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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>An IoT Oriented Development Framework for Prototyping User Experience on Vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1640589</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many organizations have tried to establish novel communication style among passengers using on-board electronic devices related with modern automotive systems that consists of various hardware and software. Although several robotic middle-wares have been proposed to manage and develop such systems, it is too difficult for artists to implement user experiences. To overcome the problem, the authors introduce a practical framework inspired by building blocks of Internet of Things, which consists of three elements based on IPv4 communication type related with the blocks. Applying an example implementation to several prototyping products on vehicles, suitability and feasibility of the authors' framework are practically confirmed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Oct 2019 14:42:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1640589</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FineRoute: Personalized and Time-Aware Route Recommendation Based on Check-Ins</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1489126</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rapid expansion of urbanization and the fast pace of life result in abundant choices with little time for people to manage routes. A proper planning route enables us to enjoy life better with fewer time and energy costs. Therefore, route planning becomes too valuable to be ignored. At the same time, with the popularity of mobile devices, location sensing, and Web 2.0 technologies, location-based social networks (e.g., Facebook Palaces and Foursquare) have attracted millions of users to share their visited locations and other information, which generates large amounts of user check-in data. These data can be used to mine users’ preferences and time information for recommending routes. In this paper, the authors propose FineRoute, a personalized and time-sensitive route recommendation system. The author take three factors users’ preferences, proper visiting time, and transition time into consideration for the route generation. First, the authors infer users’ preferences by constructing a three-dimensional tensor, with three dimensions representing users, locations, and time, respectively. Second, the authors obtain the proper visiting time for certain locations, as well as the transition time between two locations from the check-in dataset. Moreover, the authors adopt Kullback–Leibler divergence in order to measure the quality of a route in terms of the proper visiting month and the proper visiting hour. Finally, the authors propose a route generation algorithm by extending the classic longest path algorithm. The authors conduct experiments on a real-world check-in dataset and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of their scheme.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Nov 2017 09:19:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1489126</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Resource Allocation for D2D Communications Underlay in Rayleigh Fading Channels</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1455611</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Device-to-device (D2D) communication has attracted substantial research attention recently, due to its potential to improve coverage, spectrum efficiency, and energy efficiency within the existing cellular infrastructure. One major challenge for spectrum resource sharing in D2D underlay lies in the mutual interference between cellular user equipments (CUEs) and D2D user equipments (DUEs). Considering this mutual interference constraint, this work investigates the problem of optimal matching of D2D links and CUEs to form spectrum-sharing partners to maximize ergodic sum rates under transmit power and outage constraints. Unlike previous works, full channel-state information (CSI) is not required. To solve the resulting high-complexity problem, candidate DUE sets are first narrowed down according to required outage probability constraints, which are used to construct a simplified bipartite graph. The weight of the bipartite graph is characterized as the maximization of ergodic sum rate of the associated D2D and cellular links under outage constraints for which a low-complexity algorithm is proposed to solve the nonconvex problem. After constructing the bipartite graph, the Hungarian algorithm is used to determine the optimal pairing between D2D links and CUEs. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can improve the outage-constrained spectrum efficiency of D2D networks with practical complexity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Mar 2017 17:18:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1455611</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Femto-Aided Location Tracking Algorithm in LTE-A Heterogeneous Networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1445887</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In dense urban or indoor environments under a weak global positioning system (GPS) signal, the Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) system can provide range measurements for location estimation of mobile stations (MSs). Based on the reference signals transmitted from macro base stations (mBSs), femto BS (fBSs), and neighbor MSs in LTE-A heterogeneous networks (HetNets), the femto-aided cooperative location tracking (FACLT) algorithm is proposed to estimate an MS's position. Since fBSs are user-deployed in the residential or business buildings, the locations of fBSs are usually not known exactly. Moreover, an MS can communicate with its neighbor MSs with the support of device-to-device (D2D) communications. To deal with the uncertain neighbor MSs' positions and the imprecise fBSs' positions, the authors utilize a Bayesian framework to investigate a distributed cooperative location tracking problem and a particle filter (PF) to develop the FACLT algorithm. Different femto-aided strategies are adopted to deal with the uncertainty of fBS position. The utilization of the PF not only allows the fusion of time difference of arrival (TDOA) and two-way time of arrival (TW-TOA) measurements but enables the line-of-sight (LOS)/non-LOS (NLOS) condition as well, based on the information of the Markov model or indoor map. Performance evaluation is conducted based on the system-level simulation of LTE-A HetNet environments, where the proposed FACLT algorithm using the assistive fBSs and cooperative MSs provides better location tracking of MSs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2017 17:12:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1445887</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A New Data Transmission Strategy in Mobile D2D Networks—Deterministic, Greedy, or Planned Opportunistic Routing?