<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Managing unruly passengers in commercial aviation: cabin crew perspectives on escalation, intervention, and flight safety</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666702</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Unruly passenger behavior represents a persistent challenge for aviation safety, yet existing research has largely emphasized incident outcomes and severity classifications rather than the processes through which such events unfold and are managed in practice. This study examines how airline cabin crew experience, interpret, and manage unruly passenger incidents, with particular attention to escalation dynamics, intervention strategies, and their implications for flight safety. Drawing on qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 21 actively working cabin crew members, the study analyzes 48 unruly passenger incidents using an incident-level thematic approach. The findings show that unruly passenger incidents are rarely perceived as sudden or unpredictable. Instead, escalation typically develops through early interactional warning signs, including persistent non-compliance, dismissive attitudes, and repeated boundary testing. Cabin crew rely on experiential judgment to interpret these cues and to anticipate escalation before formal safety thresholds are crossed. Interventions functioned as active risk-containment practices rather than reactive responses, with graduated communication strategies and coordinated crew action playing a central role in de-escalation. Authority emerged as a negotiated and situational resource, with cockpit coordination serving to reinforce legitimacy and shared situational awareness as perceived risk increased. Beyond operational considerations, the study highlights the cumulative emotional labor involved in managing unruly passenger behavior, extending across incidents of varying formal severity. By foregrounding the interactional and processual dimensions of unruly passenger management, this study contributes to transportation security research by demonstrating how flight safety is actively produced through judgment, coordination, and emotional regulation within constrained operational environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 08:50:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666702</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on multi-level container security isolation operation strategy based on static game</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679694</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the increasing pressure on rail transit passenger services, the introduction of cloud–edge collaborative computing technology into passenger service systems has emerged as a research hotspot in recent years. The key issue in applying cloud computing to passenger service systems lies in enhancing the security and reliability of applications/data within containers in cloud–edge computing environments. Since passenger service systems operate in open network environments, they are exposed to numerous security vulnerabilities and malicious cyber-attacks, potentially leading to system crashes or the leakage of critical data. To mitigate the severe impacts of such attacks, effective container security isolation policies must be implemented. Firstly, a multi-level container security isolation model is proposed, along with the design of rules for configuring model security policies. Subsequently, a static game model is utilized to dynamically adjust optimal security strategies. By integrating the wolf pack algorithm with the co-evolution algorithm, a wolf pack-co-evolution algorithm is devised to ascertain the optimal solution for the static game, thereby determining the optimal security strategy. Finally, simulation experiments demonstrate that the wolf pack-co-evolution algorithm can effectively solve for the Nash equilibrium in the multi-level container security isolation static game model, enabling dynamic adjustments to be made to security strategies. This approach ensures the security of both container subjects and objects while enhancing container computing efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2026 13:40:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679694</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Commuters' security and safety perception of the bus rapid transit system: An experience of an emerging mega city in sub-Saharan Africa</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680674</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Safety and security within the transit environment and infrastructure are key metrics for evaluating the quality and efficiency of public transportation systems. However, limited research has examined commuters' perceptions of safety and security in African cities. This study focuses on Lagos, Nigeria, where the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system has experienced increasing concerns related to traffic accidents, unsafe boarding and alighting practices, and inadequate safety infrastructure. The study investigates commuters' perceptions of safety and security along two major BRT corridors, Ikorodu–Tafawa Balewa Square and Abule-Egba–Oshodi. Using 243 survey responses collected through convenience sampling based on respondents' willingness to participate, the findings reveal significant deficiencies in safety and security facilities at BRT bus stops and stations, as well as unsafe alighting practices by BRT operators. In addition, temporal factors, physical environmental conditions, and socioeconomic characteristics were found to significantly influence commuters' perceptions of safety and security. The study concludes with practical recommendations for improved system management and maintenance, emphasizing enhanced safety and security measures and increased operator professionalism through environmentally sustainable principles and strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 17:14:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680674</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Update to ACRP Report 25: Airport Passenger Terminal Planning and Design</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681232</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ACRP Report 25: Airport Passenger Terminal Planning and Design, Volumes 1 and 2, comprises a guidebook, spreadsheet models, a user’s guide, and a CD-ROM. Since its publication in 2010, ACRP Report 25 has been the most downloaded ACRP publication.
