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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Influence of hydrophobic impregnating agents on the resistance to peeling of road concrete: results of the GELAVIA project</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1718352</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The prenormative research project Gelavia, which was a collaboration with OCCN and WTCB, was mainly devoted to studying the resistance to peeling of road concrete. In Belgium there has long been a test to evaluate this resistance, the ISO / DIS test, but since a few years this resistance can be evaluated by the so-called slab test according to the European technical specification CEN / TS 12390-9. This article takes a closer look at the use of hydrophobic Impregnating agents.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2020 11:37:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1718352</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Moisture sensitivity examination of asphalt mixtures using thermodynamic, direct adhesion peel and compacted mixture mechanical tests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1489075</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures is a complicated mode of pavement distress that results in the loss of stiffness and structural strength of the asphalt pavement layers. This paper evaluated the moisture sensitivity of different aggregate–bitumen combinations through three different approaches: surface energy, peel adhesion and the Saturation Ageing Tensile Stiffness (SATS) tests. In addition, the results obtained from these three tests were compared so as to characterise the relationship between the thermodynamic and the mechanical tests. The surface energy tests showed that the work of adhesion in dry conditions was bitumen type dependent, which is in agreement with the peel test. After moisture damage, all of these three tests found that the moisture sensitivity of aggregate–bitumen combinations were mainly aggregate type dependent. Based on the peel test, the moisture absorption and mineralogical compositions of aggregate were considered as two important factors to moisture sensitivity. This phenomenon suggests that in a susceptible asphalt mixture, the effect of aggregate may be more influential than the effect of bitumen. The SATS test and the peel test showed similar moisture sensitivity results demonstrating the good correlation between these two mechanical tests. However, the surface energy tests and the mechanical tests cannot correlate in terms of moisture sensitivity evaluation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Nov 2017 09:29:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1489075</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Mechanisms of blister formation on concrete bridge decks with waterproofing asphalt pavement systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375911</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bridge decks are commonly subjected to harsh environmental conditions that often lead to serious corrosion problems triggered by blisters under the hot mix asphalt bridge deck surfacing and secretly evolving during weather exposure until damage is often detected too late. Blisters may form under both the waterproofing dense mastic asphalt layer or under the waterproofing membrane which is often applied as additional water protection under the mastic asphalt (MA). One of the main technical issues is the formation of blisters under the membrane and asphalt-covered concrete structures caused by a complex mechanism governed by bottom-up pressure and loss of adhesion. A linear viscoelastic finite-element model was developed to simulate time-dependent blister growth in a dense mastic asphalt layer under uniformly applied pressure with and without temperature and pressure fluctuation. A finite element model was developed using ABAQUS with linear viscoelastic properties and validated with a closed form solution from first-order shear-deformation theory for thick plates. In addition, the blister test was conducted on different samples of MA in the laboratory and digital image correlation measurement technique was used to capture the three-dimensional vertical deflection of the MA over time. It was found that the blister may grow continuously under repeated loading conditions over subsequent days. With respect to blistering under waterproofing membranes, mechanical elastic modeling and experimental investigations were performed for three different types of membranes under in-plane stress state. The orthotropic mechanical behavior of a polymer modified bitumen membrane (PBM) was determined from biaxial test data. Finally, blister tests by applying controlled pressure between orthotropic PBMs and concrete plates were performed for studying the elliptical adhesive blister propagation using digital 3D image correlation. The energy calculated from elliptical blister propagation was found comparable to the adhesive fracture energy from standard peeling tests for similar types of PBMs. This indicates that the peeling test assists to evaluate and rank the adhesive properties of different types of membranes with respect to blister formation at room temperature without conducting time consuming and complicated pressurized blister propagation tests using digital 