<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Study of a representative wind selection method using track data to evaluate Pacific flight operations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408357</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Flight operations over the North Pacific Ocean are affected by strong westerly jet streams, which have day-to-day weather variations as well as seasonal trends. Fast-time simulation is used to evaluate the effect of proposed airspace and procedure changes on flight operations, and the results must reflect seasonal trends while not being overly influenced by conditions on any given day. Aggregating the results of air traffic flow simulations using the winds on a large number of days spread over a year will achieve this but requires considerable time and effort, and a method to obtain a reasonable evaluation using a small set of representative wind conditions and a minimum number of simulations is desired. This paper proposes using clustering to achieve this. To avoid having to cluster large meteorological data sets and to reduce the dimensionality of the data, the authors used Pacific Organised Track System (PACOTS) tracks as a surrogate for wind conditions since these are calculated considering the daily winds aloft. For a schedule of ten major trans-Pacific flight services, the authors compared statistical trends over a full year of routes and those on wind days chosen by five candidate methods, which consisted of clustering and non-clustering methods. The constant-interval selection of days from a dendrogram produced via Ward's clustering captured the seasonal variation of winds over the studied year with the highest fidelity. Airspaces in which winds aloft dominate flight planning and for which daily wind-optimal tracks are published exist in other oceanic areas, and the proposed method is also applicable to their simulation studies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Aug 2024 16:08:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408357</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A system dynamics analysis of the trans-Pacific trade lane during the pandemic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2229487</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A consequence of the pandemic was significant disruption to global container flows from 2020 to 2022, with cargo time spent in containers, container ship congestion in ports, and container dwell times in terminals all peaking during this period. After reviewing 2020 and 2021 data for the trans-Pacific trade lane, this paper presents a system dynamics model that explains how these factors are related to each other. The model highlights the importance of the speed with which containers are loaded and unloaded for the dwell time of container ships in ports, the dwell time of containers in terminals, and rollovers (containers left behind). It is shown that port congestion propagates to all ports in the same port rotation (tour). An analysis of the mathematical model behind the system dynamics model indicates precisely when the “tipping point” is reached and congestion propagates. The mathematical model also suggests some remedies, like reducing the number of ports in port rotations and increasing productivity at one port to compensate for a loss of productivity at another port on the same rotation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Dec 2023 15:43:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2229487</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Covid-19 Impact on the Evolution of the Transpacific Airline Passenger Market</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2090574</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The transpacific airline market was devastated by the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic as traffic between the Asian continent and North America experiences an 80.1% year-over-year decline in revenue passenger kilometers (RPKs) between 2019 and 2020.  This article explores the impact of the public health crisis by examining changes in capacity, traffic, and market share on 12 directional routes between three Northeast Asian hubs and three airports in the western part of the United States.  The article highlights the differences in the competitive landscape in cities with one international airport versus those with two.  Similarly, the research examines the market dynamics at airports that serve as hubs for one or more carriers.  The research also highlights the importance and value of joint-venture agreements for airlines operating transpacific routes, particularly when carriers are navigating a challenging operating environment because of significant downturns in passenger demand.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Dec 2022 09:28:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2090574</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NAVFAC Lessons Learned from Contingency Engineering of Ports and Piers in the Pacific AOR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2023570</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Pacific theater is a unique laboratory for investigating future contingency engineering best practices. Civil engineers can benefit from lessons learned accumulated over the past eight years at Pacific based ports and pier projects to lower reaction times and future operational risks. The Navy Facilities System Command (NAVFAC) is sharing its lessons learned in an effort to improve logistics efficiencies across the many stakeholders. Challenges addressed in this paper include transportation reach, flexible fuel source alternatives, indigenous materials, energy availability, quality of port facilities, pier designs and quality, secure storage staging, flexible funding, additive manufacturing challenges, engineering and architectural design timelines, urgency versus durability issues, timely reach back support, and the availability of many key construction materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 2022 17:35:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2023570</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impacts of short-term measures to decarbonize maritime transport on perishable cargoes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2011396</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted a strategy to reduce emissions from international shipping that sets very ambitious targets. The first set of actions, so-called short-term measures, are expected to be implemented by 2023 and result in a reduction of emission intensity by at least 40% by 2030 compared with 2008 levels. Compliance may be achieved through a reduction in sailing speeds, but certain countries have raised concerns on the ramifications of longer transit times on their exports, particularly for perishable products. In this paper, we present a methodology to assess the impacts of various short-term measures on perishable products. We use an extension of a nested modal split model to examine shifts towards other modes of transport. We demonstrate our methodology with a transpacific case study carrying perishable products from South America to China. We compare the short-term measures currently under discussion, in one of the first academic studies to explore these issues. These include a speed limit approach, a power limit, and a goal-based measure. Our results show that a power limit or a goal-based measure would offer some advantages to liner shipping operators using more efficient vessels, unlike a speed limit. Using 2008 as the benchmark year has resulted in small speed reductions required by the liner shipping sector to reach its targets. For perishable cargoes, small speed reductions can be tolerated by the shippers without significant modal shift. Choosing the right short-term strategy is of utmost importance to promote clean shipping practices in the following years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Sep 2022 09:23:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2011396</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Negative impact of Sino-US trade friction on shipping demand of the Pacific route and its mitigation by interoperability with the Belt and Road