 
Over the last 10 years, significant changes have occurred in global trends, technology, protocols, design, regulatory requirements, passenger behavior, and customer expectations, including, but not limited to, changes accelerated by economic drivers, public health, and industry trends.
 
ACRP and other organizations have subsequently published numerous terminal-related guidance and tools (many of which are accessible through ACRP WebResource 2: Airport Passenger Terminal Design Library) that are not referenced in ACRP Report 25. Also, the means by which airport industry practitioners access ACRP products has evolved (e.g., many practitioners no longer have access to CD readers). Research is therefore needed to update the guidebook and the products associated with ACRP Report 25 and to provide them in more user-friendly formats.
 
The objective of this research is to produce a concise, user-friendly update of ACRP Report 25, through the consolidation of Volumes 1 and 2, including the methodologies cited in those volumes. This research will cover the terminal area from the terminal frontage/terminal entry to the aircraft gate apron and return. This update will consider all types and sizes of airports and will reference ACRP WebResource 2: Airport Passenger Terminal Design Library.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2026 14:37:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681232</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Security perceptions in ride-sharing services: Influencing factors and effective solutions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633741</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ride-sharing offers flexibility and cost-efficiency, but presents security challenges, especially in developing countries. In Iran, a country with a longstanding tradition of ride-sharing, this study investigates how users perceive security, and which measures they consider effective. We collected survey data from 270 participants and applied factor analysis to identify latent dimensions influencing perceived security, including experiences, social influences, family norm, and religion. These factors and demographics were included in an ordered logit model to assess their impact on perceived security. Results show gender is the strongest predictor, with women reporting lower security than men. However, men also feel insecure, especially at night or outside urban areas. These findings underscore the need to combine gender-neutral and gender-sensitive strategies to ensure fairness while addressing the diverse security needs. Other significant variables include age, past harassment experience, media exposure, and family norms. Those with very low perceived security are less responsive to interventions than those with moderate or higher security. We also evaluated user preferences for a range of proposed measures. Cameras and tracking received strong support, with many expressing a willingness to pay for increased security. Security apps showed promise, but users stressed the need for better privacy, preventive functions, and real-time response.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:56:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633741</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LGBTQI+ public transport rider harassment experiences and anti-violence strategy recommendations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636245</link>
      <description><![CDATA[LGBTQI+ public transport (PT) riders face elevated rates of violence based on gender, sexual orientation, and visible “queerness.” People who are transgender, non-binary, and have intersectional marginalized identities are especially at risk of violence. The current study evaluates data from focus groups and interviews with 25 LGBTQI+ women (cisgender and transgender) and non-binary individuals. The authors adapted reflexive thematic analysis to a systems theory framework for deep engagement with the dataset and to evaluate interconnected elements of a dynamic and layered PT security environment for practical solutions. The analysis generated an overarching theme of a PT collective safety agreement that draws its safety/security strength from community relationships and partnerships. Three supporting themes reflect areas participants described as necessary for creating a PT environment where they can ride free from harassment, fear, and violence: behavioral expectations, inclusive communication, and PT authority responsibilities. Applied in a systems framework, the authors evaluated the overarching theme as a system that requires PT authorities to enforce consequences for unacceptable behavior while providing safety/security support and resources, active allyship, and inclusive communications. Attempts to meaningfully increase safety/security cannot be done with a limited scope and siloed approach. For safer and more secure PT networks, PT authorities should consider a systems-level approach that supports multiple interconnected elements with appropriately-sized physical, financial, and personnel resources. Committing to a PT collective safety agreement will not provide overnight results; but such a system can provide lasting results over time.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2026 14:31:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636245</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of the Passenger Security Screening Process Using a Virtual Reality Simulator</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604597</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Summary. Passenger security screening is a necessary process carried out at the airport that affects the safety and capacity of the airport. Every person entering the restricted airport area must undergo a security check. The security control operator conducts training to detect prohibited items appropriately. Currently, training of security control operators is carried out in various ways, e.g., using electronic support systems. The author's proposal concerns using an innovative passenger security control simulator built using virtual reality technology. The author researched the effectiveness of passenger security screening at the airport. Indicators have been used in the VR simulator to assess the passenger screening process. The article aims to present an assessment of the security control process using an innovative VR simulator.