3D image correlation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:12:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1375911</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pull-off adhesion testing for concrete repairs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/843459</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Where one material is bonded to another, the only appropriate test method to measure bond or adhesion is often a peel or pull-off test. For cement-based materials (mortar or concrete) the pull-off test is preferred partly because it is relatively easy to carry out; however, one limitation lies in the difficulties of interpreting the results. This difficulty lies in the fact that not all failures occur at the interface and there is then a question of whether those that fail at the interface only are an accurate reflection of the interface adhesion strength. The current paper seeks to address this issue through a study of the probability of interface adhesion plotted against concrete cohesion failure. It recommends a method for estimating the error between the measured adhesion failures and the theoretical adhesion strength. (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jan 2008 15:20:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/843459</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on selecting working angle in ball spinning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/770920</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ball spinning has been used in manufacturing thin-walled tubes with small diameter. However, its parameters are always determined on the trial-and-error method. Peeling phenomenon may appear if the parameters like working angle are not selected properly. It makes the formed material crashed, curled, or even forced to cover the areas before the balls and, sometimes, it can make the working die damaged. In this paper, a series of experiments are performed to explain the problem of peeling, and the relationships between peeling and axial feeding rate, and the working angle are graphed. (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Dec 2005 14:04:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/770920</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Peeling Behavior and Spalling Resistance of Bonded Bidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/757085</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the peeling behavior and spalling resistant effect of bidirectional fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets externally bonded to concrete surfaces. Experimental investigations are carried out through a series of newly designed punching-peeling tests. A wide range of variables, such as FRP sheet layers and fiber direction, plate constraint, concrete strength, adhesives, bond length of FRP sheets, diameter of indenter, and types of fibers, are considered in the experimental investigation. Theoretical study is also conducted for the specimens. Interfacial fracture energy is calculated analytically using a membrane-peeling method. It is realized that only two material parameters, i.e., the interfacial fracture energy of the FRP-concrete interface and the tensile stiffness of FRP sheets, are necessary to represent the interfacial spalling resistant behavior. Finally, the theoretical results are validated by comparing with experimental results. Comparison of theoretical to experimental results shows that the proposed theoretical model is satisfactory in reasonably and accurately predicting the peeling behavior and spalling resistant capacity of bidirectional FRP sheets bonded to concrete surface.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2005 09:49:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/757085</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PEELING BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH CFRP PLATES UNDER VARIOUS END RESTRAINT CONDITIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/704900</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) are shown to have higher flexural capacity compared to unstrengthened specimens. However, concrete cover or FRP peeling may occur before the beam can achieve enhanced capacity. Thus, the FRP efficiency can be greatly reduced due to this premature failure. This research presents an experiment programme conducted to examine the peeling behaviour of strengthened beams under various end restraint conditions. In the experiment, carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates were applied to strengthen RC beams and carbon fibre-reinforced sheets were used as end wrapping material. Three different wrapping schemes, namely, U-, L- and X-wrappings were examined. Without wrapping, the FRP-strengthened beams showed little strength improvement over unstrengthened ones. For U-wrapped strengthened beams, end peeling could be prevented but shear-flexural peeling followed by premature concrete crushing took place instead. For L- and X-wrapped beams, neither end peeling nor shear-flexural peeling was observed and the beam failed in flexural concrete crushing mode. (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/704900</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ULTIMATE RESPONSE OF RC BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH CFRP PLATES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/684282</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Poststrengthening and retrofitting is a growing reality, as existing structures are required to meet the demands of modern society.  