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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF SOIL-CEMENT MIXTURES FOR SUBGRADE TREATMENTS IN KANSAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/122049</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EFFECT OF CEMENT ON THE PHYSICAL TEST CONSTANTS OF A SOIL ARE DESCRIBED AND THE RESULTS OBTAINED DURING THE INVESTIGATION ARE PRESENTED. PHOTOS SHOWING THE EQUIPMENT USED DURING SOIL-CEMENT-STABILIZED ROAD CONSTRUCTION ARE GIVEN.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:41:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/122049</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STABILIZED SOIL-BOUND SURFACES WITH CALCIUM CHLORIDE AS AN ADMIXTURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/119585</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A LABORATORY RESEARCH PROJECT ON STABILIZED SOIL MIXTURES WAS CONDUCTED TO STUDY THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE SERVICE BEHAVIOR OF STABILIZED AND SURFACE-CONSOLIDATED SOIL-AGGREGATE MIXTURES WHEN CALCIUM CHLORIDE IS USED EITHER AS AN ADMIXTURE, OR AS A SURFACE APPLICATION, OR BOTH. THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAVEL WHICH DETERMINED ITS SUITABILITY FOR USE IN SURFACING A ROAD ARE: (1) DURABILITY OF PEBBLES OR ROCK FRAGMENTS, (2) QUALITY OF BINDER, (3) CREATING OF PEBBLES, AND (4) PROPORTION IN WHICH BINDER IS PRESENT. A CIRCULAR TEST TRACK WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE DIRECTLY THE BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR LOW-COST CONSTRUCTION UNDER CONTROLLED TRAFFIC AND MOISTURE CONDITIONS. COMPARABLE RESULTS ARE GIVEN WHICH ARE PARTICULARLY USEFUL FOR THE FOLLOWING: (1) DETERMINING AND ESTABLISHING LIMITING VALUES FOR THE PRESCRIBED PHYSICAL TEST USED IN GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FROM MATERIALS FOR STABILIZED BASE AND SURFACE COURSE CONSTRUCTION, (2) INVESTIGATING POSSIBILITIES OF USING SPECIAL MATERIALS AVAILABLE IN ONLY PARTICULAR LOCALITIES, OR OF TREATING THEM TO RENDER THEM SATISFACTORILY SERVICEABLE, AND (3) DETERMINING THE LIMITING FACTORS OF THICKNESS OF WEARING COURSES OF STABILIZED MATERIAL AND CORRELATING THE PROPOSED LABORATORY TESTS WITH VARIOUS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. RESULTS ARE SUMMARIZED OBTAINED FROM STUDIES OF SAND-CLAY-GRAVEL MATERIALS BOTH TREATED AND NON-TREATED WITH CALCIUM CHLORIDE. IT WAS DETERMINED THAT NON-PLASTIC GRANULAR MIXTURES OF MATERIALS WITH GRADING MEETING THE AASHO SPECIFICATIONS, BUT WITH LOWER PLASTICITY INDICES, MAY BE MAINTAINED IN AN EXCELLENT SERVICEABLE CONDITION WHEN KEPT DAMP BY CAPILLARY WATER SUFFICIENT TO HOLD THE MOISTURE CONTENT AT THE OPTIMUM OF THE MATERIAL IN QUESTION. BECAUSE OF THE GREATER DENSITY AND STABILITY A WELL GRADED SAND- CLAY-GRAVEL HAVING A LOW PLASTICITY INDEX IS PREFERRED TO AN ABSOLUTELY NON-PLASTIC MATERIAL FOR BASE COURSE CONSTRUCTION. BINDING OF AGGREGATES SECURELY IN PLACE WITH STABLE SOIL MIXTURES AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE ELIMINATES MOST OF THE DESTRUCTION AND LOSS OF ROAD MATERIAL DUE TO THE ACTION OF TRAFFIC. CONTROL OF GRADING IS ESSENTIAL TO ENSURE STABILITY. THE USE OF AN EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF FINE MATERIAL SEEMS TO RETARD OR PREVENT EFFECTIVE COMPACTION.