<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Concrete Strength Sensing Using REBEL Sensors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2780491</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study evaluated the use of Resonance-Based Embedded Layer (REBEL) sensors as a nondestructive technology for real-time monitoring of in-place concrete strength in transportation infrastructure. The objective was to assess the accuracy, reliability, and field applicability of REBEL sensors relative to conventional laboratory testing methods used for quality assurance. Six field projects involving bridge decks, pavement patches, and pavement reconstruction across Illinois were instrumented with embedded REBEL sensors and companion laboratory specimens. Conventional laboratory testing, including compressive strength and flexural strength, was conducted in accordance with applicable ASTM and/or Illinois Modified AASHTO standards, and sensor predictions were compared with laboratory measurements using graphical and statistical analyses. The results demonstrated that REBEL sensors were able to predict concrete strength development during curing. According to the regression analysis, the increase in strength in laboratory-cured samples and in field concrete is proportional. However, the Bland-Altman analysis showed that the difference between laboratory-cured samples and field concrete increases logarithmically as the concrete ages. Although several field deployment challenges, including damaged data loggers and intermittent communication issues, were encountered, these operational issues were resolved and did not significantly affect the overall evaluation of the technology. The findings indicate that REBEL sensors provide a practical means of continuously monitoring in-place concrete strength, though a strong correlation between sensor-measured data and laboratory test data could not be established, suggesting the need for more rigorous investigation. The deployment procedures, implementation recommendations, and lessons learned presented in this report can assist transportation agencies and contractors in implementing embedded sensing technology to improve construction quality assurance, reduce testing costs, support earlier construction decisions, and enhance project efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 09:52:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2780491</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hybrid 1D/3D CNT-PZT percolative networks for high-performance PVDF piezoelectric composites in road weigh-in-motion applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685269</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reliable and high-linearity load sensing is essential for intelligent road weigh-in-motion systems, yet conventional piezoelectric sensors often suffer from discontinuous conductive networks and poor durability under cyclic traffic loads. Here, we report a PVDF-based piezoelectric composite that integrates a hybrid one-dimensional/three-dimensional (1D/3D) percolative conductive network to overcome these limitations. In this architecture, 1D carbon nanotubes anchor onto and bridge 3D PZT particles, forming core-tail conductive units that establish continuous charge-transport pathways and reinforce interfacial polarization throughout the PVDF matrix. The resulting composite exhibits a well-connected internal network and markedly enhanced electromechanical coupling, achieving a piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) of 473 pC·N⁻¹ and a conductivity of 5.14 × 10⁻⁴ S·cm⁻¹ , representing 5.4-fold and 10.3-fold improvements over the CNT-free counterpart. The open-circuit voltage (9.15 V) and short-circuit current (1136 nA) also show pronounced increases, confirming the synergistic coupling between polarization and charge transport. Field tests reveal a strong linear correlation between sensor output and both axle load and vehicle speed, with outstanding repeatability and stability after millions of loading cycles. This work establishes a microstructure-driven enhancement mechanism for PVDF/CNT/PZT composites, offering a robust strategy for engineering durable, high-sensitivity piezoelectric sensors toward next-generation smart transportation infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:29:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685269</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Asphalt mixtures with embedded piezoelectric smart aggregates for nondestructive ultrasonic monitoring</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633396</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this study is to develop a new concept and method of asphalt mixtures with embedded piezoelectric smart aggregates for ultrasonic nondestructive monitoring. Ultrasonic waves, as the detecting signals, are generated and received with the embedded piezoelectric smart aggregates. In the proposed method, an array of piezoelectric smart aggregates with fixed locations is used, leading to faster and more automated monitoring processes and enhanced data accuracy. The analysis of ultrasonic signals is conducted using wavelet packet energy analysis and coda wave interferometry, based on the direct responses received from the piezoelectric smart aggregates. The corresponding effects of two key factors, temperature and frequency, on propagation of ultrasonic waves are studied. Finally, damage experiments and ultrasonic monitoring for asphalt mixture beam specimens are carried out to illustrate and demonstrate the effectiveness of using asphalt mixtures with embedded piezoelectric smart aggregates for nondestructive ultrasonic monitoring.