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 17:03:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604597</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Shifting Paradigms in Airport Security: A Qualitative Exploration of Multidimensional Recruitment Criteria</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[French airport security recruitment protocols are scrutinized to address national security and internal threat concerns. This study questions the reliance on traditional methods like criminal background checks and standard assessments, calling for an expanded competency review. The aim is to assess whether current practices sufficiently address the industry’s multifaced demands and comply with strict regulatory standards. Employing a multi-case methodology (Yin, 2018), interviews were conducted between 2019 and 2021. A sample of 24 experienced professionals, including recruiters, airport security agents, and heads of criminal investigations, offered a comprehensive view of the recruitment landscape. Over 250 pages of transcripts were analyzed using ATLAS.ti software. Thematic content analysis, phenomenological examination, conceptual category analysis, and process modeling surfaced critical themes related to recruitment challenges and improvements. Seventy-eight codes were extracted, encapsulating the complexities of airport security recruitment. Methodological triangulation ensured the study’s analytical robustness and validity. Findings reveal a predominant focus on regulatory compliance and procedural knowledge at the expense of critical intrapersonal and cognitive skills in current recruitment protocols. Despite strict requirements for regulatory adherence, there is a noticeable shortfall in assessing traits such as stress management, integrity, and loyalty. Additionally, skills crucial for operational success, such as stress management, conflict resolution, and analytical thinking, should be adequately prioritized in the selection process. While acknowledging the constraints of a limited sample size and the qualitative nature of the study, these findings provide an initial framework for a more comprehensive recruitment model. The implications drawn from the French context suggest broader applicability, yet further validation is necessary across diverse operational environments. Future research should explore the integration of autonomous motivation, as informed by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), alongside implicit attitude measures and integrity assessments. Ultimately, this study lays the groundwork for revising recruitment criteria to better align with airport security’s complex psychological and operational demands, emphasizing the need for a balanced assessment of cognitive, interpersonal, and ethical competencies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Dec 2025 15:19:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572717</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reliability and validity of threat image projection data as a measure of performance in X-ray baggage screening</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2596969</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Passenger baggage is screened using X-ray machines at airports worldwide to ensure transportation security. Many airports use a technology called threat image projection (TIP) to measure detection performance of airport security officers (screeners). TIP projects prerecorded X-ray images of prohibited items into X-ray images of passenger baggage being screened, and each time a TIP image is displayed (a 𝘛𝘐𝘗 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵), the TIP system records whether the screener detected the prohibited item. Because the prohibited items and the location of their placement in bags are randomly selected, the resulting TIP images vary substantially in difficulty and do not always look realistic. It is therefore not clear whether TIP data provides a good measure of screener performance, despite the technology’s long-standing and widespread use at airports. To address this research gap, we conducted a study to estimate TIP’s psychometric properties of reliability and validity by analysing a large set of TIP events from cabin baggage screening of a European airport (1,199,838 TIP events from 728 screeners over four years). We found the reliability of performance measurement to increase with the number of TIP events in accordance with the Spearman–Brown prediction. Approximately 100 TIP events were sufficient to achieve a minimum reliability value of 0.7 when TIP was challenging enough (mean hit rate below 0.9). TIP performance predicted the covert test results (wherein instructed people tried to smuggle real prohibited items through the checkpoint; 1,184 covert tests from 474 screeners), indicating that TIP is a valid measure of detection performance in X-ray baggage screening. The results imply that TIP data provides a reliable and valid performance measure if the TIP images are challenging enough and about 100 TIP events are considered per screener.