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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Design and Analysis of a Large Hydraulic Cylinder Maintenance Device</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2742563</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Addressing the challenges in maintaining large hydraulic cylinders and the lack of specialized equipment, this study presents a dedicated maintenance system developed through a case study of a large hydraulic lifting cylinder. Through a comprehensive analysis of maintenance requirements, we developed a six-component maintenance system comprising a foundation base, a mounting bracket, a cylinder support frame, a piston rod bracket, a drive cylinder bracket, and hydraulic components. The paper systematically explains the structural configurations and functional specifications of each component, details the operational workflow of the maintenance system, and conducts theoretical design and strength verification for critical load-bearing brackets using principles from theoretical mechanics and structural mechanics. A static analysis module from ANSYS Workbench finite element software was employed to validate the overall structure. Results demonstrate that the key components meet operational strength requirements. This innovative maintenance system proves highly feasible and serves as a valuable reference for designing similar hydraulic cylinder systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Aug 2026 15:36:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2742563</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An experimental investigation on the active piston pin oil supply on a high-speed diesel engine under deformation influence</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689373</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Within this work an existing active lubrication system, that is, a direct feed of lubrication oil from the connecting rod big end bearing to the small end bearing, is investigated in detail on a high-speed Diesel engine by measurement and simulation. The methodology includes the insertion of three highly dynamic pressure sensors and two temperature sensors into the feed bore in the connecting rod, supplemented by a deformation measurement of the connecting rod small end and the measurement of the piston pin rotation by means of a GMR (Giant Magnetoresistance) sensor. In addition to an evaluation of the basic behavior at different speed and load points up to n = 1961 min⁻¹ and pₘₐₓ = 220 bar, the sensitivity of the system on engine boundary conditions such as the gallery pressure level and the delivery volume of the piston cooling jet is analyzed. In addition, a hardware variant with a modified inlet groove geometry of the big end bearing shell is investigated. An accompanying FE (finite elements) analysis provides information on the deformation modes and the lubricant pressure distribution in the small end bearing. An accompanying 1-D flow simulation matched with measurement data enables the assessment of the oil transport behavior as well as the derivation of an optimal feed bore entry position. The measurement methodology with a GMR sensor proved to be a robust source of high quality data. The piston pin rotation showed a solely negative direction in relation to the crankshaft rotation. Key findings are the consistent pin rotation behavior corresponding to changes in the lubrication conditions, the possibility to improve lubrication supply by a modified big end inlet groove geometry and the significance of the positioning of the feed bore inlet as a high sensitivity of the transported oil mass is observed in the 1-D flow simulation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 09:23:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689373</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on The Evaluation Method of Piston Slap Using Engine Background Noise</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2695901</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Previous piston slap noise predictions using simulation models evaluated indicators such as the piston's kinetic energy and the cylinder block's wall vibrations, but these have not always aligned with auditory evaluations. In this study, we quantified the exceedance value using cylinder block vibrations and engine background noise to establish an effective detection method for piston slap based on a predictive model. As a result, a good correlation with auditory evaluations was confirmed. Consequently, this approach enabled the prediction of piston slap noise in newly developed engines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 09:23:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2695901</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coupled 2D–3D CFD approach for innovative simulation of train slipstream in tunnels</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687121</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aerodynamic slipstream generated by high-speed trains in tunnels results from the combined effects of the piston wind generated before the train arrival and the local near-train flow. Traditional moving-mesh CFD simulations can reproduce these phenomena with fidelity but at a considerably high computational cost, limiting their use in large parametric or design studies. This work introduces and validates a novel CFD framework that decouples the train–tunnel aerodynamics into two components: a two-dimensional moving-mesh simulation for the piston-wind evolution and a three-dimensional steady-domain simulation with fixed mesh for the near-field slipstream. The methodology is validated against full-scale and reduced-scale reference cases, showing good agreement with experimental data and fully unsteady simulations. The framework also proves its applicability through representative case studies with different tunnel blockages. The proposed approach achieves substantial computational savings, up to two orders of magnitude for the piston-wind estimation and