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:56:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633396</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ballast Aggregate Driven Nonlinear Environmental Stiffness in Heavy Haul Railway Fastenings: Novel Flexible Piezoelectric Sensor Monitoring</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643911</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ensuring the structural integrity of heavy-haul railway fastening systems is critical for operational safety and derailment prevention. Conventional rigid sensors suffer from bulkiness, poor embeddability, and limited dynamic performance, hindering their use in this demanding application. This study introduces a novel piezoelectric material engineered with a unibody design, offering inherent advantages of lightweight construction, flexibility, and conformability for integration into fastening components. Finite element analysis and D33 coefficient testing demonstrated that this smart material achieves superior strain distribution uniformity and signal stability compared to traditional clipped PVDF sensors. A specialized stepwise polarization-edge depolarization process was developed to enhance piezoelectric polarization uniformity, thereby improving measurement accuracy. The smart PVDF material was rigorously calibrated using a high-frequency impact system, and its fatigue resistance and stiffness-sensing capability were evaluated across varying environmental conditions. Integrated directly into rubber pads within a full-scale heavy-haul railway subgrade physical model, the smart PVDF material effectively quantified the environmental stiffness of the fastening system – capturing its dynamic interaction with the rock ballast aggregate – under diverse operational conditions. Results revealed a distinct nonlinear decrease in environmental stiffness with increasing speed and load, contrasting with universal stiffness trends and highlighting the critical role of rock ballast aggregate behavior. This smart PVDF material demonstrates exceptional durability and adaptability for monitoring nonlinear environmental stiffness responses in heavy-haul railway infrastructure, enabling advanced assessment of rock ballast aggregate-fastening system interactions and providing a promising foundation for intelligent track health monitoring and early-warning systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 09:05:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643911</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Piezoelectric Films Application for Vibration Diagnostics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407996</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article shows the actuality of piezoelectric films application for vibration diagnostic techniques that are widely used for condition monitoring of operating machines and structures in industry, transport and energy. The application of vibration diagnostics, in particular for structural monitoring, is constrained by high costs and complexity of the measurement systems, especially accelerometers. As an alternative, the use of piezoelectric film sensors is considered that cost is cheaper and size is less than strain gauge. The use of such sensors avoids calibration on the object, power supply from an additional current source, and dramatically reduce size, weight and costs of the sensor network. The properties of piezoelectric films are analyzed in comparison with strain gauges and the benefits are considered.The compatibility of piezo films with existing methods, hard and software of monitoring systems is considered. To determine the relationship between the signal generated by the piezoelectric film and parameters of vibrations, the experimental stand was developed, the studies were conducted, and the dependencies were revealed.The relationship between the signal measured by piezoelectric film and the body vibration was theoretically established and experimentally verified. The curvature of neutral line and vibration velocity (orthogonal to surface) of a vibrated body are the parameters that correspond to the piezo film’s signal.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2025 08:51:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407996</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Environmentally friendly lead-free piezoelectric ceramics as pavement sensing element: A multi-scale finite element perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2589193</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Potassium sodium niobate (KNN), a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic, demonstrates its significant potential as an environmentally friendly element for energy harvesting and sensing due to its relatively high piezoelectricity and cost-effectiveness. Although the properties of KNN have been proven promising as a piezoelectric element in some electronic devices, the application in pavement engineering as a sensing element remains challenging due to the knowledge gap of static mechanical-piezoelectric correlations along with dynamic multi-axial loads and cross-scale coupling effects. Most importantly, due to the shortage of basic information about the properties of bulk KNN ceramics, it is even infeasible to implement numerical simulations. To tackle this challenge, the authors developed a KNN-based multi-scale dynamic evaluation finite element framework by using real properties obtained from lab-prepared KNN ceramics as pivotal parameters. To assess the feasibility of KNN as a sensing element in pavements, traffic flow-related factors (horizontal offset, camber, axle load, speed, deceleration, and friction coefficient) and sensor position factors (buried depth, phase angle, and arrangement spacing) were involved in this model. The simulation results indicate that KNN sensors exhibit superior applicability in asphalt pavement compared with concrete pavement under dynamic traffic conditions. The optimal open-circuit voltage output for asphalt pavements occurs at a depth of 2 cm, a phase angle of 15°, and an arrangement spacing of 15 cm, whereas in concrete pavements, the optimal configuration is a depth of 2 cm, a phase angle of 0°, and an arrangement spacing of 15 cm. This work establishes a multi-scale coupling theory and scalable optimization framework for dynamically adaptive lead-free piezoelectric sensors in smart transportation systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2025 09:50:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2589193</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Roadways: Challenges, Advances, and Future