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Nov 2025 10:22:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2596969</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring the influence of dispositional factors on travel behaviour in Accra Metropolis, Ghana</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548195</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Understanding how people travel in urban areas is essential for effective policy planning and infrastructure development to achieve sustainable mobility. While external factors such as infrastructure are frequently emphasised, the influence of psychological and social dimensions on travel choices remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of dispositional factors on travel behaviour in Accra, Ghana, based on data collected from 615 participants through a questionnaire. A combination of Chi-square and Cramer's V tests, factor analysis, and K-means cluster analysis was employed to analyse residents' travel patterns and preferences. The factor analysis identified key determinants of travel behaviour, including reliability and comfort, security and safety, affordability, and the quality of public transport systems. The K-means cluster analysis further revealed that security and safety were consistently high across all clusters, emphasising their universal significance in transportation preferences. Additionally, efficiency, as reflected in shorter travel times, emerged as a critical factor across all clusters. Cluster-specific findings highlighted a lower reliance on car ownership in Cluster 2, suggesting a preference for shared or public transportation. In contrast, traffic congestion was a notable concern in Clusters 1–3, while it was less critical for Cluster 4. These findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. Enhancing the reliability and comfort of public transport, improving safety measures, and addressing affordability can proactively influence travel demand, reduce congestion, and promote sustainable transportation options. Tailoring policies to the specific dispositional factors of Accra's residents ensures more effective urban mobility solutions aligned with local needs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 11:42:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548195</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An empirical investigation of the impact of preferences for physical, social, and security factors on the feeling of safety on public transit</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548128</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The safety and security of a transportation mode can be a decisive factor in making a choice from multiple alternatives. This study investigated how different factors, namely the physical environment, social trends and networks, and criminal activity, influence the perception of safety on transit, and also explored the effect of attitudes towards safety interventions on the decision to start using transit for non-transit users, contrasting the potential impact of more traditional approaches, like increased policing and improved lighting, with social services-oriented practices, like mobile outreach efforts to provide connections with social services and providing harm reduction supplies. The study relied on the information collected in a stated preference survey disseminated to a university community in Edmonton, Canada. It relied on the Hybrid Choice Modelling framework for the analysis. The authors found that people who rate the importance of physical, social, or security factors higher tend to feel less safe on Edmonton transit, with the negative effect of physical factors being the largest. For non-transit users, the authors identified that those who place importance on structural or social services interventions are more likely to start using transit if improvements are implemented. Moreover, social services interventions have potentially higher effects than structural ones. The findings led to the development of a transit safety needs hierarchy, based on the notion that transit safety challenges need to be addressed holistically, also targeting the root cause of the issues outside of the agency’s purview.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 11:42:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548128</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A system analysis of gender-based perceptions of transportation security in the Valparaiso region of Chile</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536339</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study explores the complex and interconnected perceptions of insecurity within Gran Valparaíso's public transportation system, with a focus on gender-based differences. Through semi-structured interviews with 27 male and 24 female stakeholders, the authors used purposive text analysis (PTA) and qualitative system dynamics modeling to map mental models and identify key drivers of gendered perceptions of transportation security. The PTA revealed 31 factors influencing safety perceptions across five dimensions: State, Transport System, Bus Drivers, Social Issues, and User Behavior, along with 646 causal connections—409 and 237 of which related to public transportation challenges and solutions, respectively. Comparative analysis of the models for male and female stakeholders showed that while males mainly associate insecurity with crime, females face a broader array of concerns, including harassment, distrust, and inadequate infrastructure. The findings highlight how poor infrastructure, limited surveillance, and negligent driver behavior disproportionately affect female passengers' perceptions of safety. These results call for targeted interventions, including enhanced surveillance, better infrastructure, and gender-sensitive policies to improve security. To address these challenges, a systems approach is needed, incorporating both urban design improvements and community-based initiatives—such as alert systems and driver training—that reduce reliance on private security and create a more inclusive, accessible public transportation environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 