retaining access. Examples are included of written agreements, permission forms, and trail signing. The appendix includes laws and regulations related to snowmobile access.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Jul 2022 09:25:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1987507</guid>
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      <title>Exact Formulation and Comparison Between the User Optimum and System Optimum Solution for Routing Privately Owned Automated Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1675647</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The possibility of having driverless cars on the streets seems to be more real than ever. In this paper, the authors focus on developing exact methods that can determine the effects of privately owned automated vehicles (AVs) and how switching to those vehicles is going to change mobility in urban environments. The considered problem determines the routes of family owned AVs that minimize the transportation costs of that family while considering the possibility of using public transport as an alternative for some trips. They introduce a novel exact linear formulation for this problem which includes a linearized traffic congestion model and which is able to solve the user and system optimum variant of the problem to optimality. The introduced formulation can easily be adapted to consider the current situation with conventional vehicles and a situation where not only the travel time costs of the driver but also costs of the other passengers are taken into account. The main advantage of their novel formulation is that the optimal results can be obtained to explore potential changes of flows with vehicle automation in small networks. They investigated the behavior of the system, given the described scenarios, by applying their formulation to a case study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2020 14:25:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1675647</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Who owns the Moon, Mars, and other celestial bodies : lunar jurisprudence in corpus juris spatialis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1490485</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2017 10:27:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1490485</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ordering the cosmos : private law and celestial property rights</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1487292</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Nov 2017 11:24:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1487292</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Analysis of Transportation and Other Variables Upon Sale Price of Commercial Real Property in Kansas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1393454</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since the days of Nollan v. California Coastat Comm’n (1987), Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council (1992), Dolan v. City of Tigard (1994), and Kelo et al. v. City of New London et al. (2005), transportation authorities have struggled with how to apply a “balancing test” when it comes to transportation policy versus private property.  Yet, application of the balancing test in the field of access management has proven to be difficult, even haphazard.  Work in NCHRP 420: Impacts of Access Management Techniques (1999) shows how effective access management at the network level preserves or restores market penetration of commercial activities in a given area.  Work done in Florida (1991), Iowa (1997), and Texas (1999) studied the effects of access management retrofits at the corridor level, and found minimal to positive changes in economic activity.  Likewise, small studies of economic impacts to individual sites has been conducted in Kansas (1999), and Minnesota (2006) and have demonstrated little to positive impacts to highest and best use arising from access management retrofits.   The site (microscopic) level studies are of individual corridors or smaller data sets, and are largely qualitative analyses of economic effects of access at the microscopic level.  Quantitative analysis is needed on a large data population to examine the factors that most impact sale price of income producing properties.  The purpose of this paper is to present the effects of access and other transportation characteristics upon sale price of income producing real property, and the implications to the balancing test.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 09:47:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1393454</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Traffic Signs on Private Property</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1366345</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article examines the guidelines for posting traffic signs on private roads that are open to the public. The primary guidelines are set forth in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), the national standard for all traffic control devices installed on any street, highway or bicycle trail open to public travel. In addition to this manual, the article also discusses two other traffic sign reference guides: the 2004 Standard Highway Signs Manual and an AASHTO publication listing various related resources. A number of questions related to highway signs on private property and their answers from MUTCD are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2015 16:30:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1366345</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A brief introduction to London's underground railways and land use</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1306510</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The most common perception of London's underground railways and land use is that the railway stimulated suburban development and growth of the city. However, the interface between the railway, private property interests, and urban and suburban development is much more complicated than this. This paper introduces a brief overview of the interrelationship between the railway and land use in the central zone of London and some of the complexities involved with the presence of the railway and the development or use of adjoining lands. As this topic appears to be little discussed, evidence is used from London Underground records and specialist knowledge to form the argument that the topic should have greater discussion academically and practically.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 May 2014 15:22:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1306510</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Equal Protection in Property and Planning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1218529</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Private property owners occasionally chafe and complain and even bring suit when the right to use their property is subjected to government interference. One of the most maddening forms of government interference is a policy that appears to burden an owner's property differently than other property that appears to be similarly situated. This is especially galling when the burden seems harsh. For property owners experiencing this discrimination, the remedy should be the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. However, equal protection claims, in the context of planning and land use decisions involving property interests, are generally a losing proposition. Equal protection claims against governments tend to fail because of the standard of review used by courts. This standard is (for plaintiff property owners) the dreaded rational basis review, which inevitably means the plaintiff property owner loses. In recent years, a handful of successful equal protection cases have arisen where plaintiffs have alleged that they were so singularly picked on that they became a "class of one." Even so, such successful cases are exceptionally rare and carry with them a difficult burden, which is to demonstrate official government malice or animus toward the plaintiff.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2013 09:00:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1218529</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>North Carolina “Sealed Corridor” Phase IV Assessment – Private Crossings</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1216930</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Department of Transportation’s (USDOT) Federal Railroad Administration tasked the USDOT Research and Innovative Technology Administration’s John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center to document the success of the safety improvements at private highway-rail grade crossings along the Charlotte to Raleigh portion of the Southeast High-Speed Rail (SEHSR) Corridor. This set of safety improvements, implemented during Phase IV of North Carolina Department of Transportation’s (NCDOT) Sealed Corridor project, targeted the private crossings along that segment of the SEHSR corridor. The Sealed Corridor program aimed at improving or consolidating every highway-rail grade crossing, public and private, along the Charlotte to Raleigh rail route. The research on the Sealed Corridor private crossings, conducted from October 2008 to February 2010, assessed the progress made at the 44 crossings between Charlotte and Raleigh that have been treated with improved warning devices or closed from 1990 through 2008. Two approaches were used to describe benefits in terms of lives saved: a fatal crash analysis to derive estimated lives saved and prediction of lives saved based on the reduction of risk at the treated crossings. Both methods estimated that over 1.5 lives have been potentially saved at private crossings as a result of the 44 improvements implemented through 2008. Analysis also shows that the resulting reduction in incidents, as a result of the crossing improvements, is sustainable through 2010, when anticipated exposure and train speeds along the corridor will increase.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Oct 2012 15:44:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1216930</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Zombie Defense and Survival Kit</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1148143</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The collapse of the real estate market has left many subdivisions unfinished.  These subdivisions are referred to as “zombies,” and they present a significant challenge to planners.  This article describes how Nashville, Tennessee is reviving their zombies.  After revising their subdivision policies to prevent future occurrences of default and subdivision abandonment, Metro Nashville’s planners and lawyers developed a mechanism to work with the banks that owned the foreclosed properties to complete infrastructure.  Metro Nashville handled each case differently, according to what had already been built and what still needed to be done.  Although some of the cases are very complex and have yet to be resolved, improvements such as road paving, stormwater drainage, sidewalks and soil stabilization have been completed or scheduled for several zombie subdivisions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Aug 2012 08:54:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1148143</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Valuation of Indirect Losses Due to Proximity Damages on Residential Property in Idaho</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/915616</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, a six region forecasting model was developed to explain residential property values in Idaho based on multivariate regression analysis with an additional seventh category of rural residential sales added to the model in 2004. The model uses factors, or characteristics that commonly affect the sales price of a home and less common characteristics such as street-traffic classification and setback from the street or road, to conclude what portion of home value is attributable to proximity and to street-traffic classifications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2010 07:15:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/915616</guid>
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