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:24:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/119585</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TESTS OF MINERAL AGGREGATES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/108390</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A REVIEW IS MADE OF LITERATURE PERTAINING TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TESTS OF AGGREGATES AND A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY IS PRESENTED. THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGGREGATE TEST TECHNIQUES IS TRACED, AND THE APPLICABILITY OF THESE TECHNIQUES TO PRESENT -DAY AGGREGATE USAGE IS DISCUSSED. PRESENT, STANDARD TESTS USED FOR SPECIFICATION CONTROL OF QUALITY ARE DESCRIBED AND EVALUATED. RESEARCH TECHNIQUES WHICH HAVE BEEN USED TO DETERMINE AGGREGATE PROPERTIES ARE DESCRIBED.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 13 Apr 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/108390</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE UNDER PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL ATTACKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/541165</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The analysis of the evolution of stress-strain states into reinforced concrete structures caused by humidity and temperature changes and physical-chemical attacks by pollutant species is presented.  Humidity and temperature affect both the process of cement hydration and the progress of shrinkage and creep, while thermal transients cause spatial variable thermal deformations. Moreover, aggressive species, which penetrate from the external environment into concrete via diffusive processes, might lead both to the reinforcement corrosion (carbonation phenomena and chlorides) and to the concrete damage producing expansive phenomena (sulfates and calcium chloride).  Within the framework of a finite-element approach, the solution of the mechanical equilibrium of the elastic-damage continua, coupled with the diffusion processes of humidity, temperature, and chemical species, is carried out.  Some examples are shown in order to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed approach in practical engineering problems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/541165</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF MINI-DRUM CENTRIFUGES AND A FEW INITIAL TESTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/476473</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A brief review was made about the development of drum centrifuge and a few applications were presented to demonstrate the potential use of drum centrifuge.  A mini-drum centrifuge of upgraded version was presented, including pull-out behavior of enlarged base foundations, leaching, migration of chemicals, and wave induced pore pressure response.  Advantages and potential of drum centrifuge technology were emphasized.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/476473</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PERFORMANCE-BASED TESTING OF CHEMICAL STABILIZERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/474144</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Chemical stabilizing agents have been introduced that have performed in field applications to improve the behavior of earth materials.  The same agents and materials subjected to standardized laboratory tests have often resulted in no improvement.  For example, the tests often require pulverization of materials to finer states than are needed in the field or may require remolding when field applications are done in situ, as with injection applications.  Some of the physical tests do not place treated materials in a situation resembling conditions in the field, yet they are applied to determine the use of these agents.  The experiences of the author in developing performance-based testing of chemical stabilizers that better simulate field conditions are described.  