<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Reentry Workforce Training Pilot Programs for Incarcerated Individuals</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2452594</link>
      <description><![CDATA[State departments of transportation are turning to recruitment programs geared toward the incarcerated population to fill the growing workforce shortage in transportation. This article describes pilot programs that the Federal Highway Administration began funding in two states to fill this need. The pilot programs were inspired by the Justice40 Initiative and set out to create equity by providing resources and employment opportunities for financial, mental, academic, physical, and emotional stability. The pilot programs set out to offer supportive services (e.g., housing and transportation assistance, work uniforms and personal protection equipment, and abuse counseling); life skills training (e.g., financial literacy and driver’s license recovery); and workforce certifications (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s Safety and Health Fundamentals Certificate Program, a commercial driver’s license, and heavy equipment operator certification).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Nov 2024 14:21:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2452594</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Training Process in a Hierarchical Organization</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2370863</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Purpose: This paper investigates the training process within a hierarchical organization, focusing on the effectiveness of professional training for officers in the Polish Prison Service. The primary purpose is to identify factors influencing training outcomes and propose directions for improvement, considering the concept of sustainable development. Methodology: The study employs a combination of survey data, interviews, and analysis of training participants, educational staff, and experts. By examining various elements, such as instructor knowledge, teaching methods, and curriculum content, the research aims to understand the determinants of practical training. Results: The study reveals that instructor expertise, active involvement in training, and the quality of teaching materials significantly impact training effectiveness. Additionally, the paper suggests several measures to enhance the training process, including increased instructional hours, revised organization and content, and active learning methods and simulations. Theoretical Contribution: This research contributes to the field by emphasizing the importance of sustainable development principles in shaping effective training practices. Organizations can better prepare their officers for professional challenges by aligning training processes with broader societal goals. Practical Implications: For practitioners, the findings offer helpful insights into optimizing training programs, fostering skill development, and ultimately enhancing the performance of officers within the hierarchical structure of the Prison Service.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 May 2024 10:43:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2370863</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Efficient GRASP solution approach for the Prisoner Transportation Problem</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2109882</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Every day, resources are allocated to the transportation of prisoners to and from services such as hospitals and court proceedings. The optimal allocation of the resources – such as protected vehicles, drivers, and guards – is a complex task that requires significant efforts of human planners. For this reason, a recent paper described the Prisoner Transportation Problem (PTP), that aims to optimize the transportation of convicts between origin–destination pairs within pre-defined time windows. In addition to the similarities with the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, the PTP presents many additional challenges induced by the use of multi-comparted vehicles and incompatibility constraints, related to the safety of both prisoners and personnel.To efficiently solve the PTP, this paper proposes a GRASP approach, that was tested on a dataset of real-size instances, and the results show significant improvements with respect to the only competing approach proposed in the literature, both in terms of solution quality and computational times required to find them.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Feb 2023 17:06:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2109882</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Towards a Reentry Mobilities Assemblage: An Exploration of Transportation and Obligation Among Returning Citizens</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2004805</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transportation has been identified as one of the major barriers to successful reentry for prisoners released to community in the United States. The authors foregrounded transportation and mobility in their design consistent with the new mobilities paradigm and investigated the mobility needs of returning citizens from the perspective of service providers and employers in Dallas, Texas. They interviewed 17 participants who directly served returning citizens in their professional roles as part of a conventional content analytic design that focused specifically on transportation and mobility among their clients. The findings include five primary themes: 1) Returning citizens rely primarily on public transit; 2) Access to cars is rare, complicated, but advantageous; 3) Support lays a road to successful reentry; 4) Transportation is critical for successful reentry, and; 5) Returning citizens face a complex network of obligations. The authors utilized mobilities literature and assemblage thinking to interpret their findings as an expansion of the carceral mobilities literature both conceptually and geo-spatially as a reentry mobility assemblage. The paper concludes with a consideration of the possibilities for social service practice, research, and pedagogy through a mobilities lens.