nearly threefold for the near-field simulation, while maintaining physical consistency with the confined flow. It therefore offers an efficient and reliable tool for aerodynamic analysis in railway tunnels, enabling sensitivity and comparative studies that are currently impractical with conventional CFD and supporting engineering and industrial applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2026 16:34:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687121</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of Engine Geometries on the Combustion Characteristics of a Heavy-Duty Hydrogen Spark-Ignition Engine</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717287</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For heavy-duty applications, hydrogen (H2) internal combustion engines offer a practical solution for future transportation. However, the influence of cylinder head flow characteristics and piston geometry on lean H2 combustion remains insufficiently understood. This study presents a comprehensive computational investigation of three engine configurations characterized by distinct in-cylinder flow dynamics: mild swirl and tumble (Engine a), strong tumble (Engine b), and strong swirl (Engine c). High-fidelity three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed for both port-fuel injection (PFI) and direct injection (DI) strategies. The impact of piston geometry was evaluated by comparing the baseline piston with a flat piston, while the spark timing was optimized to achieve favorable combustion phasing. Combustion and NOx formation were modeled using a G-equation-based combustion framework incorporating diffusive-thermal instability effects and a validated in-house H2 chemical mechanism. Turbulence-flame interactions were further characterized using Borghi-Peters diagrams. Under PFI operation, the strong-tumble configuration (Engine b) generated the highest turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), resulting in faster flame propagation, more advanced combustion phasing, and improved thermal efficiency. The flat piston further enhanced efficiency by reducing mixture confinement within piston-induced recirculation zones. Under DI operation, H2 injection significantly increased turbulence intensity, and a flat piston promoted higher TKE near spark timing in Engines b and c by reducing mixture-wall interaction, leading to faster combustion compared with the baseline piston. In contrast, the original piston produced higher TKE within the piston bowl in Engine a due to stronger recirculation. Additionally, the strong-tumble configuration achieved the most homogeneous mixture distribution under DI conditions. These results demonstrate that in-cylinder flow structure, piston geometry, and DI injection strongly affect turbulence generation, mixture formation, and combustion performance. The strong-tumble configuration shows the greatest potential for achieving high thermal efficiency with controlled emissions in lean H2 spark ignition engines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 10:34:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717287</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Predictive Methodology for 3D-CFD Simulation of Piston Thermal Field in Sustainable High-Performance Engines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717253</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, especially in high-performance spark-ignition engines, the thermal stress of pistons has gradually increased due to the implementation of various technologies, aimed at meeting emission reduction and specific power increase requirements. If the heat is not properly dissipated, cracking and plastic deformation of the material as well as formation of hot spots triggering pre-ignition in the combustion chamber mixture can occur. This last aspect is even more true considering innovative fuels such as hydrogen. To overcome these problems, one or more jets of oil are directed towards the piston under-crown region, impacting at high speed. This technique ensures immediate cooling and allows the engine performance to be increased without compromising the useful life.In order to optimize the oil jet effectiveness, 3D-CFD can be proficiently adopted. In this regard, the aim of this work is to define a robust numerical methodology able to simulate oil jet impingement and piston thermal field. In particular, a 3D-CFD Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) simulation is used to numerically assess the oil jet impact and provide a map of heat transfer coefficients, which, in turn, is adopted in a 3D-CHT model to estimate the piston thermal field.The proposed methodology is validated against experimental data on a high-performance engine piston. In particular, a pair of oil jets is investigated and the resulting heat transfer coefficient map is exploited to obtain the thermal field of the piston, which is finally compared to the available experimental temperature measurements. The results show that the predicted temperatures agree with the experimental data within an error lower than 2.5%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 10:34:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717253</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation into Cooling Loss Reduction Associated with Changes in In-Cylinder Flame Distribution by Offset Orifice Nozzle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717222</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An increase in compression ratio has been widely recognized as one of the essential technologies for improving the thermal efficiency of heavy-duty diesel engines. However, a higher compression ratio tends to result in increased cooling loss, which could diminish the thermal efficiency gains. It was found that an offset orifice nozzle, in which the orifices are drilled with a small offset from the radial center of the nozzle, improves thermal efficiency and reduces cooling loss simultaneously. This study investigates the mechanism of cooling-loss reduction associated