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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Mechanism of Pipeline-Induced Road Collapse under Low Groundwater Levels: Insights from Erosion Dynamics and Engineering Implications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681255</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban road collapses cause substantial economic losses and social disruption while directly compromising the integrity of underlying pipeline networks. Despite extensive research on failures stemming from underground water seepage following pipeline damage, the collapse mechanisms triggered when groundwater levels fall below the pipeline burial depth remain insufficiently understood. This study employs a combined approach of laboratory model experiments and software simulations to systematically investigate water flow–induced soil erosion and its impact on road collapse following pipeline damage. The results demonstrated that under low-groundwater conditions, the extent of erosion into the pipeline correlates positively with soil permeability. Moreover, the formation and lateral expansion of cavities—observed even at small scales—indicate an urgent need to extend monitoring zones and implement reinforcement strategies over wider areas. In scenarios with low soil permeability, vortex formation inside pipelines leads to elevated wall pressures, further underscoring the importance of proactive surveillance of adjacent pipeline segments, particularly during periods of reduced water supply. These findings not only advance the theoretical understanding of erosion mechanisms but also provide a rigorous foundation for developing risk-based maintenance and preemptive measures to enhance pipeline system integrity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 09:40:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681255</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Simulating Water Balance of Road Embankment Lysimeters</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113189</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An alternative to dumping mineral materials containing moderate amounts of contaminants into landfills is to reuse them in road embankments and noise protection barriers. To ensure groundwater protection, seepage of precipitation water through these materials must be omitted or reduced to a minimum. Embankments consisting of both cohesive and coarse-grained soil materials under various designs of cover layers were investigated within six field lysimeters. To gain the understanding of the water balance, quantities of seepage water, as well as runoff in the cover layers and on the surface were monitored. When using moderately contaminated materials in earthworks, reliable prediction of the water balance is crucial. Thus, in this study 2.5 years of the lysimeter experiments were modeled using the finite element software Vadose/W. Results were compared to the experimental data. The unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of the core materials were known from experimental investigations. Those of the topsoil and the shoulder material were estimated from databases of similar soils. A climate boundary condition represented the daily mean of the actual climate data on-site including road runoff. The modeled water balances were in good agreement with the field data for the cohesive core material of low permeability. However, a tendency to overestimate of seepage water was observed, which was even higher in the lysimeters with coarse-grained materials. This is linked to the water-permeability of the shoulder material and demonstrates that the cover layers have a major influence on the water balance of the whole embankment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 17:09:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113189</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Use of Draintube Drainage Geocomposites Under Railway Infrastructures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113173</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Railway construction involves substantial earthworks (embankments and cuttings). Cuttings may reach the water table, and embankments may need preloading when on soft soils. Even during operation of the railway line, the ballast put into place under the railways undergoes densification and degradation over time which reduces the hydraulic conductivity of the material. This phenomenon may affect the durability of the structure if the ballast is not able to evacuate the water during heavy rainfall, flooding or snowmelt. Drainage systems for soil water were traditionally made with granular material layers and perforated collector pipes, one of the main reasons being the ability of that system to support heavy loads over time. As their flow capacity is not load or time-sensitive when confined in soil, drainage geocomposites with mini-pipes Draintube are often used instead of the granular drainage layers. At the different stages of the railway construction, it protects the cuttings against high water table, decreases the time for consolidation on soft soils and increases the overall drainage capacity of the system under ballast. It also allows the use of Hydraulically Bound Materials (HBMs) on top of it. This publication presents a case study for each application, along with the related laboratory study or on-site monitoring. Drainage geocomposites with mini-pipes have been successfully used for 30 years; the product is designed for each project function of the specific site conditions. It requires less machinery to install and reduces the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions compared to a granular material solution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 