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1445875</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the authors study the problem of delay-constrained data transmission in mobile opportunistic device-to-device networks. In contrast to the deterministic or greedy single-copy single-path (SCSP) and multicopy multipath (MCMP) routing schemes that have been discussed in the literature, the authors develop a planned opportunistic routing scheme that aims to determine the optimal single-copy multipath (SCMP) transmission strategy that satisfies the delay requirement and, at the same time, minimizes communication cost. The authors first address the unicast by formulating the optimization problem and developing a distributed routing algorithm under practical network settings. Then, the authors explore optimal multicast strategies based on the SCMP transmissions. The authors implement the proposed algorithms on Android tablets and carry out extensive experiments, each with 25 nodes, for a period of two weeks. Moreover, the authors extract the algorithm codes from the prototype and run simulations based on the Haggle trace to study performance trends under various network settings. The experimental and simulation results show that the proposed protocols achieve significant performance gain in comparison with their counterparts based on SCSP and MCMP transmissions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2017 17:12:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1445875</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study of Coupling Technologies for Personal Vehicle Transit</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1427624</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Personal vehicle transit is focused on as a key technology to solve transit issues in Japan. Some traveling salesmen and deliverymen in urban areas travel using personal vehicles instead of vehicles or motorcycles. However, few families use personal vehicles. This study investigates coupling technologies that will encourage families to purchase personal vehicles. Coupling technologies should offer reliability, operability, and cost balance. Therefore, the authors comparatively evaluate three coupling devices having different characteristics using identical personal vehicles. All the coupling devices use vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The characteristics of these coupling devices are explained, and their present accomplishments are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Oct 2016 16:57:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1427624</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Joint Admission Control, Mode Selection, and Power Allocation in D2D Communication Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1423922</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Device-to-device (D2D) communications can help in achieving the higher data rate targets in emerging wireless networks. The use of D2D communication imposes certain challenges such as interference with the cellular and D2D users. A well-designed joint admission control, network mode selection, and power allocation technique in a cellular network with D2D capability can improve overall throughput. The proposed technique jointly maximizes the total throughput and number of admitted users in cellular networks under quality-of-service (QoS) and interference constraints. The joint admission control, mode selection, and power allocation problem (JACMSPA) falls into a class of mixed-integer nonlinear constraint optimization problems that are generally NP-hard. Due to the combinatorial nature of the problem, its optimal solution needs exhaustive search of integer variables whose complexity increases exponentially with the number of user pairs. In this paper, the authors invoke outer approximation approach (OAA)-based linearization technique to solve the JACMSPA. The proposed method gives guaranteed ε-optimal solution with reasonable computational complexity. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2016 09:50:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1423922</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bridge Performance in Asynchronous Cognitive Personal Area Networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1423940</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bridging between two cognitive personal area networks (CPANs) is a fundamental step toward a reliable and efficient routing protocol. In this paper, the authors describe a bridging protocol for two-hop cognitive networks that use the transmission tax-based medium access control and propose ways to prioritize bridge traffic over that of ordinary nodes in both CPANs. The authors develop an analytical model based on probabilistic modeling and queueing theory to evaluate the performance of the bridging protocol. The authors validate the network performance by analyzing the waiting time of local and nonlocal packets and how the node or bridge transmission is affected by the collision with primary-source activity. The authors' results provide insights into the impact of various traffic and network parameters on the performance of two-hop bridging. The results indicate that the proposed protocol is effective and efficient when the bridge transfers a moderate amount of traffic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2016 09:50:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1423940</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Friendly-Sharing: Improving the Performance of City Sensoring through Contact-Based Messaging Applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1424450</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Regular citizens equipped with smart devices are being increasingly used as “sensors” by Smart Cities applications. Using contacts among users, data in the form of messages is obtained and shared. Contact-based messaging applications are based on establishing a short-range communication directly between mobile devices, and on storing the messages in these devices for subsequent delivery to cloud-based services. An effective way to increase the number of messages that can be shared is to increase the contact duration. The authors thus introduce the Friendly-Sharing diffusion approach, where, during a contact, the users are aware of the time needed to interchange the messages stored in their buffers, and they can thus decide to wait more time in order to increase the message sharing probability. The performance of this approach is anyway closely related to the size of the buffer in the device. The authors therefore compare various policies either for the message selection at forwarding times and for message dropping when the buffer is full. The authors evaluate the proposal with a modified version of the Opportunistic Networking Environment (ONE) simulator and using real human mobility traces.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2016 09:50:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1424450</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Boosting Spatial Reuse via Multiple-Path Multihop Scheduling for Directional mmWave WPANs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1422518</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With huge unlicensed bandwidth available in most parts of the world, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications in the 60-GHz band has been considered as one of the most promising candidates to support multigigabit wireless services. Due to high propagation loss of mmWave channels, beamforming is likely to be adopted as an essential technique. Consequently, transmission in the 60-GHz band is inherently directional. Directivity enables concurrent transmissions (spatial reuse), which can be fully exploited to improve network capacity. In this paper, the authors propose a multipath multihop scheduling scheme, which is known as multipath multihop (MPMH), for mmWave wireless personal area networks (WPANs), where the traffic across links of low channel quality is transmitted through multiple paths of multiple hops to unleash the potential of spatial reuse. The authors formulate the problem of MPMH as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP), which is generally NP-hard. To enable the implementation of the multipath multihop transmission in practice, the authors propose a heuristic scheme including path selection, traffic distribution, and MPMH to efficiently solve the formulated problem. Finally, through extensive simulations, the authors demonstrate that MPMH achieves near-optimal network performance in terms of transmission delay and throughput and enhances network performance significantly, compared with existing protocols.