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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Driving and bearing capacity enhancement mechanism of reamed precast concrete pile with novel green low-resistance reamed material</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692508</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reamed Precast Concrete (RPC) piles with prebored grouting are a new type of composite pile composed of inner precast piles and peripheral reamed material. RPC piles overcome the development bottlenecks of cast-in-place concrete piles, involving high energy consumption, significant slurry discharge, and difficulty in penetrating hard soil layers. Nevertheless, conventional cement mortar reamed material poses challenges such as excessive terminal driving pressure during static pressed implantation of precast piles, poor water retention with segregation tendency, and insufficient economic-environmental performance. Thus, a green high-fluidity low-resistance cement mortar reamed material was developed in this study to address above issues. Specifically, comparative studies were conducted through driving tests and vertical static loading tests on RPC piles fabricated with both conventional and green reamed materials. Then, the variation patterns of penetration resistance with depth and the load-bearing enhancement effects were analyzed. Experimental results revealed that the green reamed material with superior homogeneity and segregation resistance exhibited 25.57% lower penetration resistance compared to conventional reamed material. Static loading tests reveal that the ultimate bearing capacity for RPC piles with green reamed material was improved by approximately 35% because of enhanced soil-material interfacial bonding. Additionally, a predictive model for the ultimate bearing capacity of RPC piles with green reamed material was established based on the failure patterns and the actual pile geometry observed in RPC piles. Verification through static loading tests demonstrated excellent agreement between predicted and measured values. This research provides theoretical guidance for reamed material selection and bearing capacity prediction in RPC piles construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2026 09:14:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692508</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Vertical Bearing Characteristic of Precast Hybrid Reinforcement Concrete Pipe Pile Considering Different End Forms in Stiff Silty Clays</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2701106</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Precast prestressed reinforced concrete (PRC) pipe piles are increasingly adopted where static pressing is impractical; however, design-oriented evidence for their vertical bearing behavior in stiff silty clays remains limited. This study combines site static cone penetration tests with full-scale static load tests on hammer-driven PRC pipe piles with open-ended and closed-ended tips to clarify the governing load transfer mechanism and to improve capacity prediction for engineering design. The results show that pile tip configuration was a key factor influencing the bearing behavior of PRC pipe piles. Open-ended piles experience stronger driving-induced disturbance in the tested stiff clay layers, leading to lower mobilized shaft resistance than closed-ended piles. The responses of both pile types can be well described by a bilinear strain hardening load transfer relationship. Building on these observations, a three-stage load transfer function based on Rusch elastoplastic theory was developed and calibrated using test data, achieving improved ultimate bearing capacity prediction compared with conventional design parameter selection. For designs in stiff silty clay, median values of shaft resistance are recommended for open-ended piles; however, the upper-bound values of shaft and base resistances can be adopted for closed-ended piles. These recommendations should be applied cautiously beyond the tested pile configurations, soil properties, and installation method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 14:37:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2701106</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Penetration behavior and particle breakage in coral calcareous sand for offshore pile foundations: Experimental and numerical analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627212</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the penetration mechanism and bearing characteristics of steel pipe piles in coral calcareous sand. Particular attention is given to the effect of particle breakage on pile performance. Modeling tests were used to evaluate the effects of relative density, pile length-to-diameter ratio, and hammer energy on the penetration process. Additionally, Hopkinson bar tests and PFC numerical simulations were employed to examine the breakage pattern of sand particles and stress wave propagation. The results showed that particle breakage, relative density, and hammer energy significantly affect the penetration behavior and bearing characteristics of steel pipe piles. At high stress levels, breakage significantly impacts side resistance and tip resistance, resulting in a predominance of friction-tip-bearing characteristics. This breakage accelerates soil redistribution around the pile, making driving more difficult. Once the side resistance limit is reached, degradation occurs. Tip resistance dominates in limiting pile decline and exhibits depth effects. Hopkinson rebar tests verified the impact of granular fracture on bearing capacity at high strain rates. PFC simulations showed that fracture predominantly occurs within three diameters below the pile tip and one diameter on either side. This study provides insights for the simulation of pile driving and engineering design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:01:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627212</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of General Scour on the Axial Capacity of Piles Driven in Mixed Soil Layers Considering Pile Installation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2612931</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bridge scour causes the removal of soil surrounding bridge foundations. The direct consequence of scour is a reduction in the foundation’s axial capacity. This study employs finite element modeling in ABAQUS software to simulate general scour affecting a pile in layered soil profiles. The aim is to quantify axial capacity reduction per each layer of soil at different depths, considering the entire installation process, including stages such as cavity expansion, pile placement, initial penetration, consolidation, scour, and pile load testing. In the first part, five cases similar to the Louisiana soil profile were simulated, with three scenarios included: no scour, initial-absence condition (similar to static methods), and long-term scour after excess pore pressure dissipation. Four scour depths (5, 10, 15, and 20?ft) were considered, and the scouring effect was quantified in total capacity, side friction, end-bearing, and per-layer capacity. In the second part, each soil type was simulated along the whole profile to obtain scour factors to be used in the design. The results of the five cases revealed considerable differences between the initial-absence condition and long-term scour, with reductions in total capacity reaching around 20% at a scour depth of 20?ft in some cases. This reduction is primarily owing to a decrease in side friction. The results of the second part show the scour factors that should be considered for pile design in each specific soil type at each depth/effective stress.