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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF LOADS ON BURIED PIPES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/108151</link>
      <description><![CDATA[INFLUENCE OF THE PIPE, THE SOIL AROUND IT, AND INTERACTION OF ANY SUPERIMPOSED LOADS ARE DISCUSSED ON THE STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF PIPE. PIPES MUST SUPPORT LOADS RESULTNG FROM THE DEAD WEIGHT OF THE OVERLYING SOIL, AND MUST CARRY ANY ADDED LIVE AND STATIC LOADING PASSED DOWN THROUGH THIS OVERLYING SOIL FROM LOADS APPLIED ON THE GROUND SURFACE. THESE DEAD LOADS AND LIVE LOADS ARE DISCUSSED. FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PIPES ARE DESCRIBED IN REGARD TO THEIR STRENGTH AND FLEXIBILITY. DITCH WIDTH, BEDDING, COMPACTION, AND BACKFILL ARE DISCUSSED. PRECAUTIONS NECESSARY TO PREVENT INFILTRATION OF MATERIAL IN AN INSTALLATION ARE DESCRIBED. CONDITIONS PRESENT IN AN INSTALLATION FOR INFILTRATION OF MATERIAL TO RESULT ARE: (1) HIGH WATER TABLE, (2) BACKFILL MATERIAL CONTAINING FINE PARTICLES THAT CAN BE MOVED BY PERCOLATING WATER, AND (3) GAPS AT PIPE JOINTS OF SUFFICIENT SIZE TO PERMIT ENTRANCE OF MATERIAL CARRIED OR MOVED BY SEEPAGE. GREAT CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN WITH ALL JOINTS AND ALIGNMENT TO PREVENT INFILTRATION.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>THEORY AND PROBLEMS OF WATER PERCOLATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/124793</link>
      <description><![CDATA[LAMINAR FLOW OF WATER IN WHICH THE REYNOLDS NUMBER IS 1 OR LESS IS STUDIED THROUGH POROUS MEDIA. PERCOLATING WATER USUALLY RESULTS IN ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIONABLE CONDITIONS: (1) WATER LOSSES BY SEEPAGE THROUGH THE DAM AND FOUNDATION, (2) UPLIFT PRESSURES THAT TEND TO CAUSE OVERTURNING OF THE DAM, (3) FLOTATION GRADIENTS (PIPING) THAT MAY CAUSE LOCAL FAILURE OR EVEN TOTAL FAILURE OF A STRUCTURE, AND (4) APPLICATION OF BODY FORCES WHICH AFFECT STABILITY. SEVERAL METHODS ARE GIVEN FOR DETERMINING THE PERMEABILITY OF SOILS BY FIELD TESTS. METHODS USED IN SOLVING THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AS A RESULT OF PERCOLATING WATER INCLUDE: PURE MATHEMATICS, ELECTRIC OR MEMBRANE ANALOGY EXPERIMENTS, HYDRAULIC MODEL EXPERIMENTS, AND FIELD EXPERIMENTS. IF THE REYNOLDS MEMBER BECOMES LARGER THAN 1, IT IS POSSIBLE FOR TURBULENCE TO DEVELOP. IN THIS CASE, DARCY'S LAW NO LONGER APPLIES. DARCY'S LAW STATES THAT THE RATE OF FLOW OF WATER THROUGH A POROUS MEDIUM IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE CROSS-SECTION AREA, AND TO THE PRESSURE GRADIENT ACTING. THE FOLLOWING ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS ARE PRESENTED: (1) 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIAL FLOW (POINT-SOURCE OR SINK), (2) 2-DIMENSIONAL FLOW BETWEEN AN INFINITE LINE- SOURCE AND A POINT-SINK (METHOD OF IMAGES), (3) 2- DIMENSIONAL FINITE LINE-SOURCE OR SINK APPLIED TO FLOW BENEATH IMPERVIOUS DAM ON A PERVIOUS FOUNDATION, (4) 2- DIMENSIONAL FINITE LINE-SOURCE OR SINK APPLIED TO FLOW AROUND SHEET-PILING, (5) 3-DIMENSIONAL RADIAL FLOW (POINT- SOURCE OR SINK), (6) SPHERICAL FLOW, (7) ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL EXIT GRADIENTS, AND (8) FACTOR OF SAFETY. EXPERIMENTAL SOLUTIONS PRESENTED ARE: (1) GRAPHICAL CONSTRUCTION OF FLOW NETS, (2) MEMBRANE ANALOGY, (3) ELECTRIC ANALOGY, (4) HYDRAULIC MODELS (INCLUDING VISCOUS- FLUID METHOD), AND (5) FIELD EXPERIMENTS ON THE ACTUAL STRUCTURE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Aug 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/124793</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE WITH ASPHALT OVERLAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/141129</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There are a range of techniques available for assessing the present condition of a road pavement.  Any one, or more likely, any combination of these methods will provide a suitable basis for assigning priorities to pavement maintenance.  Although techniques used to assign a numerical value to the present condition of a road are well established, it can be seen from this paper that these techniques are in the process of being developed and refined.  The techniques for designing asphalt overlays have been developed to the stage where they can be used with confidence.  But also in this area there are new developments occurring - the use of the radius of curvature of the pavement surface under a known load in lieu of just the deflection measurement is relatively new.  It is becoming increasingly necessary to take account not only of an acceptable riding surface, but of other factors such as safety and user inconvenience and consideration of these factors will become part of the pavement management system of the future.  The assessment and design techniques now available make it possible to apply overlays at a later data. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/141129</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FOUNDATION STUDIES IN GROUND WITH SUBTERRANEAN CAVITIES - PLACE OF GRAVIMETRIC METHODS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/87612</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The role of geophysical investigations in foundation studies in ground containing cavities is examined, distinguishing between extensive cavities and small numerous holes. Microgravimetry is shown to be the only method able to directly detect the amount of tons of missing soil. Investigation by means of mechanical boreholes is not always easily interpreted, hence the usefulness of continuous recording of the drilling rate and reflected percussion. Various site investigation and foundation repair programmes are described. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Aug 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/87612</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>INTERSTITIAL PRESSURES ON ROCK FOUNDATIONS OF DAMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/38502</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The reservoir water that percolates throught the rock foundations of concrete dams causes "uplift" pressures that affect stability. It may open the joints and produce piping of the filler materials. Measurements of water pressures inside rock masses have indicated the complexity of the phenomena involved. As the permeability of rock masses is mainly caused by the existence of joints, the examination of the laws of filtration of water through fissures is of primary importance. A theory for the nonsteady state of percolation is established considering the variation of the opening of the joints with the stresses, the volumetric compressibility of water, and the existence of air in the water. Variations of the coefficients of permeability may be expected. The importance of grouting and drainage in controlling seepage is discussed as well as the stability of rock slopes near dams. /ASCE/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 May 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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