17:09:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113173</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Scattering by composite poroelastic–rigid plates in flow using the unified transform method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2700557</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Unified Transform Method (UTM) is applied for the first time to acoustic scattering by poroelastic plates in uniform grazing flow. We extend the UTM framework to incorporate low-Mach-number flow over either a finite poroelastic plate or a composite plate composed of alternating impermeable rigid and poroelastic sections. The method captures edge singularities through tailored basis functions and avoids the kernel factorization difficulties of Wiener–Hopf approaches, while remaining computationally efficient. A flow-dependent Rayleigh conductivity is introduced to quantify how porosity effects are modified by grazing flow under both plane-wave and point quadrupole excitation. Results reveal a Strouhal-controlled regime in which flow can modulate the noise-reducing properties of pores, but beyond this limit the effects of pores are nullified completely. For composite plates, the placement and length of poroelastic inserts and their rigid supports relative to the trailing edge are critical: downstream inserts, when sufficiently long, provide the most effective suppression of trailing-edge noise and elastic insert displacement. These findings demonstrate the UTM as a versatile semi-analytical framework for analyzing noise-control strategies with poroelastic surfaces in flow.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 09:39:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2700557</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Consolidation of unsaturated composite foundation with permeable short piles and impermeable long piles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663858</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Multi-pile composite foundation technology is widely used to reinforce layered unsaturated ground. In such foundations, impermeable piles enhance bearing capacity, while permeable piles accelerate consolidation. The integration of long and short piles provides improved construction adaptability and cost efficiency over single pile configurations. However, given that most natural soils exist under unsaturated conditions, the consolidation characteristics of foundations with mixed pile types remain insufficiently understood under such conditions. This study introduces a consolidation model with a centrally located permeable short pile (PSP) surrounded by impermeable long piles (ILP). Under the assumption of equal strain, governing equations are formulated to analyze the consolidation characteristics of unsaturated composite foundations with PSP and ILP. The Laplace transform and transfer matrix technique are used to obtain semi-analytical solutions for excess pore pressures and settlement. Subsequently, time-domain analytical solutions for excess pore air pressure (EPAP), excess pore water pressure (EPWP), and settlement are obtained using Crump’s method. The accuracy of these solutions is validated by comparison with degeneration methods and numerical simulations. Finally, the consolidation performance of the PSP-ILP foundation is examined through parametric studies. The results indicate that increasing the length ratio of PSP to ILP, as well as enhancing the area replacement ratios and compression moduli of both pile types, significantly accelerates the dissipation of excess pore pressures and reduces overall settlement. Furthermore, variations in ILP parameters exert a more pronounced influence on the consolidation behavior than those of the PSP.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 08:50:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663858</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A New Generation of Multifunctional Hydrophobic and Luminescent Asphalt Emulsion for Pavement Applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665434</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While modern technologies such as porous mixes can help delay road submersion by facilitating rapid rainwater infiltration, their durability and long-term performance are often inadequate. The objective of this study was to introduce a novel approach to creating a new generation of asphalt emulsions with enhanced water repellency and luminescence properties. To achieve this objective, a laboratory test factorial was developed to modify two types of asphalt emulsions with a superhydrophobic nanomaterial, polytetrafluoroethylene, and a Europium-doped strontium aluminate luminescent material. Laboratory test results indicated that all tested emulsion blends exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity, as evidenced by contact angle measurements exceeding 90°. Meanwhile, incorporating luminescent materials enhanced nighttime visibility but slightly reduced hydrophobicity due to their hydrophilic nature. Further, permeability tests revealed reduced water infiltration for all modified emulsions, indicating enhanced waterproof properties of the asphalt surface, irrespective of the type of asphalt emulsion used. The study also assessed the effects on aggregate retention and adhesion strength, indicating an increase in aggregate loss and a decrease in bond strength with the integration of hydrophobic and luminescent characteristics. However, nearly all measurements remained within the acceptable range of 10% aggregate loss, predicting an adequate performance in the field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 08:50:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665434</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multiscale Understanding of Pervious Concrete Using Digital Packing and Automated Permeability Testing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696018</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project develops a digital framework to better understand and predict the performance of pervious concrete. The work integrates (i) establishing a database of true three-dimensional (3-D) shapes and surface texture of coarse aggregates in pervious concrete, (ii) development of an automated permeability testing system for conducting reliable and robust measurements of hydraulic conductivity, (iii) reconstruction of a customizable 3-D digital model of pervious concrete by packing the digitalized coarse aggregates from database, which is validated by the key pore characteristics and reference testing results from automated hydraulic conductivity measurement.