Apart from the need to increase load capacity, upgrading of a structure may be necessitated through deterioration of the structure by corrosion or accidental damage, a change in the structural system, or to rectify initial design and construction faults.  A commonly observed mode of failure for beams strengthened using carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite material plates is one due to the plate peeling off prematurely and unpredictably at relatively low magnitudes of applied loading.  End plate anchorages and long unanchored plate lengths, which can add significantly to the overall cost of a strengthening solution, overcome this problem. This paper presents the results of flexural tests on ten reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with different plate configurations.  A strain compatibility and force equilibrium method of analysis, coupled with an empirical rule derived from the test data, is demonstrated to be effective in predicting the ultimate response of simply supported beams in bending with and without end plate anchorages and irrespective of plate length.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 May 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/684282</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FAILURE ANALYSIS OF COATINGS ON CONCRETE: A FAILURE AVOIDANCE TOOL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/677292</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article addresses common modes of coating failure on concrete and suggests steps that can be taken to avoid the same failure in the future. Varyious types of hole failures, crack failures in the coating, disbondment failures, intercoat peeling, overlayment of existing coating failures, and other surface defects are discussed. Suggested strategies for avoiding future concrete coating failure include updating coating specifications, stricter enforcement of these specifications, and better enforcement of scheduled maintenance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 08 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/677292</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STRENGTHENING OF BEAMS BY PLATE BONDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/474782</link>
      <description><![CDATA[At Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, research has been carried out in the area of plate bonding--the problems that can arise when concrete members need to be strengthened using epoxy-bonded plates.  Both comprehensive experimental and theoretical work have been done.  In this paper, a derivation of the shear and peeling stresses in the adhesive layer of a beam with a strengthening plate bonded to its soffit and loaded with an arbitrary point load are presented.  The results from both theory and finite-element analysis show that the stresses are very large at the end of the plate, but they quickly diminish as we move nearer the center of the beam.  The magnitude of the stresses is influenced not only by the geometrical and material parameters of the beam, but also by the adhesive and the strengthening material.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Nov 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/474782</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ADHESION OF ASPHALT TO STONE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/101111</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A SCRAPING TEST WAS USED TO DETERMINE CONDITIONS FOR FORMING A PROPER JOINT BETWEEN ASPHALT AND STONE, AND A PEELING TEST WAS USED TO SHOW THAT THE ADHESION OF COMPOSITES OF STONE, ASPHALT, AND ALUMINUM-FOIL RIBBON FOLLOWS THE RHEOLOGICAL THEORY OF ADHESION. VENEZUELAN ASPHALT OF PENETRATION GRADE 85 TO 100 WAS APPLIED TO GRANITE AND MARBLE SLABS AT TEMPERATURES FROM 100 TO 170 C. AFTER COOLING 1 TO 3 HR. ASPHALT WAS SCRAPED FROM THE SLABS WITH A RAZOR BLADE. THE AMOUNT OF ASPHALT REMAINING AFTER SCRAPING WAS NEARLY INDEPENDENT OF APPLICATION TEMPERATURES OF 110 TO 170 C BUT STRONGLY DEPENDENT ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS. STONE-ASPHALT-ALUMINUM-FOIL SANDWICHES WERE HEATED AT 130 C FOR 20 TO 30 MIN AND ALLOWED TO COOL 1 TO 3 HR. THE ALUMINUM FOIL WAS THEN PEELED FROM THE ASPHALT USING AN APPARATUS THAT PROVIDED A PERPENDICULAR TENSILE FORCE. CONFORMING TO RHEOLOGICAL THEORY, THE PEELING RATE AND RATIO OF RESIDUE ON STONE AND ASPHALT DEPENDED ON PEELING TENSION AND TEMPERATURE. ATTEMPTS TO USE THIS TEST TO DETERMINE PENETRATION OF ASPHALT BY WATER WERE NOT SUCCESSFUL, BUT THE PENETRATION OF WATER BY ASPHALT WAS MEASURED AT 3 AND 25 C. IN THESE TESTS A STONE SLAB WAS APPLIED TO AN ASPHALT-COATED METAL UNDER WATER. INITIALLY THERE WAS VERY LITTLE ADHESION. WITH AGING, HOWEVER, ADHESION INCREASED, THEN LEVELLED OFF. THE RATE OF DISPLACEMENT APPEARED TO BE DIFFERENT FOR GRANITE AND MARBLE. /JM/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/101111</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FURTHER TESTS OF ASPHALT-STONE ADHESION AND ITS WATER SENSITIVITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/107985</link>