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Sep 2022 09:12:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2004805</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>When German prisoners-of-war rode the Pennsy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1123722</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Dec 2011 10:58:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1123722</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMPAIRED DRIVERS: VOLUME ONE - PROBLEMS, PREVENTION PROGRAMS, AND PENALTIES; VOLUME TWO - INCARCERATION, COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS AND ALTERNATIVE SENTENCING PROGRAMS; VOLUME 3 - DEVELOPING A COMPREHENSIVE COMMUNITY SANCTIONING POLICY; VOLUME 4 - REFERENCES AND RESOURCES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/725595</link>
      <description><![CDATA[During a 24-month period the National Sheriff's Association (NSA) developed a series of publications (this four volume effort) focusing on the types of programming best suited for removing impaired drivers from the nation's highways.  The objective of this grant project was to produce a state-of-the-art publication to help communities learn what works, how to prevent impaired drivers from getting behind the wheel, what community corrections alternatives for incarceration are available for the treatment of impaired drivers, what jail or prison treatment and rehabilitation programs work, judicial programs, legislative issues and programs which are effective for juvenile impaired drivers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Dec 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/725595</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAFETY BENEFITS OF HIGHLY REFLECTIVE TRAFFIC SIGNS AND PAVEMENT MARKINGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/679983</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study reviews the current state of the art in sign retroreflectivity, provides an overview of the sign technology and retroreflectivity standards currently used in British Columbia, and qualifies the benefits of using highly reflective materials to determining whether an investment in new sign and pavement marking technology is worthwhile from safety perspective.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Jun 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/679983</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRIP GENERATION RATES OF CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/650622</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the planning of a system of new regional jails in West Virginia, a general lack of trip generation data for correctional facilities was noted.  Consequently, five regional jails and one federal correctional facility in West Virginia were studied. First, trip rates were calculated exclusively for the regional jails.  Since the regional jails were a homogenous grouping of correctional facilities with respect to facility type and size, the trip rates calculated for the regional jails are believed to be reliable.  Second, the regional jail data were synthesized with data from the Institute of Transportation Engineers and the federal correctional facility in West Virginia.  These facilities were not homogenous with respect to size or facility type.  It was determined that both the facility type (prison versus jail) and size have a significant impact on the trip rate.  Trip rates were calculated for the more generalized grouping of "correctional facilities" based on the synthesized database. However,  users are cautioned to adjust the trip rates to reflect actual conditions with respect to facility type, size, and visitation policy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 18 Mar 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/650622</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IMPRISONMENT AND ITS ALTERNATIVES: SELECTED CURRENT EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN SOURCES.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/562126</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 May 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/562126</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRISONERS OF WAR VS. INTERNEES: THE MERCHANT MARINER EXPERIENCE OF WORLD WAR II.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/553039</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Mar 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/553039</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE LAW OF HIGHWAY CONTRACTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/128398</link>
      <description><![CDATA[COVERED IN THIS SPECIAL REPORT ARE THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: (1) CAPACITIES OF PARTIES TO CONTRACT, (2) ANTI-FRAUD PROVISIONS, (3) COMPETITIVE BIDDING, (4) CRITERIA FOR HIGHWAY CONTRACT AWARD, (5) CONTRACTOR'S BONDING, (6) STATUTORY REGULATION OF SUBSTANCE OF CONTRACT, (7) PERFORMANCE, AND (8) MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS INCLUDING CONVICT LABOR.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Aug 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/128398</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ALTERNATIVES TO TRADITIONAL INCARCERATION FOR SERIOUS TRAFFIC OFFENDERS. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/404809</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study evaluated the possible use of alternatives to traditional incarceration for serious traffic offenders. Traffic offenders pose less of a risk to the public than the rest of the incarcerated population and, if ways can be found to keep them from driving, could be targeted for alternative sanctions.  License suspension and revocation appear to decrease recidivism more than do incarceration and treatment, but many suspended drivers continue to drive.  