To achieve the above-mentioned integration, the research will proceed through a series of coordinated actions. First, the research team will establish a database of digitalized coarse aggregates for modelling pervious concrete by employing an industrial-grade blue-laser 3-D scanner to obtain the true 3-D shape and surface texture of over 1000 coarse aggregates. The quantity of 1000 digitalized coarse aggregates is an adequate number for enabling digital packing. Next, an automated and robust permeability testing system will be developed to perform hydraulic conductivity measurement on pervious concrete specimens with controlled porosity, which provides reliable high-quality experimental results for model validation. Finally, the team will build a customizable 3-D model of pervious concrete cylinder by packing digital coarse aggregates from the database, which can predict the pore structure and transport behavior of stormwater in pervious concrete. The research  team has rich experience in digitalization of materials and developing experimental data-based 3-D models for modelling engineering properties and will complete developing the automated hydraulic conductivity testing system in six months. This testing system will include multiple high-frequency sensors simultaneously collecting pressure change data and flow rate change date, which can balance the accuracy, robustness, efficiency, and cost of hydraulic conductivity test. This framework ties together physical testing and advanced modeling to deliver practical, field-ready guidance with the objective of improving the efficiency and accuracy of pervious concrete design and reducing the construction cost of pervious concrete.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 17:09:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696018</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mechanisms of failure and permeability evolution in gas-bearing strata under tunnel-induced stress paths</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2653172</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The potential danger of tunnel gas hazards increases with the complexity of geological conditions, resulting in major casualties, huge economic losses and seriously affecting the normal construction progress of tunnels. Addressing the core issues of the lagging nature of static prediction and the weak mechanistic research in dynamic models in existing early warning methods, a new idea of gas disaster early warning that integrates geological damage evolution and multi-physics coupling is proposed. Based on the coal-rock damage-seepage synergistic evolution mechanism, a multi-field coupled control equation considering dynamic excavation effect, Klinkenberg effect and gas desorption characteristics was constructed, and a damage-seepage coupled numerical model was established based on COMSOL. By simulating the whole excavation process of the tunnel through the coal, the spatial and temporal evolution of the gas dynamic outflow is revealed: with the increase of the excavation distance, the gas pressure perturbation shows obvious nonlinear characteristics, and the cumulative outflow is regulated by the multifactorial nonlinearities of the coal seam gas pressure, the thickness of the coal seam, the depth of the tunnel, and the excavation step spacing. Engineering validation demonstrates that the model has a prediction average relative error rate of 2.1%, which is considered to be an effective reflection of the gas outflow pattern in actual projects. The resultant framework provides a mechanism-rich yet practical tool for dynamic risk assessment of gas disasters in deep tunnels, with direct implications for the development of reliable early-warning systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 14:30:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2653172</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The influence of key design factors on voids characterisation and the balance between permeability and strength performance of porous asphalt concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657423</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Void parameter is the critical factor to the balance design of drainage function and structural strength of porous asphalt concrete (PAC). However, the comprehensive influence of composition design factors on void characteristics is still unclear. To address this problem, the key factors affecting the composition design of PAC in the three stages of material selection, proportion design and compaction were considered, and the three-dimensional meso void distribution characteristics of PAC were obtained by using X-ray CT scanning and digital image processing technology. Combined with the test results of permeability coefficient and indirect tensile strength, the correlation between permeability and strength performance with void parameters was analyzed. The