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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>CALIBRATION OF RESPONSE-TYPE ROAD ROUGHNESS MEASURING SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/165815</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report contains the results of an intensive study of response-type road roughness measuring systems (primarily Mays- and PCA-type road meters) for the purpose of developing calibration and correlation procedures.  An artificial road bump approach is described as a simplified method for a calibration check of road meter systems.  This method offers potential for calibrating systems over the moderate-to-rough range of the roughness scale.  Currently available road meters are not generally suitable for assessing the roughness (smoothness) of newly constructed roads.  The findings of this study will be of particular interest to highway and airport personnel responsible for collection and analysis of data on pavement surface characteristics, pavement rehabilitation and management programs, and testing and research activities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THE RATING AND MEASURING OF ROAD ROUGHNESS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/65028</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A study has been carried out aiming, in part, to elucidate the significance of road roughness for road-users' experience of comfort and, in part, to find an objective method for measuring road roughness.  Thirty subjects in the preliminary experiment and forty in the main experiment rated their experience of comfort on twenty road sections representing varying degrees of smoothness to roughness conditions.  The results of the ratings were partly used to evaluate the appropriateness of the ISO comfort standard in connection with road use and partly to evaluate four different kinds of road meters.  The results showed that the road- users accepted longer exposure time for road roughness on roads of relative smoothness than what would be expected from the ISO reduced comfort boundary.  As for rougher roads, the estimated acceptance time approached the ISO boundary.  Three of the four road meters which were used produced results well in accordance with the results from the subjective ratings.  The recommended road meter is the so-called PCA Road Meter but there is reason to consider whether a Road Roughness Indicator or a Bump Integrator equipped with the measuring system of the PCA Road Meter would not be a still better alternative than the present PCA Road Meter.  This construction, however, has not been studied in the present experiment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 May 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/65028</guid>
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      <title>RATING AND MEASUREMENT OF ROAD ROUGHNESS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42988</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A study was carried out aiming at elucidating the significance of road roughness for road users experience of comfort, and at finding an objective method for measuring road roughness, giving data directly comparable with the road users experience of comfort. Ratings of the experience of comfort were carried out in passenger cars, trucks and in a bus. The results showed that the road users accepted longer exposure time for road roughness on roads of relative smoothness than would be expected from the iso reduced comfort boundary. For rougher roads the estimated acceptance time approached the iso boundary. Ratings of acceptable levels for discomfort on four different kinds of roads resulted in a recommendation for the establishment of a roughness standard. Three of the four road meters that were used produced results well in accordance with the results from the subjective ratings. Only one of these, however, the so-called PCA road meter, can be recommended for more extensive measurements regarding road building and road maintenance. A road roughness indicator of a bump integrator equipped with the measuring system of the PCA road meter might be an even better alternative. This construction was not, however, studied. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42988</guid>
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      <title>THE PCA METER, AN INSTRUMENT FOR SURVEYING THE SERVICEABILITY OF ROADS, APPLIED IN SWEDEN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/27961</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report deals with tests on the pca meter, based on measurement of the relative motion between the rear axle and body of a car. Each contact between a sensor and one of A set of lamellae is registered on electromechanical counters. Simple arithmetical treatment of the reading on each counter gives the sum of the squares of the axle/body displacements. This has been compared with the slope variance recorded by the chloe meter, and a strong correlation found. Many agencies in north America are therefore replacing the chloe by the pca meter. A pca meter built by the swedish road and traffic research institute has been installed in a volvo 145 station waggon, tested on several road sections and found to compare favourably with the chloe meter. Since the car containing the pca meter is driven at the speed of other traffic, its measuring capacity is much higher than that of chloe; it is estimated that one pca per county is sufficient to survey all roads once a year. The cost of the meter installed in a car is skr. 1000-2000. A somewhat costlier system employing electronic counters and digital output for datalogging is under test. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Apr 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/27961</guid>
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      <title>A CORRELATION OF VARIOUS SMOOTHNESS MEASURING SYSTEMS FOR ASPHALTIC CONCRETE SURFACES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/24154</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report discusses the correlations between various devices generally used for assessment of roughness of new asphaltic concrete surfaces. The analysis was performed on data from nineteen hot mix sections ranging from new to old pavement surfaces. The analysis provided equations relating three rolling straightedges (10-, 12-, and 15-foot) to various roadmeters such as the PCA and the Mays roadmeters and the BPR roughometer. Recommendations are made in the form of specifications for the 10- and 12-foot rolling straightedge and the Mays roadmeter.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Jul 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/24154</guid>
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      <title>THE PCA METER, AN INSTRUMENT FOR SURVEYING THE SERVICEABILITY OF ROADS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/136979</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report details the experimental results of the PCA meter developed by the Swedish Road and Traffic Research Institute which was tested in a Volvo on several road sections.  The PCA meter is a roughometer developed by the Portland Cement Association which measures the relative motion between the rear axle and body of a passenger vehicle.  Its serviceability compares closely with the CHLOE meter, but it has a much higher measuring capacity. It is hoped that a PCA meter in each Swedish county will be able to survey the entire road system annually.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Feb 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/136979</guid>
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      <title>A FRESH LOOK AT THE INTERPRETATION OF PAVEMENT SERVICEABILITY AND AN EXPERIMENT TO MEASURE THE RIDING QUALITY OF ROADS IN SOUTH AFRICA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/138803</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The need has arisen in South Africa for evaluating the condition of pavements in a systematic manner in order that maintenance can be more effectively managed and financed. In order to make effective decisions on maintenance it is necessary not only to evaluate those aspects of pavement conditions which are functional and relate to the comfort and safety requirements of road users, but also those mechanistic aspects which relate to the structural condition of the pavement.  This paper approaches the evaluation of pavement condition from a functional point of view and describes the features and contributing factors that influence the present pavement serviceability; it also suggests methods for their assessment.  The term 'present serviceability' as used in the AASHO Road Test related only to the aspects of the general definition concerned with riding quality.  The paper concentrates on the assessment of riding quality - a function which is important to the comfort of road users and also to their safety if the road is in a very poor condition.  The formulation of the equation for the measurement of the present serviceability index (PSI) is examined by means of a step-wise regression analysis of the original data and it is shown that the inclusion of the term for cracking and patching is not significant.  Where the rut depth is less than 10 mm (0.4 in.) it need not be considered when evaluating the PSI.  It is concluded that the effect of rutting on safety by causing ponding of water in the wheel paths should be considered separately from the effect of rutting on the PSI. Limits for rut depth from safety considerations should be set objectively for different climatic conditions.  The paper also describes the results of an experiment for evaluating methods of determining the riding quality of a pavement.  A large number of sections of roads were rated subjectively by a large panel of assessors in order to determine the riding quality of each section as accurately as possible.  Although the mean ratings for the roads were considered sufficiently reliable, the results of the individual raters were biased to reduce the errors that usually occur in subjective judgements; it was found, however, that this made very little difference to the mean rationgs or to their reliability.  The results of correlations of the mean ratings with roughness measurements, obtained by means of the BPR Roughometer and the PCA Road Meter, and with the slope variance of the simulated CHLOE profilometer, indicated that each of these instruments can give satisfactory results.  The PCA Road Meter results, however, were found to depend on the type of vehicle in which it was used.  This implies that the PCA Road Meter should be calibrated against a subjective rating when it is used in different vehicles.  Although this is impractical, it is shown that the PCA Road Meter can be satisfactorily calibrated against slope variance provided enough measurements are used.  /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/138803</guid>
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