with changes in flame distribution when using an offset orifice nozzle, through in-cylinder combustion observations, two-color method image analysis, and local heat-flux measurements. High-speed combustion visualization was conducted to capture the growth of luminous flames. Radial profiles of the mean and standard deviation were computed at each crank angle to quantify spatial temperature non-uniformity. Furthermore, multiple thin-film thermocouples embedded in the piston were employed to measure transient surface temperature and to derive heat flux over the entire cycle. The results indicated that the luminous flame distribution with the offset orifice nozzle was significantly different from that with a conventional nozzle, leading to reduction in the spatial non-uniformity of high-temperature regions in the observed area. The piston surface temperature measured at multiple points suggested reduced spatial non-uniformity in surface temperature, with suppressed instantaneous heat flux. These findings confirm the hypothesis that cooling-loss reduction is achieved by suppressing localized hot spots on the piston surface through the altered flame distribution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 10:34:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717222</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development and Validation of a One-Dimensional Model for an Opposed-Piston Free-Piston Engine Generator with Parametric Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717220</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Opposed-piston free-piston engine generators (OFPEGs) are emerging as a promising technology for next-generation hybrid and electrified transportation systems due to their high efficiency, reduced mechanical complexity, and improved noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics. However, due to eliminating the conventional crankshaft mechanism and directly coupling a free-piston engine with linear generators, performance of OFPEG systems is governed by a strong coupling between piston dynamics, in-cylinder combustion processes, and electrical loading conditions. This coupling presents substantial challenges for system design, control, and optimization, limiting the further development and application of OFPEGs. Existing researches lack a comprehensive numerical model that integrates detailed in-cylinder thermodynamic process with control system of linear generator, and quantitative analysis of the effect of piston motion trajectory on system performance remains insufficiently explored. In this study, a novel one-dimensional OFPEG model is developed in Gasdyn and coupled with a linear motor model and a control strategy in MATLAB/Simulink, thus forming a complete numerical model for OFPEG. The model is validated against experimental measurements, demonstrating effective prediction of thermodynamic and dynamic performance with acceptable errors. Based on the validated model, the effects of varying piston motion trajectory on system performance are analyzed. Lower Rt and higher Ωcom and Ωexp are recommended for higher performance. When Rt is reduced to 2.5:1, thermal efficiency and indicated power improve to 36.3% and 3.4 kW, respectively. When Ωcom is increased to 0.6, thermal efficiency and indicated power improve to 35.5% and 3.22 kW, respectively. When Ωexp is increased to 0.6, thermal efficiency and indicated power improve to 36.0% and 3.41 kW, respectively. These improvements are primarily attributed to reduced heat transfer losses and enhanced scavenging efficiency under the modified trajectories. The results provide valuable insights into the optimization of piston motion trajectory to achieve higher performance. Furthermore, the proposed numerical model provides an effective tool for OFPEG design, optimization, and control strategy development, supporting the advancement of high-efficiency, low-carbon OFPEG systems for future transportation applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 10:34:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717220</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CFD-Guided DoE-ML Optimization Methods in a Heavy-Duty Hydrogen Engine</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692273</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study introduces a CFD-guided design of experiments (DoE) and machine learning (ML) framework for the co-optimization of piston and pre-chamber geometries in a passive pre-chamber heavy-duty hydrogen engine operating at medium and low loads. Starting from a reference configuration, an omega-type piston and a methane-optimized pre-chamber, the design space was parameterized using seven geometric variables. A Sobol sequence was employed to generate 96 randomized design variants in the DoE, each evaluated through high-fidelity 3D-CFD simulations to capture key combustion and performance metrics. The resulting dataset served as the foundation for developing and evaluating several ML regression models. A rigorous ML workflow was adopted, featuring 5-fold cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning via Bayesian optimization to ensure generalization and robustness. Model selection was based on multi-metric performance criteria including prediction accuracy, error stability, and sensitivity to design changes. The selected model demonstrated strong predictive capabilities across the design space and was integrated into an iterative optimization loop that continuously refined geometry predictions by incorporating additional CFD runs. This adaptive simulation-learning framework led to improved model accuracy and enabled rapid exploration of high-potential design regions. Beyond reducing time for technology deployment relative to expert-guided design strategies, the ML models offered interpretability by exposing key geometric sensitivities and highlighting high-impact design directions for enhanced hydrogen combustion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692273</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Achieving 70% Urban Fuel