results showed that the average void coordination number has a better correlation with performance than porosity. The performance is mainly affected by large voids, while small voids exhibit no significant correlation with performance, which may be attributed to the limited detection resolution for submillimeter-scale voids. The shape of coarse aggregate has little effect on the total porosity, but the difference of meso void structure leads to distinct performance variations. Reducing the amount of 0–3 mm fine aggregates is an effective way to improve the permeability of PAC. Excessive compaction times reduce permeability by diminishing void connectivity, while also having the potential to fracture aggregates, thereby compromising the skeletal framework and resulting in strength reduction. The surplus asphalt not only fills small voids, but also reduces the cohesion. Appropriate asphalt content and compaction times are conducive to the balance of permeability and strength of PAC.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 14:30:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657423</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEXTGEN Concrete - Tests of the Future: Chloride Diffusion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689429</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is seeking to maximize the durability of newly constructed structural elements. As part of this goal, FDOT needs to do a better job assessing concrete mixes for specific structural applications. This assessment needs to adapt to the ever-changing physical, chemical, and market issues associated with concrete’s constituent ingredients. FDOT needs to allow the industry to use innovative new materials as well as existing materials in new combinations to optimize the performance of concrete. We need to apply to our mixes a series of screening tests that robustly assess their durability in specific FDOT applications and environments. Specifically, we need tests that measure a mix’s chloride and sulfate durability. These are key, materials-related factors that influence the durability of our new structures. In light of this, a research project, BEE02 “NEXTGEN Concrete - Tests of the Future: Chloride and Sulfate Durability,” was developed to establish thresholds for several screening test methods, including AASHTO T358 (SR), AASHTO TP119 (BR), and Modified ASTM C1202 for sulfate permeability. In addition to the test methods included in BEE02, it is also important to investigate chloride diffusion so that the SR and BR test results can be verified and validated with direct chloride diffusion results. Moreover, the chloride diffusion coefficients can be used as inputs for service life models. Thus, this project was developed as a companion project to BEE02 to investigate the chloride diffusion rates using both bulk diffusion (ASTM C1556) and rapid migration (NT Build 492) tests. Based on testing results, the target diffusion coefficients were derived based on a design service life of 75 years for different structural components. The correlations between resistivity and bulk diffusion coefficients were also established. Using this information, the thresholds were recommended for both SR and BR tests for the extremely aggressive environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 14:33:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2689429</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Installation of KOCH Bridge Joint Systems on Board of Affairs Contract Number 100725</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680604</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) Maintenance and Bridge Engineers have been looking for a satisfactory water tight bridge joint device or system for many years. 27 KOCH Bridge Joint Systems (KOCH BJS) have been installed on an elevated portion of I-40, located in downtown Oklahoma City. The KOCH BJS Units were installed under a bridge joint repair project. All KOCH BJS Units replaced other types of "water tight" bridge joint devices which had failed. KOCH Bridge Joint Systems are a proprietary product which has been used for 18 years in Europe, but is still relatively unknown in the U.S. KOCH BJS Units carry a two-year warranty covering materials and installation. Repairs usually consist of overlaying the KOCH BJS Units with modified asphalt. The ease with which KOCH BJS Units can be repaired give them an advantage over many bridge joint systems, which must be removed for repairs, then replaced. Average Daily Traffic (ADT) in the area where the KOCH BJS Units were installed is 80,000. It was necessary to close one traffic lane at a time during installation. Some congestion did result from the lane closings, otherwise the units were installed with a minimum of interruption to motorists.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 04 Apr 2026 17:15:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680604</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Permeable Polyurethane Grouting Method for Rapid Pavement Repair: Full-Scale Model Testing Case and Numerical Simulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676707</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To address pavement defects such as cracking and loosening caused by increased highway traffic volume and heavy-duty vehicles, and to enhance structural load-bearing capacity and service life, a novel high-permeability, strong-bonding polymer grouting material has been developed for pavement rehabilitation. This study investigated the deflection characteristics and mechanical behavior of pavement structures before and after permeable polymer grouting repairs through full-scale model testing. A pavement model was developed to simulate pavement response under dynamic loading. Research