https://trid.trb.org/ en-us Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod) tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod) https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg https://trid.trb.org/ https://trid.trb.org/View/2364646 Fri, 19 Apr 2024 09:48:27 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/2364646 https://trid.trb.org/View/2077053 Thu, 19 Jan 2023 11:23:25 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/2077053 https://trid.trb.org/View/1678315 Tue, 21 Jan 2020 09:48:33 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1678315 https://trid.trb.org/View/1678313 Tue, 21 Jan 2020 09:48:33 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1678313 https://trid.trb.org/View/1512665 Tue, 29 May 2018 16:02:25 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1512665 https://trid.trb.org/View/1505821 Sun, 29 Apr 2018 19:16:57 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1505821 https://trid.trb.org/View/1463733 Tue, 09 May 2017 15:49:04 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1463733 https://trid.trb.org/View/1345698 Tue, 31 Mar 2015 08:53:59 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1345698 https://trid.trb.org/View/1347674 Tue, 31 Mar 2015 08:53:52 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1347674 https://trid.trb.org/View/1347673 Tue, 31 Mar 2015 08:53:40 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1347673 https://trid.trb.org/View/1347675 3,000 urban areas in the contiguous U.S. To develop these estimates, they first utilized data on historical merchandise imports and insect incursions to estimate an annual U.S. rate of alien insect species establishment with trade. Next, they used historical data on pest interceptions to calculate the proportion of all insects arriving at U.S. ports of entry that are associated with forest hosts. The authors then combined these results to estimate a nationwide establishment rate for alien forest insects. Finally, they used international and domestic commodity flow networks to allocate this nationwide rate to individual U.S. urban areas. For 2010, they estimated the nationwide rate as 1.89 new alien forest insect species per year. While the establishment rates observed at most urban areas are low (<0.005 new species/year), selected areas can expect the establishment of new alien forest insect species every 5-15 years. Their second study analyzed forest insect spread with firewood and developed related dispersal functions for application in spatially explicit models. The primary data source was the U.S. National Recreation Reservation Service database, which records camper reservations at >2500 locations nationwide. The authors used “origin-destination” data for >7 million individual reservations (including visits from Canada) to construct an empirical dispersal kernel that estimates the likelihood of spreading an invasive organism as a function of geographic distance. They then fitted the data with various theoretical distributions. The data appear to be strongly leptokurtic and fairly well fit by the unbounded Johnson (SU) distribution (the lognormal distribution fit similarly). Most campers (~53%) traveled <100 km, but ~10% traveled >500 km (and as far as 5500 km). Additionally, the authors examined the impact of geographic region and proximity to major national parks and urban centers on the shape of the dispersal kernel, and found that mixture distributions may fit better in such circumstances. These assessments represent initial steps toward improved depiction of human-assisted dispersal potential, and provide important functional inputs for quantitative models of invasion. Future work will focus on applications of the results in comprehensive, cross-border (U.S.-Canada) analyses of pest invasion risk and for specific probabilistic modeling efforts to trace the origins of established or anticipated infestations.]]> Tue, 31 Mar 2015 08:53:39 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1347675 https://trid.trb.org/View/1238462 Tue, 29 Jan 2013 09:28:06 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1238462 https://trid.trb.org/View/1218972 Wed, 28 Nov 2012 09:36:35 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1218972 https://trid.trb.org/View/1143930 Fri, 20 Jul 2012 10:39:19 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/1143930 https://trid.trb.org/View/860633 Mon, 30 Jun 2008 08:30:16 GMT https://trid.trb.org/View/860633