Consumption Reduction: An Opposed-Piston Engine-Based Mild-Hybrid Powertrain Architecture for Light Commercial Vehicles (JLA-2/JLA-T)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692254</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper proposes a novel powertrain architecture for the urban Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV) segment, leveraging the compact JLA-2 opposed-piston (OP) engine paired with the reconfigurable JLA-T mild-hybrid architecture. Within SAE literature, OP engines are consistently associated with simplicity. As highlighted by Tom Ryan III (2008 SAE President) in the foreword of Opposed Piston Engines: Evolution, Use, and Future Applications, this architecture is characterized by its manufacturing simplicity” and described as a “relatively simple, robust, and cost effective” power unit solution. The present work builds on this established view. The JLA-2 engine solves traditional packaging constraints by reducing the block width by 30% for horizontal installation and is volumetrically self-sufficient, eliminating external compressors. Although the gear train required for crank synchronization introduces design challenges, explicitly accounted for in our model, the elimination of the cylinder head and valve train reduces component count. The study utilizes a comprehensive computational methodology—incorporating 0D/1D thermodynamics, 3D CFD, and FEA—to evaluate the system against a standard Ford Escape baseline. The JLA-T module mechanically blends torque using a planetary gear-set and a low-voltage 48V electric assist, capturing electrification benefits without the high costs and safety complexities of high-voltage systems. Simulation results suggest significant performance improvements, notably achieving a sub-9-second 0-100 km/h acceleration and enabling Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) compliance in restricted zones. Most significantly, the analysis indicates that this platform delivers up to a 70% reduction in urban fuel consumption when operated as a PHEV, driven by the system’s modularity and optimized energy recovery. This paper presents the system architecture, control logic, and performance comparisons, demonstrating a feasible technical pathway for decarbonizing urban transport fleets. (Note: “JLA” serves as the proprietary designation for the engine and electromechanical hybrid system series proposed by the authors).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692254</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title> CFD Investigation of Oil Ingestion and Aeration in a V6 Engine Oil Pan During Vehicle Maneuvers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692010</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A computational investigation was carried out using SimericsMP+ to analyze oil distribution and aeration behavior in a V6 engine oil pan during severe vehicle maneuvers. The model accounted for the crankshaft/camshaft rotations and piston motions, which allows for capturing realistic oil distribution in cylinder head drainbacks, engine bay and sump after initializing the crankcase with prescribed oil levels to establish baseline aeration prior to applying dynamic maneuver profiles. Of particular interest was the response of the main oil gallery (MOG) pressure and the exposure of the oil pickup tube during kickoff conditions at multiple fill levels. Both a baseline configuration and a modified sump featuring a containment “doghouse” were examined. Results obtained from the kickoff maneuver show complete uncovering of the pickup tube in the baseline design, leading to unstable lubrication. The first doghouse design only delayed pickup tube uncovering briefly, as oil pooled at the rear gap and air ingestion still occurred. Full fill avoids air ingestion; however, high interaction with the crank shaft results in higher oil aeration longer term after kickoff maneuver ends. The findings highlight the complexity of oil behavior in engine environments, where unpredictable interactions during dynamic maneuvers can easily lead to ingestion and aeration. Despite this complexity, the computational strategy developed in this study was able to accurately reproduce and predict these events which were seen in the test scenario as well in the form of pressure readings at the pump inlet. Since these high-aeration events were validated against experimental measurements, this simulation approach proves to be highly valuable for guiding product design and optimization, allowing engineers to identify risks early and improve lubrication performance in the engines before physical testing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692010</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development and Preliminary Combustion Experiments of a Prototype Engine with Sleeve Valves Based on the Focusing Compression Principle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691987</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Our laboratory has proposed the focusing compression principle which employs pulsed super-multi jets of gas colliding around the chamber center. This principle aims to achieve high thermal efficiency by reducing both exhaust and cooling losses. Exhaust loss is minimized due to relatively-silent high compression. Cooling loss is reduced due to thermal insulation caused by fuel-air mixture being confined to the chamber center and the compressible flow effect. In previous studies, we conducted fundamental gasoline combustion experiments on a proof-of-concept opposed-piston engine which incorporated this principle. This engine featured eight intake nozzles in an octagonal configuration and utilized non-sinusoidal and strongly asymmetric piston movements. The results indicated the possibility of high thermal efficiency based on less knocking under high compression, and the potential for stable combustion under lean-burn conditions. As a next step towards practical application with durability, we have developed a new opposed-piston engine with a small displacement of 123 cc which maintains intake ports of octagonal configuration, featuring a unique valve system. This unique valve system is characterized by setting a cylindrical-shaped sleeve-valve in between the inner and outer- cylinders. On operation, these sleeve-valves move along the central axis of cylinders, opening or closing all eight ports on the cylinder walls simultaneously. In this paper, we first show details of the present new engine developed and its preliminary experiments including non-combustion motoring experiments, and also combustion experiments using gasoline. The engine was successfully motored up to 750 rpm with no gas leakage around the sleeve-valve at compression process. Combustion experiments were initially tested from slightly-lean conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691987</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Control Strategy and Dynamic Characteristics of a Hydrogen