The situations include a physical erosion test to determine dispersion of clays that have been treated, two swell test preparation sequences simulating injection of chemicals into clays, a wet-dry test sample preparation using field gradation specifications, and a three-dimensional swell test for stability of treated clays when subjected to wetting.  Also, the standardized physical test results that did not adequately represent behavior are discussed.  The applications and indications of successful testing are reviewed.  Possible development processes for performance-based tests, involving parameters of variance, are included for consideration.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Nov 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/474144</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PHYSICAL TESTING OF MECHANICALLY SPLICED REINFORCING BAR USING A SLEEVE WITH METAL FILLED PROCESS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/107999</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE USE OF A MECHANICAL REINFORCING STEEL BAR COUPLER UTILIZING A SLEEVE WITH METAL FILLER PROCESS IS DISCUSSED. JOINING LARGE SIZE (E.G. 14S AND 18S) REINFORCING STEEL BAR BY WELDING IS PRESENTLY THE ONLY ACCEPTABLE PROCEDURE ALLOWED BY THE CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS AS SPECIFIED IN TEST METHOD NO. CALIF. 601-D. AN APPRECIABLE ECONOMIC SAVINGS CAN BE REALIZED WHEN SUBSTITUTING MECHANICAL SPLICES IN PLACE OF WELDED SPLICES.  HOWEVER, EXTREME CAUT MUST BE EXERCISED BY THE DESIGNER PRIOR TO ACCEPTING MECHANICAL SPLICES. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Dec 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/107999</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASPHALT COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/101113</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE TECHNICAL MATERIAL CONSISTS OF AN ABBREVIATED DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN TECHNIQUES IN SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ADSORPTION SEPARATION PROCEDURES FOR ASPHALT. IT IS SHOWN THAT SHARP FRACTIONATION IS OBTAINED BY SELECTIVE ADSORPTION OF METHYL CYCLOHEXANE SOLUTIONS ON SILICA GEL. THESE SEPARATIONS PRODUCE FRACTIONS SIMILAR TO THOSE FROM SOLVENT FRACTIONATION BASED ON ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS ALSO INDICATED BY INFRARED ABSORPTION STUDIES BUT THE IMPLICATIONS AT THESE LATTER ENERGY LEVELS ARE NOT CLEAR AT THIS TIME. THIS INFORMATION PROVIDES A BASIS FOR EVALUATING THE DIFFERENCES IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ASPHALTS WHICH CAN BE VALUABLE IN CLASSIFYING BITUMINOUS MATERIALS INTO SEPARATE CATEGORIES. BASED ON A GROSS CLASSIFICATION INTO NAPHTENIC, INTERMEDIATE OR AROMATIC TYPE ASPHALTS, THE RANGE OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PREDICTED FOR EACH TYPE AS A FUNCTION OF PROCESSING ARE DISCUSSED. THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CONSIDERED ARE PENETRATION, SOFTENING POINT, DUCTILITY AND CONSISTENCY IN ABSOLUTE UNITS. GENERALIZED CHARTS RELATING CONSISTENCY AND COMPLEX FLOW AND THE COMMON PHYSICAL TESTS USED BY ASPHALT TECHNOLOGISTS ARE PRESENTED. COMMENTS ARE MADE CONCERNING THE DURABILITY OF ASPHALTS AS A FUNCTION OF THEIR COMPOSITION. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/101113</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF A NEW NON-SKID SURFACE TREATMENT ON CONNECTICUT STATE HIGHWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/110227</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A NEWLY DEVELOPED NON-SKID SURFACE TREATMENT HAS BEEN APPLIED TO THE CONCRETE APRON AND TOLL BOOTH AREA AT THE MILFORD TOLL STATION ON THE CONNECTICUT WILBUR CROSS PARKWAY. THIS COATING, APPROXIMATELY 1/4 IN. IN THICKNESS, CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF SHARP, HARD AGGREGATE, APPROXIMATELY 35 MESH, PERMANENTLY