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Oct 2025 11:30:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2612931</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Driving Stresses in Prestressed Concrete Piles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572971</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Field tests were conducted to measure the dynamic stresses produced in prestressed concrete piles during driving. Strain gages were embedded in five 18-in. square piles 92 ft and 95 ft long, and two 15-in. square piles 26 ft long. The piles were tested at two sites on the Texas Gulf Coast, one near Corpus Christi and one near Houston, Texas. The field measurements are compared with the theoretical results obtained from a digital-computer solution of the wave equation. General conclusions as to the nature and magnitude of these stresses are drawn.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 27 Sep 2025 19:01:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572971</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A three-dimensional hybrid model for predicting underwater noise from impact pile driving</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572309</link>
      <description><![CDATA[High-intensity impulsive noise generated during impact pile driving has become a growing concern in environmental impact assessments. Numerical acoustic models play a crucial role in predicting underwater acoustic phenomena in complex coastal environments prior to offshore construction projects. In this study, the authors developed a three-dimensional (3D) hybrid model through the integration of finite element and parabolic equation methods. Specifically, the acoustic-solid interaction method was implemented in a dynamic axisymmetric finite element model to simulate time-dependent pile vibration sources. Subsequently, a broadband 3D parabolic equation (PE) wave propagation model was developed to integrate the acoustic sources. The simulated results demonstrated reasonable agreement with field measurements, exhibiting sound exposure level (SEL) differences of less than 3 dB. These findings indicate that the hybrid modeling approach provides an effective solution for predicting broadband acoustic fields in complex shallow-water environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Aug 2025 09:12:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572309</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comprehensive Field Load Test and Geotechnical Investigation Program for Development of LRFD Recommendations of Driven Piles on Intermediate Geomaterials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582027</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pile foundations were often driven into intermediate geomaterials (IGM) to support heavy civil infrastructures like bridges due to shallow bedrock stratigraphy. Thus, the pile foundations of this region must rely on the resistance contributed from the IGM layers. However, IGM is a transitional geomaterial between soil and rock, that needs to be better defined for the design and construction of driven piles. AASHTO suggests applying the same static analysis (SA) methods developed for piles driven in soil to IGM. However, past studies concluded that SA methods developed for soil resulted in an inconsistent and conservative estimation of geotechnical resistance and considerable variation between the predicted resistances and measured resistances determined from the signal-matching technique using the CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP). Thus, there is a need to improve the current practice of driven pile design and construction in IGM by establishing representative engineering properties of IGM, by improving SA and construction control methods, and developing more efficient LRFD recommendations. Such recommendations were necessary for reliable and economical design and construction of driven piles. This research aims to improve the efficiency of driven piles in IGM, increasing the system reliability of civil infrastructures, especially bridge structures. The objectives of this proposed research were to classify IGM, determine IGM properties, improve pile resistance estimations in IGM by advanced SA methods, understand the time-dependent pile resistances in IGM, validate the performance of dynamic analysis methods through a static load test program, and recommend changes and improvements to current pile design and construction practices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 Aug 2025 08:51:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582027</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPR-5036: Development of Direct CPT-Based Pile Design Method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576634</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main deliverable from the project is a direct method for estimating the axial capacity of driven piles from CPT data and a computer program that will enable geotechnical engineers to use it for driven pile design. Extensive data that the geotechnical office has accumulated over the years will be used to develop a method that will work for Indiana soils.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Jul 2025 15:42:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576634</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Methodology to Numerically Predict Pile Driving-Induced Vibrations and Deformations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2516735</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Prestressed precast concrete pile driving has been commonly used in Central Florida’s challenging soil conditions, needing a robust numerical framework to model the complex soil-pile interaction. This installation method can lead to noise, ground vibrations, and deformations in urban areas, potentially damaging nearby structures and utilities, and compromising urban infrastructure integrity and safety. This study introduces a procedure to model and predict pile driving-induced vibrations and deformations using wave equation analysis and the finite element method. This framework is validated with field measurements collected at a bridge construction project and previously published attenuation curves. In this study, the wave equation analysis software GRLWEAP was used to estimate the input forces for the numerical model prepared in PLAXIS 2D. Site-specific conditions obtained from standard penetration and cone penetration tests were summarized and input in the numerical models. A continuous pile driving modeling approach was followed to account for the accumulation of stresses and strains. This framework includes the use of the critical state-based hypoplasticity soil constitutive model for sands enhanced with the intergranular strain concept that is capable of simulating changes in the soil void ratio as the pile is driven. This feature was deemed an important factor in the modeling procedure to account for soil densification during pile installation. The model was first compared with the field measurements in terms of measured and computed vertical pile penetration versus hammer blows during pile installation. The approach first focuses on matching the vertical pile penetration rate by varying the input forces obtained from GRLWEAP for different driving accessories. The change in cushion stiffness as the pile is being driven is considered in this stage. It is presented that the computed pile tip depth matched with the field data. The results are then presented in terms of measured and computed pile driving-induced vibrations and deformations away from the pile.