      <description><![CDATA[PEELING TESTS OF STONE-ASPHALT-ALUMINUM FOIL JOINTS ARE DESCRIBED. METHODS OF SPECIMEN PREPARATION ARE DISCUSSED. PEELING RATE AS A FUNCTION OF DEAD WEIGHT LOAD HAS BEEN MEASURED AT 70 DEG.-F, 50% R.H. AND 70 DEG.-F, 100% R.H. THE SATURATED ENVIRONMENT PRODUCES SOME PEEL RATE INCREASES, AT 200-250 HOURS EXPOSURE, BUT AT LONGER EXPOSURE INTERVALS, THE PEEL RATES REDUCE TO THOSE OF UNEXPOSED CONTROLS. A NEW TEST METHODS AT A CONSTANT PEEL RATE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED, AND OFFERS CERTAIN ADVANTAGES. PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM WATER IMMERSED TESTS ON WATER IMMERSED SPECIMENS SUGGEST SOME WEAKENING INFLUENCES, THOUGH CONCLUSIONS AWAIT MORE DATA. FUTURE WORK IS INDICATED. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/107985</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASSOCIATIONS OF DISTRESS AND DIAGNOSIS OF BITUMEN-SURFACED ROAD PAVEMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/359014</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As a contribution to the implementation of a high-quality and cost-effective road maintenance management system, a catalog of pavement distress and defects was prepared for the low-volume bitumen-surfaced rural roads of Madagascar. The catalog comprises the description, definition, and methods of measuring and rating the different types of distress and defects found in the rural road network as well as checklists of possible causes and guidelines for remedial works.  It also comprises a discussion of associations of distress types and their interpretation as clues for proper diagnosis of the actual causes of distress.  Not all types of individual distress inventoried in the catalog and discussed in the literature are listed or described.  The purpose is to illustrate associations of distress types currently found in low-volume road pavements of Madagascar and other tropical countries and show how identification of certain combinations of distress types can be used for proper pavement maintenance and management.  The following associations of distress types can provide clues to diagnosis of distress causes and remedies:  raveling and cracking; wide ruts and alligator cracking; longitudinal cracks and settlements along the lower shoulders; crack-bounded settlements; and the association of longitudinal cracks, differential settlements, and undulations.  Other associations of distress discussed are bird bath and alligator cracking, eroded-shoulder and longitudinal edge cracking, narrow rut and longitudinal heaving, block cracking of cement bound bases, crescent-shaped cracks and peeling, longitudinal cracks and settlements, and local shearing, as well as corrugations and undulations.  Cracked blisters are also discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Aug 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/359014</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SEAM EXAMINATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/307113</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the most important aspects of geomembrane installation is the quality of the seams bonding the panels together.  Seam sampling should be an integral part of any geomembrane installation.  It is noted that criteria for geomembrane seam sampling and testing should go beyond the current acceptance criteria recommended by the National Sanitation Foundation.  The peel strength test is discussed as well as the shear test.  Current practice is described, and acceptance criteria for polyethylene geomembrane seams are presented.  It is explained how seaming techniques affect the morphology of material adjacent to geomembrane seams.  Areas of focus for comprehensive studies of polyethylene geomembrane seam types are suggested.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Mar 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/307113</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH STEEL PLATES GLUED TO THEIR SOFFITS: PREVENTION OF PLATE SEPARATION INDUCED BY FLEXURAL PEELING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/301100</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reinforced concrete beams are strengthened or stiffened by gluing mild steel plates to the tension face of the beam. However, experimental tests have shown that these externally bonded plates have a tendency to peel away after the formation of shear diagonal cracks or when the curvature in the beam is increased.  Fifty seven plated reinforced concrete beams have been tested to study peeling induced by increasing curvature; in these tests, the geometry and material properties of the beams were varied, and the reinforced concrete beams were subjected to precracking and precambering, as might occur in an existing structure.  A method has been derived of determining the moment at which peeling starts (serviceability limit) and the moment that causes complete separation of the plate (ultimate limit). This method, which depends on the flexural rigidity of the plated beam, the thickness of the plate and the tensile strength of the concrete, can be used to adjust the size and extent of plating so that flexural peeling does not occur under the design load (a).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Sep 1989 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/301100</guid>
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