BOUND TO THE CONCRETE DECK WITH A THERMOSETTING EPOXY RESIN. HEAVY TRAFFIC VOLUME THROUGH THE MILFORD TOLL BOOTH, ALONG WITH THE DEGRADING ACTION OF DE-ICING CHEMICALS, HAD CAUSED AN EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF CONCRETE SPALLING AND WEAR. THIS RESULTED IN A DANGEROUSLY SLIPPERY AREA WHERE AUTOMOBILES MUST CONTINUOUSLY STOP AND START. THE MATERIAL WAS APPLIED TO THIS AREA TO PREVENT SKIDDING, SMOOTH OUT THE ROUGH AND SPALLED AREAS, AND PROTECT THE CONCRETE APRON FROM FURTHER DEGRADATION. A SMALL CREW OF MEN MADE THE APPLICATION WITH EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS WHICH ARE PRESENTLY COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE. ALTHOUGH SOME INITIAL DIFFICULTIES WERE ENCOUNTERED, APPROXIMATLEY 12,000 SQ FT, INCLUDING TOLL BOOTHS AND A DOWNHILL APPROACH, WERE SUCCESSFULLY COATED IN A RELATIVELY SHORT TIME. THE GOOD SAFETY RECORD AT THE MILFORD TOLL BOOTH SINCE THE APPLICATION TWO YEARS AGO TESTIFIED TO THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COATING AS A SKID-PROOFING MATERIAL. FREQUENT PHYSICAL TESTING OF THE COATING HAS INDICATED LITTLE DEGRADATION OF THE COATING ITSELF OR OF ITS ADHESION TO THE CONCRETE DECK SINCE IT WAS APPLIED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/110227</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INTERIM REPORT ON THE USE OF EXPANDED SHALE AND PRECOATED LIMESTONE AS COVERSTONE FOR SEAL COAT AND SURFACE TREATMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/108331</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE RESULTS OF LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES ON THE USE OF ONE PRODUCERS CALCINED SHALE AS THE COVERSTONE FOR SEAL COAT AND SURFACE TREATMENT CONSTRUCTION ARE PRESENTED. LABORATORY STUDIES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING' /1/ THE INVESTIGATION OF COVERSTONE RETENTION AS AFFECTED BY THE RATE OF APPLICATION OF THE CALCINED SHALE, AND OF THE BINDER. TEST BOARDS WERE PREPARED USING SELECTED RATES OF APPLICATION OF AGGREGATE AND BINDER AND ROLLED WITH A PNEUMATIC TIRE. THE PERCENTAGE OF AGGREGATE NOT IMBEDDED WAS THEN DETERMINED. RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE PERCENTAGE OF AGGREGATE LOSS INCREASED WITH INCREASING RATES OF APPLICATION OF AGGREGATE AND DECREASED WITH INCREASING RATES OF APPLICATION OF BINDER. /2/ WINDSHIELD DAMAGE STUDIES WERE MADE WHERE AGGREGATE PARTICLES OF VARIOUS SIZES WERE SHOT FROM AN AIR GUN AT DIFFERENT VELOCITIES TO DETERMINE THE COMPARATIVE DAMAGE TO AUTOMOBILE WINDSHIELDS. THESE STUDIES SHOWED THE CALCINED SHALE TO BE POTENTIALLY FAR LESS DAMAGING THAN THE PRECOATED LIMESTONE AGGREGATE. /3/ PHYSICAL TEST CHARACTERISTICS WERE DETERMINED FOR THE CALCINED SHALE AGGREGATE, AND INCLUDED LOS ANGELES ABRASION TESTS WITH MODIFICATIONS, FREEZE-THAW TESTS AND SOUNDNESS TESTS. LOSSES IN ALL TESTS WERE RELATIVELY LOW. AGGREGATE DEGRADATION STUDIES WERE MADE ON SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM PAVEMENTS PRESENTLY IN SERVICE AND CONSTRUCTED FOLLOWING NORMAL PROCEDURES. THE DATA REPORTED THAT TIME IN SERVICE WAS NOT A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN CHANGING THE GRADING OF COVER AGGREGATE BUT RATHER THAT DEGRADATION WAS CAUSED MAINLY BY ROLLING DURING CONSTRUCTION. PNEUMATIC ROLLING ONLY IS RECOMMENDED.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/108331</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BINDER CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION. VOLUME 3: PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/404931</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research results in this report concern the characterization of physical properties of asphalt binders and the development of test procedures for aging and adhesion.  