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Sep 2016 11:18:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1422518</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proposal for Novel Bus Location System Using Wireless Sensor Network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1321235</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many existing bus location systems use a cellular network for collecting bus location information and for delivering bus operation information to bus stops. On the other hand, in order to operate the bus location system continuously, local governments and small-and-medium-sized bus companies that operate a community bus have an overwhelming need to reduce running costs as much as possible. In this paper, the authors propose a novel bus location system using Wireless Sensor Network that requires no communication cost. In the proposed system, a wireless sensor network consists of multiple IEEE802.15.4-compliant sensor nodes that are installed in buses, bus stops and street lights along bus routes, and some information are transmitted on the network. The authors conducted a prototype system in some bus service area. As a result, it was confirmed that a bus location system can be realized using the wireless sensor network built in the actual environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Sep 2014 09:07:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1321235</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deploying ITS Sub Architectures over IMS (4G NGN)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1320771</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The development of mobile phone technology, beginning in the introduction of the first cellular systems in the mid-eighties, caused a rupture in the telecommunications industry service model. To fill the gaps created by the technological breakthrough in the service availability architecture, which arose in the transition from first generation (analog) to the second (digital) and the popularization of Internet access, the 3GPP (an ITU-T group) has developed a model that resulted in an architecture called IMS -IP Multimedia Subsystem. The IMS architecture was initially developed in order to meet the needs of 3GPP in the context of cellular systems and became the basis of the session control architecture for third-generation networks (3G) and their evolution (4G and beyond), where the focus is no longer the increase in capacity or bandwidth, but the interoperability between heterogeneous access networks, such as LTE and WiMAX, enhanced services control and service quality. Based on the premise that several ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) services is already available on mobile devices (embedded or portable), the proposed architecture of 3GPP (IMS) can be extended to cover ITS applications in order to provide interoperability, enhanced services control and quality control. The IMS also can be used to implement the ITS sub architectures because it has the ability to provide multiple ITS services on the same session, regardless the different types of mobile devices and access technologies used to bring these services.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Aug 2014 09:11:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1320771</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Using Social Media to Predict Traffic Flow under Special Event Conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1288769</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Social media is great resource of user-generated contents. Public attention, opinion and hot topics can be captured in the social media, which provides the ability to predict human related events. Since social media can be retrieved in real time with relatively small building and maintenance costs, traffic operation authorities probably identify the social media data as another type sensor for traffic demand. One of those challenges is how to extract reliable traffic related features from big and noisy social media data. The other challenge is how to locate a feasible traffic study that fits well with social media data. In this paper, the authors aim to use social media information to assist traffic flow prediction under special event conditions. Specially, a short-term traffic flow prediction model, incorporated with tweet features, is developed to forecast the incoming traffic flow prior to sport game events. Both tweet rate features and semantic features are included in the prediction model. The authors examine and compare the performance of four regression methods, respectively autoregressive model, neural networks model, support vector regression, and k-nearest neighbor, with and without social media features. To the end, they show the benefit gained by including social media information in the prediction model and its computational efficiency for potential practical applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Feb 2014 10:12:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1288769</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Using Social Media Data to Understand and Assess Disaster</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1289614</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper contributes to the understanding of disasters from the perspective of social media activities. They authors develop a disaster related ratio (DRR) measure based on Twitter activities that can be used to quantify the evolution of disasters and thus demonstrate a close connection between disaster and social media activities. They also show a close relationship between hurricane damages and DRR.  Findings strongly suggest the potential of using social media activities for rapid damage assessment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 2014 09:19:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1289614</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring the links between personal networks, time use, and the spatial distribution of social contacts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1253723</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The focus of this study is the relationship between social networks and the temporal and social characteristics of social activities. The authors explore the link between “medium/long term decisions” (those related to social networks) and “short/medium term decisions” (those involving daily social activities). Two key aspects in the study of social networks’ role in travel behavior are contributed through this research: social network structure and spatiality of all individuals participating in the social activities.  Using structural equation modeling and evaluating data linking personal networks and time use, the impact of individual and interactional attributes on duration, distance, and number of people in social activities is studied. Tie social closeness, gender, age similarity, and network density are found to contribute to the understanding of social activity duration and distance. While sociodemographic aspects such as income, occupation, and accessibility also help explain the spatiotemporal dimension of daily activities, these factors should be accompanied by variables related to the social context in order to ensure greater accuracy in evaluating duration and distance traveled to social activities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jul 2013 13:57:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1253723</guid>
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