findings indicate that permeable polymer grouting effectively improves the condition of damaged road surfaces. Surface layer index SCI, base layer index BDI, and subgrade index D8 all showed significant reductions. This confirms that polymers not only effectively consolidate fragmented base layers but also enhance the overall stiffness of the surface layer and subgrade through permeation and diffusion. The numerical simulation results closely align with the measured data trends, validating the reliability of the established model in predicting repair effectiveness. These findings provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the engineering application of polymer grouting repair technology and the prevention and control of structural defects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:46:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676707</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of the Permeability of Sand During Liquefaction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679010</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examined the change in the permeability of clean sand during soil liquefaction under dynamic loading. Several studies proposed empirical expressions for estimating the permeability variation during liquefaction as a function of the excess pore pressure ratio. These formulations remained limited because no comprehensive expression existed for predicting the excess pore pressure ratio while considering influencing parameters such as acceleration, frequency, relative density, depth, layer thickness, and time. A detailed parametric analysis was carried out using a numerical finite-difference model to evaluate the evolution of the excess pore pressure ratio with respect to these variables. The analysis results supported the development of a generalized expression for the excess pore pressure ratio, providing a more accurate estimation of the permeability coefficient of homogeneous sandy soils during liquefaction. The validity of the proposed function was assessed through comparison with centrifuge test data available in the literature, and the predicted values showed good agreement with the measured results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:44:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679010</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEXTGEN Concrete - Tests of the Future: Chloride and Sulfate Durability</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679084</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To enhance the durability of newly constructed structural elements, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is seeking concrete mixes that are designed and approved based on element type and service conditions. As one of the most important concerns on concrete, the durability of concrete needs to be robustly assessed with a series of screening tests. Specifically, the chloride and sulfate durability need to be further evaluated. FDOT has elected to move forward with the surface resistivity (SR) test method based on AASHTO T358 and bulk resistivity (BR) test method based on AASHTO TP119 for chloride durability assessment. For the sulfate durability assessment, FDOT elected to move forward with the rapid sulfate permeability test method based on a modified ASTM C1202 test method for Rapid Sulfate Permeability Test (RSPT). In order to widely deploy these test methods for chloride and sulfate durability, we need to choose appropriate thresholds. In addition, to fully assess the durability of concrete mixes with Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM), 56-day result need to be obtained and its correlation with 28-day result need to be studied. The research team has performed SR, BR, RSPT, and length change test (ASTM C1012) for 31 selected concrete mixes and the thresholds were selected and proposed for SR, BR, and RSPT tests. A series of prediction equations were also developed to predict the 56-day result based on 28-day testing result.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2026 09:47:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679084</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Near wake control of a square cylinder by screen shrouds</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2661459</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the influence of screen shrouds with varying permeability on the wake dynamics of a square cylinder at a Reynolds number of Re = 13600. High-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were conducted in a closed-loop water channel using screen shrouds with permeability ratios of β = 0.46, 0.63, and 0.7 concentrically mounted around the square cylinder. The shrouds acted as passive flow control elements by altering the momentum distribution and delaying the interaction of separated shear layers. The experimental results indicate that moderate permeability (β = 0.63) showed effective flow control. The peak turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress were reduced by 30 % and 25 %, respectively, compared to the square cylinder. In this configuration, the vortex formation length increased by 137.2 %, while the shear layer length increased by 62.8 %, and wake width narrowed by 17.3 %, indicating stabilized near-wake turbulence and delayed vortex roll-up. These findings demonstrate that applying a screen shroud with an appropriate permeability not only suppresses the influence of fluctuating components but also delays the interaction of shear layers, confirming the effectiveness of this passive flow control approach.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2026 15:10:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2661459</guid>
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