Directions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2596623</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the global demand for renewable energy intensifies, piezoelectric energy harvesting from roadways has emerged as a promising avenue for sustainable power generation. This systematic literature review analyzes 61 peer-reviewed studies to assess the feasibility, performance, and potential of integrating piezoelectric systems into roadway infrastructure. While technology faces challenges, such as high installation costs, limited energy output, and a scarcity of thorough economic evaluations, findings suggest it holds considerable promise as a supplementary renewable energy source. The review analyzes the operational characteristics and efficiencies of various piezoelectric transducers, identifies key factors influencing system performance, and evaluates recent technological advances. It further considers the broader socioenvironmental implications of deploying such systems, including potential benefits for green infrastructure development and urban sustainability. Spanning two decades of research, this study highlights the transformative potential of piezoelectric technology in reshaping energy infrastructure. It emphasizes the need for continued interdisciplinary research, particularly in improving system efficiency, reducing costs, and evaluating long-term economic and environmental impacts. By identifying critical research gaps and proposing future directions, this review provides a foundational reference for engineers, policymakers, and researchers focused on sustainable infrastructure and innovative energy solutions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Sep 2025 16:02:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2596623</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Material parameter inversion based on the piezoelectric wave propagation method and its application in pavement deflection prediction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2571548</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Piezoelectric materials have been widely applied in monitoring fields; however, research on their use for deflection measurement in pavement engineering is limited. This study proposes a method that combines the Piezoelectric Wave Propagation Method (PWPM) with data-driven techniques to achieve in-situ sensing and real-time measurement of the central deflection (CD). First, material parameters and piezoelectric ultrasonic tests were conducted on in-situ core samples. Furthermore, numerical simulations were employed to construct the Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Active Sensing Model (PUAS Model) and the Comprehensive Pavement Structure Deflection Response Model (CPS-Deflection Model), generating corresponding simulation datasets. Subsequently, a data-driven approach was utilized to develop the Piezoelectric Feature-Based Material Parameter Inversion Model (PF-Material Inversion Model), enabling material parameter prediction. Finally, a Material-parameter-based Central Deflection Prediction Model (MPCD Model) was established, revealing the mapping relationship between material parameters and CD. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the PUAS Model and CPS-Deflection Model exhibit high accuracy, providing reliable finite element (FE) model support for subsequent predictive analysis. The Deep Neural Networks (DNN) demonstrated excellent accuracy and stability in both the PF-Material Inversion Model and MPCD Model. By inputting the material parameters of the in-situ core samples from locations K2028 + #1, K2028 + #2, and K2028 + #3 into the prediction model, the relative errors between the predicted and measured CD values were 12.25 %, 15.87 %, and 14.87 %, respectively — all below 16 %. These results confirm the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed in-situ monitoring method for pavement material parameter evaluation and CD measurement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Sep 2025 08:50:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2571548</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Using piezoelectric technology to harvest energy from pavement: A review</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2495086</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A key point in building a contemporary energy system is the search for sustainable and green energy. Many green energy sources exist in the road or pavement domain, such as solar, thermal, wind, and mechanical energy, etc. Under the repeated vehicle loads, stresses and strains are generated in the pavement, which can generate substantial mechanical energy. In recent two decades, there has been a growing scholarly preference for utilizing the piezoelectric effect to convert mechanical energy from pavement into electricity to supply low-power transportation facilities, pavement sensors, etc. This paper provides an in-depth review of state-of-the-art advances in road piezoelectric energy harvesters. The basic principle of piezoelectric energy harvesting and common piezoelectric materials were briefly introduced. The piezoelectric energy harvesters suitable for roads are thoroughly reviewed from five perspectives: structure, finite element analyses, protective packaging, management circuit, and application. Finally, the challenges faced by piezoelectric energy harvesters for pavements were summarized, and the potential research directions were also proposed. This review serves as a valuable reference for advancing road piezoelectric harvesting technology development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2025 09:05:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2495086</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of carbon nanotube (CNT) cement-based traffic sensor incorporating steel slag based on Accelerated Pavement Test (APT)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487630</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, a carbon nanotube (CNT) cement composite containing CNT and steel slag was developed and its application in traffic information sensing was studied. The mix ratio of steel slag cement mortar matrix and CNT cement composite was determined by mechanical properties and electrical conductivity tests. Then the CNT cement composite intelligent sensing device was prepared and an Accelerated Pavement Test equipment was used to test its piezoresistive response curve. The test results show that steel slag and CNT enhance mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The vehicle speed and wheelbase were calculated based on the piezoresistive response results, and the calculation errors of the wheel speed (0.375 and 0.844 km/h) were less than 10% and 20%, respectively. The wheelbase estimate has a maximum error of approximately 12% and 15% for wheel speeds of 0.375 and 0.844 km/h, respectively. Therefore, the CNT cement composite containing steel slag developed in this study has the potential to serve as a traffic sensor.