The effectiveness of license actions may be increased by vehicle actions such as impoundment, confiscation, and visibly identifying vehicles owned by drivers with suspended or revoked licenses.  Ignition interlock devices bar a driver from driving while under the influence.  They are more effective at deterring recidivism than are license actions and could be a good candidate for a pilot program.  Since studies of treatment programs have found discouraging results, it is recommended that treatment always be accompanied by other punitive actions.  Intensive supervision programs and electronic monitoring have been regarded as effective and, if used for offenders who otherwise would be incarcerated, can reduce corrections costs.  Community service, although widely used, does not have a research foundation to support or discourage its use.  Treatment/work release facilities allow for heightened incapacitation and show promise as an effective deterrent.  It is recommended that the Commonwealth look into establishing a pilot program.  Because it is judges who impose sanctions, it is recommended that they be informed of the effectiveness and risks associated with the alternatives at their disposal.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/404809</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A COMPILATION OF STATE LAWS AFFECTING THE OPERATIONS OF THE TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/125445</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CONTENTS: STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM COUNTY HIGHWAY SYSTEM MUNICIPAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM MISCELLANEOUS ROAD SYSTEMS FEDERAL-STATE RELATIONS: HIGHWAY SYSTEMS EMINENT DOMAIN PRISON AND CONVICT LABOR MOTOR VEHICLES: SIZE, WEIGHT, LOAD, FEES PUBLIC UTILITIES AND CARRIERS OUTDOOR ADVERTISING CRIMINAL OFFENSE]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Apr 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/125445</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE VIRGINIA HABITUAL OFFENDER ACT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/383963</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1968, Virginia passed the Habitual Offender Act (the Act), one of the first laws in the United States directed at motorists who repeatedly violate traffic laws.  Persons convicted as habitual offenders are subject to long-term license revocation, and those who violate this revocation may be incarcerated.  A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Act in enhancing traffic safety in Virginia.  A sizable number of individuals whose driving records include a sufficient number of convictions to allow the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles to certify them as habitual offenders are never brought before the courts on the charge.  The existence of such a group of certified yet nonadjudicated habitual offenders is an indication that the procedures implementing the Act need to be changed to promote a more global implementation.  However, the existence of this group allowed the researchers to compare a sample of certified habitual offenders with a group that had been adjudicated.  In general, the adjudicated group had more prior convictions for driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, and the certified group had more convictions for operating under a suspended operator's license and more convictions that were defined as minor offenses under the Act.  However, the adjudicated group had fewer subsequent traffic convictions and crashes and were conviction-free and crash-free for a longer period of time.  These data indicate that adjudication under the Act may enhance traffic safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/383963</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE VIRGINIA HABITUAL OFFENDER ACT. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/380092</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1968, Virginia passed the Habitual Offender Act (the Act), one of the first laws in the United States directed at motorists who repeatedly violate traffic laws.  Persons adjudicated as habitual offenders are subject to long-term license revocation, and those who violate this revocation may be incarcerated.  This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Act in enhancing traffic safety in Virginia.  A sizable number of individuals whose driving records include a sufficient number of convictions to allow DMV to certify them as habitual offenders are never brought before the courts on the charge.  The existence of such a group of certified yet nonadjudicated habitual offenders is an indication that the procedures implementing the Act need to be changed to promote a more global implementation.  However, the existence of this group allowed the researchers to compare a sample of certified habitual offenders to a group of adjudicated habitual offenders.  In general, the adjudicated group had more prior DUI convictions and the certified group had more convictions for operating under a suspended operator's license and more convictions for minor offenses as defined under the Act.  However, the adjudicated group had fewer subsequent traffic convictions and crashes and were conviction free and crash free for a longer period of time. These data indicate that adjudication under the Act may enhance traffic safety.  Since adjudicated habitual offenders may be incarcerated for not less than 12 months for violating the habitual offender revocation, the researchers also examined the population of incarcerated habitual offenders.  The investigation showed that as of September 1, 1991, between 864 and 1,219 habitual offenders had been incarcerated under the provisions of the Act.  Only an additional 385 non-habitual offenders had been incarcerated as of that date for other traffic convictions.  The researchers recommend several changes in the procedures and record keeping implemented under the Act. Further, they recommend a number of enhancements to the habitual offender program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Oct 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/380092</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>