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2025 17:19:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2516735</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Model Piles: Bibliography</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559755</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document is a bibliography of journal articles, reports, papers, and proceedings published between 1950 and 1964 studying model piles. Topics include: experiments on model piles in groups, friction piles in homogenous clay, driving piles by vibration, force of breaking waves on piles, scour, steel and timber bearing piles, and soil failure during overturning of piles. Some of the entries are annotated or contain excerpts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 16:15:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559755</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Owner’s Best Practices (Approach) to Pile Misalignment Claim Management</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559415</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper investigates the challenges and solutions associated with pile driving in large-scale port infrastructure projects, focusing on some significant capital improvement projects completed by the Port of Long Beach over the past 10 years. Despite the substantial investment and the diverse conditions across these projects, from varying in contractor, pile length, and environmental factors, each encountered claims related to pile misalignment. The study concludes that a systematic approach to data tracking and risk management is crucial for preventing and addressing claims, thereby ensuring successful project outcomes. By sharing best practices derived from these projects and past experiences, the paper aims to provide valuable insights for future contracts/projects, helping stakeholders reduce risk and improve project efficiency through proactive claim management.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2025 09:20:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559415</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vibratory Pile Driving: Bibliography</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559746</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document is a bibliography of journal articles, papers published between 1956 and 1963 examining vibratory pile driving. Some of the entries are annotated or include excerpts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2025 17:03:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559746</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Driving Practices for Prestressed Concrete Piles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2549144</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe the phenomena which can cause cracking and spalling of prestressed concrete piles during driving and to outline procedures which will prevent these problems. In some cases of driving of prestressed concrete piles, cracking and spalling have been encountered and in most instances these problems can be avoided by following certain rules of good driving practices. The recommendations presented here are based on sound physical principles and have been proved effective in practice. The following discussion of problems which are occasionally encountered in driving prestressed concrete piles should not be interpreted to indicate that problems or failures are a natural consequence of the use of prestressed concrete piles. Many thousands of linear feet of prestressed piling have been successfully driven with no problems of cracking or spalling. Even on those projects where problems have been encountered, the piles giving trouble have represented a very small percentage of the total piling on the project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 11:26:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2549144</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of Sands Subjected to Dynamic Loading</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548963</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The broad objective of this project is to fully develop the use of the computer solution of the wave equation so that it may be used to predict driving stresses in piling and to estimate static load bearing capacity of piling from driving resistance records. This report should be considered as a supplement of Research Report No. 33-7. As stated in the preface, Research Report Number 33-7 was considered as an interim report of an exploratory investigation into the dynamic load-deformation properties of sands. This supplement (Research Report No. 33-7A) includes improvements in instrumentation which were made since the interim report was published, and it presents results of final tests on the dynamic properties of three different sands. Peak dynamic and static strengths of saturated sand samples under triaxial confinement are determined experimentally and presented herein. Particular attention is given to the effects of loading velocity, sample density, and intergranular pressure. Experimental results are compared with results predicted by using the rheological model currently in use with the computer solution of the wave equation. A modification of this rheological model is proposed so that it can be used to reproduce experimental data and correctly predict peak dynamic load.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2025 10:12:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548963</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact Load-Deformation Properties of Pile Cushioning Materials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548962</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The broad objective of this project is to fully develop the use of the computer solution of the wave equation so that it may be used to predict driving stresses in piling and be used to estimate the static load bearing capacity of piling from driving resistance records. This report covers the specific objective of determining the dynamic load-deformation properties of various pile cushion materials. These properties are necessary for the wave equation analysis and have been found to have a most significant effect on the driving stresses and pile penetration during driving.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2025 10:12:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548962</guid>
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