          Opposed-Cylinder Free-Piston Engine Generator</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675955</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Free-piston engine generator (FPEG), as a novel energy conversion device, has the                     advantages of good fuel adaptability and high energy utilization. Combustion                     variation between cycles poses a significant challenge to the running control of                     an FPEG. A hierarchical control strategy, including motion, combustion, and                     generation power controllers, is designed in this paper to achieve the stable                     and efficient running of a hydrogen-fueled opposed-cylinder FPEG prototype.                     Piston motion is controlled by adjusting the generation current, which is                     adjusted through iterative learning using piston displacement feedback and                     adaptive control using piston velocity feedback. Generating power is regulated                     by controlling the throttle opening angle, which is adjusted through iterative                     learning. A multidisciplinary joint mathematical model is developed to simulate                     the dynamic characteristics and verify the control strategy. The simulation                     results reveals that the dead center position accuracy can be maintained within                     ±0.3 mm when accounting for 25% combustion variation between cycles and                     misfires. The power generation can be adjusted between 20 kW and 30 kW, with the                     adjustment error maintained within ±0.3 kW. The prototype achieved an indicated                     power of 30.5 kW and an indicated thermal efficiency of 43.4% during the                     standard cycle. Hardware-in-the-loop testing was conducted for cold start,                     stable operation, and misfire conditions, confirming that the electronic                     controller meets the control requirements of the FPEG system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 15:16:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675955</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of Piston Clearance on Volume of Oil Film at Piston-Cylinder Interface</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630474</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is crucial for precise estimation of piston skirt friction loss to understand the impact of piston design parameters on the oil supply mechanism. This study aims to clarify the influence of piston clearance in oil volume of oil film on a piston skirt. The oil volume was evaluated by induced fluorescence method. This study revealed that thick oil film adhered to the upper part of the piston skirt and that larger piston clearance increased the amount of oil adhering to the skirt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2026 09:19:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630474</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A numerical simulation study of fluid-solid-thermal bidirectional coupling in an aviation kerosene engine piston and piston cooling gallery based on experiments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2628234</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As engines progressively move toward higher reinforcement, piston reliability faces significant challenges. In this context, the piston cooling gallery (PCG) has gradually become a key technology for highly reinforced pistons. To more accurately simulate piston temperature and gain a deeper understanding of the interaction between the PCG and the piston, a fluid-solid-thermal bidirectional coupling model was established based on thermal boundary conditions derived from three-dimensional combustion (3DC). Temperature measurement experiments were conducted using a self-developed micro temperature measurement device, and the fluid-solid-thermal bidirectional coupling model was validated based on these temperature measurement experiments and oscillating flow experiments. The study investigated the effects of different oil injection parameters on the oscillating flow of oil in the PCG, the average heat transfer coefficient (AHTC) of the wall, piston temperature, and the thermal-mechanical coupling (TMC) stress and deformation of the piston. The findings indicate that when the oil injection pressure is increased from 500 to 1700 kPa, the AHTC of the top wall, bottom wall, inner wall, and outer wall increases by 21.11%, 24.02%, 38.34%, and 34.54%, respectively, while the maximum piston temperature decreases by 7.12°C. As the oil temperature decreases from 121°C to 55°C, the AHTC of the top wall, bottom wall, inner wall, and outer wall increases by 37.71%, 48.67%, 34.76%, and 49.07%, respectively, leading to a reduction in the maximum piston temperature by 12.23°C. The TMC stress and deformation of the piston vary under different oil injection schemes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Feb 2026 10:07:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2628234</guid>
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