Asphalt binders were shown to be linear viscoelastic materials at expected pavement strains.  Test methods and models describing rheological behavior were developed with the assumption of linear behavior.  A mathematical model that contains parameters that can be used to relate physical and chemical parameters was developed.  The test methods and models allow the stiffness of asphalt binders to be characterized as a function of loading time and temperature with the dynamic shear rheometer at intermediate to upper pavement surface temperatures and with a newly developed bending beam rheometer at low temperatures, where thermal cracking is important.  To characterize fracture properties, the project developed a direct tension test, in which failure strain, stress, and energy are determined as functions of loading time and temperature.  Limited work on fatigue properties at low temperatures successfully related them to tensile properties.  A new phenomenon, low-temperature physical hardening, was identified during the project.  This phenomenon results in increased stiffness of the binder when it is held at a constant temperature at room temperature or below.  The blister test for quantitative measurement of adhesion between asphalt binder and aggregate surfaces was found to be impractical.  The investigation of various factors, including film thickness, aging temperature, the effect of oxygen versus air, and the effect of mineral surfaces, led to a new aging procedure for simulating in-service oxidative hardening of asphalt binders, which was adopted as part of the new Strategic Highway Research program (SHRP) binder specification.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/404931</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PHYSICAL TEST METHODS USED IN INVESTIGATING AGGREGATES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/101900</link>
      <description><![CDATA[RESEARCH IS REVIEWED WHICH HAS BEEN CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE THE FROST RESISTANCE OF AGGREGATES WHEN USED IN CONCRETE. TESTING PROCEDURE METHODS USED ARE (1) FREEZING AND THAWING OF CONCRETE CONTAINING THE AGGREGATES, (2) UNCONFINED FREEZING AND THAWING OF THE AGGREGATE ITSELF, AND (3) SIMULATION OF FREEZING AND THAWING THROUGH ALTERNATE DRYING AND IMMERSION IN SOME SORT OF SOLUTION. FREEZING AND THAWING TEST METHODS FOR CONCRETE ARE REVIEWED.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/101900</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL REACTIONS OF CARBONATE AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/101897</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SLIDES ARE SHOWN OF REACTIVE ROCK LOCATIONS IN VIRGINIA. THE CARBONATE AGGREGATE SOURCES IN VIRGINIA WERE SAMPLED TO DEVELOP OR EVALUATE TESTING PROCEDURES TO EVALUATE SPECIFIC MATERIALS AND UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISM OF THE REACTION. PRELIMINARY SAMPLING OF CARBONATE QUARRIES WERE CONDUCTED WITH THE ROCK PRISM TEST, CHEMICAL ANALYSES, AND PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION. AGGREGATES WERE STUDIED MINERALOGICALLY AS WELL AS IN ROCK PRISMS, MORTAR BARS, AND CONCRETE BEAMS. AGGREGATE EXPANSION IN SOME TYPICAL ROCK PRISM EXPANSIONS ARE SHOWN ON SLIDES. THE EXPANSION SHOWN IS NOT THE ABSOLUTE EXPANSION, BUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THAT CONTAINING THE EXPANSIVE AGGREGATE AND A CORRESPONDING CONCRETE CONTAINING A NON-EXPANSIVE GRANITE. THE STUDY INDICATES THAT THE REACTION IS RELATED TO THE AMOUNT OF THE REACTIVE MATERIAL IN THE CONCRETE. DATA ARE PRESENTED RELATING THE AVERAGE EXPANSION OF THREE CONCRETE BEAMS MADE WITH HIGH ALKALI CEMENT TO THE AVERAGE EXPANSION OF SIX