May 2025 09:54:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536339</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Monitoring Ride-Hailing Passenger Security Risk: An Approach Using Human Geography Data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2512486</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ride-hailing services pose significant security challenges for passengers, underscoring the need for effective security risk monitoring. While extensive research has addressed various aspects of ride-hailing, few studies specifically focus on passenger security risk monitoring. This paper introduces onSecP, an online approach designed to monitor the security risks faced by ride-hailing passengers using human geography data. onSecP comprises two phases that set it apart from conventional anomalous trajectory detection methods. First, it employs an anomalous trajectory detection model using the LCSS-Kmeans-Geoinformation technique, which identifies and scores anomalous ride-hailing trajectories. Second, it utilizes a multi-parameter risk evaluation model enhanced by the AHP-Entropy-Cluster weighting method to perform real-time calculations of passenger security risks by integrating factors such as driver characteristics, trip details, geographical environment, trajectory anomaly scores, abnormal stop duration, and passenger information. The authors' approach leverages diverse data sources, including ride-hailing driver information, Point of Interest (POI) data as well as optimal route data from AMap, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, expert assessments, and passenger demographic surveys. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that onSecP effectively differentiates between unsafe trips and normal or abnormal trajectories, thereby significantly improving security risk monitoring for ride-hailing passengers. Consequently, onSecP offers a robust tool for enhancing ride-hailing security warning systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Feb 2025 11:41:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2512486</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Role of Bystanders on Women’s Perception of Personal Security When Using Public Transport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417084</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Women frequently face gender-based harassment when using public transport and adjust their travel behavior as a result. The present study focuses on how the presence of bystanders influences women’s sense of security and self-efficacy while using public transport. The study assesses the impact community support and social norms, perceived responsibilities of authority, and environmental factors have on women’s perception of security in the context of harassment. We conducted an online survey in Auckland, New Zealand (n?=?524). We analyzed results for differences in responses by gender and intersectional identities such as ethnicity and LGBTQ+. We used common factor analysis to uncover hypothesized latent variables that affect women’s perceptions of security and expectations of bystanders. The analysis produced a four-factor model for women+. The strongest factor in the women+ model was Community, followed by Authority, Confidence, then Vigilance. The women+ model suggests bystander and community support is an important expectation for women using public transport, affecting their perception of security and self-efficacy. For comparison and to gain insight into the role men may have as bystanders, we performed factor analysis on responses from men. The resulting three-factor model included factors for Confidence, Authority, and Vigilance. The strength of the Confidence factor for men suggests there is space for calling men in as bystanders who are informed and willing to act. Overall, study findings indicate that anti-harassment strategies can be strengthened by building an active bystander community, bolstering support for vulnerable riders, and helping establish harassment as an unacceptable form of passenger behavior.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Aug 2024 09:48:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417084</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Bayesian network-based tool for crisis classification in piracy or armed robbery incidents on passenger ships</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2375607</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Piracy and armed robbery continue to pose significant security threats to the shipping industry. This paper presents a real-time threat assessment and crisis classification tool for piracy or armed robbery incidents. The tool is part of a crisis classification module that addresses various categories of security threats. This module is currently being developed as part of the EU-funded research project ISOLA, which aims to introduce an intelligent security superintendence ecosystem. The ecosystem is designed to complement the existing ship security processes and measures applied onboard passenger ships. The tool operates by providing real-time threat classification and subsequent warnings by analysing data collected from the ship’s legacy systems and installed sensors with the utilisation of Bayesian probabilistic techniques, particularly Bayesian Networks. The BN model developed for this purpose is thoroughly examined, and its validation is presented through indicative case studies involving piracy and armed robbery. The main objective is to improve situational awareness, enhance vigilance and early threat detection, and support the decision-making process for the Master and crew, especially under time-sensitive circumstances and stressful conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Jun 2024 16:02:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2375607</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>