Initiative</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1991535</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To clarify the impacts of Sino-US trade friction on the shipping demand of the Pacific route as well as on China's export trade, the bilateral distances in four dimensions are integrated into a single trade distance between two nations. And then, a bilateral trade gravity model is built by taking GDP, trade distance, and logistics performance as independent variables. China's exports to the USA as well as to the other partner countries are estimated in the cases with and without trade friction. The results show that trade friction will reduce China's export to the USA by 3.05% and container traffic on the Pacific route will decline correspondingly, while China's export to the other 19 counties will increase by 2.4% on average. It can be said that the negative impact of trade friction on China's export to the USA may be compensated by the export increase to other partner counties and China should strengthen its bilateral trade with the belt and road countries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Aug 2022 09:27:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1991535</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Liquid Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure to Support a Zero-Emission U.S.–China Container Shipping Corridor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1745174</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper the authors follow up on their March 2020 study that examined the potential of hydrogen fuel cells to power containerships traveling between China and the United States. That analysis found that by replacing 5% of cargo space with hydrogen fuel or by adding an extra port of call to refuel, almost all the voyages made in 2015 could be powered by hydrogen with minor changes to fuel capacity or operations. This paper considers demand for refueling, evaluating what refueling infrastructure would be needed, and at which ports, to enable the containership traffic similar 2015, to use liquid hydrogen (LH₂) in combination with fuel cells along the same trans-Pacific corridor. The authors find that nearly all of the Pacific containerships could be fueled with 730,000 tonnes of LH₂ per year, a third of which could be needed in the San Pedro Bay region. Also, some ports are more prepared for refueling infrastructure than others; hydrogen refueling infrastructure at Northeast Asia and Alaska alone could provide fuel for more than 60% of voyages requiring an extra stop for refueling. The authors' results show the opportunities for Pacific Rim ports to support LH₂ use along the U.S.–China shipping corridor between the Pearl River Delta in Cina and San Pedro Bay in southern California.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2020 11:02:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1745174</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Independents expand trans-Pacific box services</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1735008</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2020 18:39:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1735008</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Refueling Assessment of a Zero-Emission Container Corridor Between China and the United States: Could Hydrogen Replace Fossil Fuels?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1697744</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In July 2019, an international workshop on zero-emissions for shipping, hosted by the International Council on Clean Transportation, identified hydrogen fuel cells as a promising technology. This study models the energy demand and space for fuel storage needed by container ships in the China-to-United States corridor if using hydrogen. The hydrogen, stored in frozen form, would be used in fuel cells to replace heavy fuel oil which these ships currently use. The paper also identifies ports within the corridor where hydrogen fueling infrastructure could be developed. The authors find that while 99% of the voyages along the corridor in 2015 could be powered by hydrogen with just small changes to fuel capacity or ship operations, such as replacing 5% of cargo space with more hydrogen fuel or adding one more port of call to refuel, a large portion (43%) of the 2015 voyages could be made without such changes. To achieve the minimum goal of the International Maritime Organization’s greenhouse gas strategy, new technologies and fuels for ships are required, and the authors' results show that the bunkering needs of even the largest ships can be met by hydrogen with just minor operational changes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2020 09:54:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1697744</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Competition among airports at worldwide level: a spatial analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1695114</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Academic literature posed a great focus on the estimation of airport efficiency and productivity in the last decade. Using a spatial approach, which allows for the inclusion of a distance matrix and a shared destinations matrix calibrated for different distances, the authors estimate the impact of competition on efficiencies. By analysing statistical differences between a traditional and a spatial model, it is possible to identify possible competition effects. In this study, the authors analyse 206 airports for the year 2015 located in Europe, North America, and Pacific Asia sourced from the ATRS database. The authors results show the existence of a spatial component that is not captured by the traditional stochastic frontier analysis. The authors find that competition has a positive or negative effect on the efficiency level of an airport, depending on the distance considered in the spatial model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2020 14:39:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1695114</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>What challenges lie ahead for ocean carriers? : it's contract season in the trans-Pacific trade, and beneficial cargo owners (BCOs) should consider the challenges facing ocean carriers as they make ship deployment decisions that will inevitably affect service levels and the propensity for blanked sailings</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1691839</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2020 16:15:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1691839</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Freight rates continue to rise : threat of higher tariffs continues to push up transpacific rates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1584810</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2019 12:08:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1584810</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Asia-Pacific proves fertile ground for new widebody versions : Singapore Airlines to launch first Boeing 787-10s, Airbus A350-900ULRs in 2018; Cathay Pacific will add A350-1000s, as Airbus looks for more sales</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1507457</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Apr 2018 11:37:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1507457</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Asia's airline boom : while rapid expansion continues, competitive pressure curbs profits</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1490697</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2017 10:33:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1490697</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Playing for position</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1487252</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Asia-Pacific maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) scene has never been busier, with the sector enjoying a steep growth curve, fuelled by the region's meteoric forecasts. Emma Kelly reports.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Nov 2017 11:22:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1487252</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>