PRISMS MADE FROM PIECES RANDOMLY SELECTED FORM THE SAMPLE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/101897</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HOT-MIXED BLACK BASE CONSTRUCTION USING NATURAL AGGREGATE- SYMPOSIUM-ASPHALT BOUND BASES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/100968</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF LOCAL AGGREGATES CAN BE USED FOR BLACK BASE CONSTRUCTION IF CERTAIN LIMITING FACTORS INHERENT TO GRAVEL, SANDS AND FILLERS AS THEY OCCUR IN NATURE ARE PROPERLY TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN THE DESIGN AND CONTROL OF THE MIX. FIVE SEPARATE STUDIES OR PROJECTS ARE SUMMARIZED TO PRESENT DATA PERTINENT TO THE USE OF NATURAL AGGREGATES IN HOT-MIXED BLACK COURSE CONSTRUCTION: (1) FIELD EXPERIENCE WITH THE SAND-GRAVEL BLACK BASE USED ON THE GARDEN STATE PARKWAY IN NEW JERSEY, (2) AN INVESTIGATION OF PRACTICAL GRADATION LIMITS FOR NATURAL AGGREGATE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE, (3) A STUDY OF PHYSICAL TEST PROPERTIES OF SAND- ASPHALT MIXES MADE WITH KANSAS SANDS, (4) AN EVALUATION OF NATURAL FILLERS MADE IN COOPERATION WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION, AND (5) WEST GERMAN EXPERIENCE, CRITERIA AND PRACTICES IN THEIR USE OF NATURAL AGGREGATES FOR HOT-MIXED BLACK BASE CONSTRUCTION. EVALUATION TECHNIQUES AND SOME SUGGESTED TOLERANCES AND CRITERIA BASED ON FIELD EXPERIENCE AND ON THESE STUDIES ARE OFFERED. TEST RESULTS AND FIELD EXPERIENCE WITH BLACK BASE CONSTRUCTION USING NATURAL AGGREGATE LEAD TO THE CONCLUSION THAT: (1) A WIDE RANGE OF SAND-GRAVEL MAY BE USED AS FAR AS GRADATION IS CONCERNED, (2) AS THE LOWER COURSES OF THE PAVEMENT DO NOT REACH AS HIGH TEMPERATURES AS THE SURFACE, PARTIAL STABILITY AT 140 F. IS NOT CRITICAL, (3) TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE PROTECTION AGAINST SURFACE RUTTING IT IS ADVISABLE TO MAINTAIN TOTAL VOIDS AT 5 TO 7 PERCENT FOR BOTH SAND AND SAND-GRAVEL MIXTURES AND THE ACCEPTABLE RANGE OF VOID FILLED WITH ASPHALT APPEARS TO BE 60-70 PERCENT FOR SAND-GRAVEL AT 65-75 PERCENT FOR SAND MIXTURES, (4) NATURAL FILLERS OCCURING AS MINUS NO. 200 MATERIAL IN AGGREGATE DEPOSITS SHOULD BE TESTED IN ADVANCE AND NATURAL FILLERS WHICH HAVE A PRONOUNCED EFFECT ON PENETRATION AND DUCTILITY OF THE FILLER-BITUMEN ORDER SHOULD BE AVOIDED, (5) FIELD EXPERIENCE INDICATES THAT, DUE TO THE SOFTENING EFFECT OF SOLVENTS AND SOLVENT VAPORS ON ASPHALT BOUND BASES, EMULSION RATHER THAN CUT-BACK SHOULD BE USED FOR TACK COATS, AND (6) ECONOMICAL AND SATISFACTORY BLACK BASE MIXTURE CAN BE PRODUCED USING A WIDE RANGE OF LOCAL MATERIALS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 21 May 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/100968</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE SAMPLING OF BULK MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/106559</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE PROBLEMS OF SAMPLING OF BULK MATERIALS ARE TESTED IN TWO PARTS' THE PHYSICAL ASPECTS AND AND THE STATISTICAL ASPECTS. ALTHOUGH MANY PHYSICAL MODELS ARE VERY GOOD, STATISTICS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO FURTHER IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRECISION AND ECONOMY OF SAMPLING. BULK MATERIALS AND THE COMMON METHODS OF HANDLING AND SAMPLING THEM ARE DESCRIBED. THE VARIOUS STATISTICAL METHODS THAT HAVE BEEN USED TO CONTROL SAMPLING, TO EXPERIMENT WITH WAYS OF IMPROVING SAMPLING, AND TO MEASURE THE VARIABILITY OF MATERIALS ARE ILLUSTRATED USING A WIDE REPRESENTATION OF MATERIALS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 May 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/106559</guid>
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