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Feb 2025 08:47:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487630</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A piezoelectric acoustic black hole absorber for rail vibration reduction and energy harvesting: Semi-analytical model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2438725</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Theoretically, vibration energy can be converted and harvested during the process of vibration reduction, thus enabling a self-powered supply for sensor nodes. However, little research was reported on rail absorbers that combine vibration reduction and energy harvesting. Accordingly, this study aims to design an absorber based on the acoustic black hole (ABH) effect, termed the P-ABH absorber, that can simultaneously achieve broadband vibration reduction and energy harvesting. Firstly, the P-ABH absorber was preliminarily designed, and the semi-analytical model of the track with the P-ABH absorber was established by the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Secondly, the semi-analytical model was verified by the 3D finite element method, and the vibration reduction and energy harvesting performance were initially evaluated. The dimensions of the ABH structure, along with the sizes of the piezoelectric patches, were then determined. Finally, the vibration reduction and energy harvesting performances of the P-ABH absorbers fully deployed between each fastener were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the P-ABH absorber exhibited a wider vibration reduction bandwidth than the uniform piezoelectric absorber and the piezoelectric patches, with an increase in energy harvesting power by 27.47 % and 115.26 %, respectively. The vibration reduction and energy harvesting performance were significantly affected by the number of piezoelectric patches but little affected by the thickness and total length. When the P-ABH absorbers were fully attached to the rail, the overall mean square velocities at the three resonant frequencies, which required emphatic control, were reduced by 36.77 %, 98.37 %, and 3.52 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the energy harvesting performance was excellent. The P-ABH absorber presents a promising solution for improving the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of track systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Oct 2024 17:11:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2438725</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of sensor-enabled piezoelectric geoelectric cable in cyclic shear tests of subgrade soil under vertical cyclic loads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2423559</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Of late, deformation of subgrade soil has led to an increasing number of road subsidence diseases. Real-time monitoring of subgrade deformation is critical to ensure the safety of subgrade operations. In this paper, a sensor-enabled piezoelectric geoelectric cable (SPGC) with impedance strain effect and piezoelectric effect is tested. The SPGC impedance and voltage signals obtained by cyclic shear test under vertical static load and cyclic shear test under vertical cyclic load are used to evaluate the monitoring effect. The results showed that normal stress had the greatest effect on the shear strength of the soil, whereas the normal stress and horizontal shear displacement amplitude significantly influenced the strain in the soil. Varying the normal and horizontal shear frequencies had little effect on the shear strength and strain of the soil. The normalized impedance and voltage of the SPGC, respectively, decreased and increased rapidly during the initial stage of the shear cycle; these changes were relatively small during the middle and late stages of the shear cycle. The SPGC voltage waveform revealed the changes in the shear stress and vertical displacement under different normal and horizontal shear frequencies, from which the stability of the subgrade soil under the aforementioned conditions could be evaluated. The variations in the SPGC impedance and effective voltage from the cyclic shear tests under both vertical static and vertical cyclic loads remained essentially consistent with the number of cycles. However, there was a difference in that the trough of the SPGC impedance under the vertical cyclic load was larger than that under the vertical static load; likewise, the effective SPGC voltage under the cyclic load was larger than that under the static load. Through an analysis of the SPGC impedance and voltage signals in the subgrade soil, the consistency of the SPGC-normalized impedance and effective voltage with shear stress was clarified; this helped the authors evaluate the health of the subgrade and monitor the characteristics of the precursor signals before a slide were to occur, thereby affording an opportunity to issue timely warnings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Oct 2024 09:48:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2423559</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>On the Joint Optimization of Energy Harvesting and Sensing of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters: Case Study of a Cable-Stayed Bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325313</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (PEHs) are typically employed to provide additional source of energy for a sensing system. However, studies show that a PEH can be also used as a sensor to acquire information about the source of vibration by analysing the produced voltage signal. This opens a possibility to create Simultaneous Energy Harvesting and Sensing (SEHS) system, where a single piece of hardware, a PEH, acts as both, a harvester and as a sensor. This raises a question if it is possible to design a bi-functional PEH device with optimal harvesting and sensing performance. In this work, the authors propose a bi-objective PEH design optimisation framework and show that there is a trade-off between energy harvesting efficiency and sensing accuracy within a PEH design space. The proposed framework is based on an extensive vibration (strain and acceleration) dataset collected from a real-world operational cable-stayed bridge in New South Wales, Australia. The bridge acceleration data is used as an input for a PEH numerical model to simulate a voltage signal and estimate the amount of produced energy. The numerical PEH model is based on the Kirchhoff-Love plate and isogeometric analysis. For sensing, convolutional neural network AlexNet is trained to identify traffic speed labels from voltage CWT (Continuous Wavelet Transform) images. In order to improve computational efficiency of the approach, a kriging metamodel is built and genetic algorithm is used as an optimisation method. The results are presented in the form of Pareto fronts in three design spaces.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:25:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325313</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental study on the effect of water-heat-force triple-field coupling on the electrical and fatigue properties of cement stabilized layer power generation pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2381293</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road piezoelectric energy capture technology has developed rapidly in recent years. However, the research of road piezoelectric energy harvester (RPEH) in road environment has rarely been reported. Therefore, in this study, Cement stabilized layer power generation pavement were prepared. Firstly, the output performance of an RPEH under different environmental factors (load, temperature, and water immersion) was tested through indoor tests. Secondly, the 3D simulation model of cement stabilized layer power generation pavement has established, and the output performance of cement stabilized layer power generation pavement has simulated and analyzed under the coupled environment of water, heat and force. Then, the short-term fatigue performance of the RPEH under harsh environments was evaluated. Finally, the fatigue life of cement stabilized layer power generation pavement under extreme environment is predicted by 3D simulation model. The results reveal that the excitation load is the main factor affecting the electrical energy output of the RPEH; The voltage increase is 204.3 % when the excitation load is increased from 0.26 MPa to 1 MPa. Furthermore, an increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the equivalent force of cement stabilized layer and the effect of stress reduction is affected by water immersion environment; When the excitation load is 0.7 MPa, the temperature increases from 20℃ to 50℃, and the immersed environment is 500, 1000 and 1500 ml, the stress attenuation rates are 0.28 %, 0.34 % and −0.025 %, respectively. The water-immersed environment which attenuates the equivalent force and output voltage by more than 40 % and simultaneously attenuates the enhancement effect of the load and temperature on the voltage output of the RPEH. The short-term fatigue degradation rate of piezoelectric ceramics under high temperature and water immersion is 18.5 %, The accuracy of the 3D simulation model in extreme environment was verified through the comparison between the laboratory test results and the 3D simulation results, and the fatigue life of cement stabilized layer power generation pavement was predicted to be greater than five years. The results of this study provide an important reference for the construction design of RPEH for complex road environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Jun 2024 10:27:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2381293</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Feasibility study on the active structural attenuation of multiple band vibrations from two dimensional continuous structures in automotive vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2373961</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Automotive engine mounts have recently begun using active elements, while prior studies did not account for the actual engine mounting position. The placement and orientation of real automobile engine mounts are considered when modeling, analyzing, and controlling a source structure with an active mounting system. A piezoelectric stack actuator connected in series with an elastomeric mount composes an active mount. When harmonic excitation forces are used, the secondary force required for each active mount is mathematically determined, and the control signal may reduce the vibration by interfering with the input signal. Additionally, the dynamic relationship of the source structure with a variable parameter may be used to reduce horizontal vibrations. Several simulation findings show that these multidirectional (vertical and horizontal) active mounts may minimize excitation vibrations. Additionally, a simulation was performed to reduce vibrations when a complex signal and noise were present. This was achieved by monitoring the system response using the normalized least mean squares (NLMS) algorithm, an adaptive filter. The control performance degrades as noisy and complicated signals are generated; however, the mitigation trend is the same according to simulations utilizing adaptive filters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 May 2024 16:15:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2373961</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>