<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Selection of the Features of the Claims Represented by a General Concept Instead of Using an Alternative</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407708</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Information is provided on the technical solution “Method of manufacturing a composite sample with a surface layer and conducting tests to determine the parameters of surface hardening” declared on the patent’s registration for the invention, on which the patent of the Russian Federation was later obtained for invention No. 2743618. The invention’s formula of this solution contains multiple references to various methods: sample preparation, in particular, the application of various types of coatings and in different ways on the surface of the sample, the creation of coatings by thermal, chemical, power methods; using a variety of grade grids applied by lines, dots, inserts, as well as fixing changes in the microstructures of the sample; counting’s methods of future place indentation; control with registration of hardening zones by contact and non-contact methods, etc. Using the example of this technical solution, the way of forming the features of the claims with using an alternative is considered and discussed and represented by a general concept. The admissibility of the way is discussed in favor of the representation by a general concept, proved, firstly, by the presence of relevant precedents in the practice of the patent office, as well as by the level’s assessment of necessary detailing on describing each operation performed in the method. The opinion is expressed that the mention of methods’ names, which are widely used in technology, is at the same time a statement about their fame. As a result of the consideration, a conclusion is made about the consistency between the presentation of the method’s features of invention by means of general concepts and in the form of an alternative. At the same time, the first of these options allows to save significantly on the presentation’s amount of the material and the description of the invention.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2025 10:12:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407708</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why high-speed rail causes heterogeneous spatial patterns in firm innovation: Perspectives from intensive and extensive margins</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2442171</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on corporate innovation in China, analyzing county-level patent applications. Utilizing difference-in-differences regression, the authors break down the overall impact of HSR connectivity on innovation into two categories: extensive margins, where a greater number of firms become innovative, and intensive margins, where individual firms increase their level of innovation. HSR access has increased patent applications, particularly in manufacturing and non-high-tech services, affecting both margins. However, in high-tech services, the impact is significant only on the extensive margin. Effects vary between urban areas and peripheral counties, with knowledge spillovers and brain drain as key predictors. Copyright: © 2024 Zheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Oct 2024 11:49:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2442171</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigating new design concepts based on customer value and patent data: The case of a future mobility door</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2012093</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Design-based strategies are becoming as important in corporate competitive approaches as technology-based strategies, and accordingly, design patents have emerged as a mechanism for capturing technology opportunities. The text data of the design patent are not only simpler than the complex text structure of the utility patent but also clearly explain the application and design characteristics of the invention. Therefore, design patents have high value as an innovation database that can be complemented with utility data. Despite the potential of design patents as a source of technology intelligence, however, most studies on capturing technology opportunities have focused on utility patents. Therefore, this study proposed an approach to investigate new design concepts using design patents, and it employed the approach in the case of a future mobility door. More specifically, the authors first identified valuable design concepts within the target field (i.e., vehicle doors) and reference field (i.e., oven doors) to be applied to the target object (i.e., future mobility door), and they prioritized the ideas by technology- and user value-related criteria. Then, the highly-prioritized ideas were provided with the experts in the automobile industry to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The research outputs are expected to contribute to the development of product design concepts in a company by helping to discover technology opportunities with reference to the designs in other industries as well as within the target industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2022 13:46:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2012093</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Autonomous Shipping Means: the Main Areas of Patenting Research and Development Results</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1838624</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Nowadays, it is known about the development of more than 60 models of such vessels. Usually the scientific literature describes the development of elements, mechanisms and intelligent control systems. However, the authors have not identified scientific works that allow determining the most popular research areas among patent literature, as well as those that may require additional attention for the implementation of autonomous navigation. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the thematic search for titles of protection (applications, patents for inventions and useful models, certificates for computer programs) in relation to the means of autonomous navigation. The authors proposed to classify the elements of autonomous shipping means in three groups: the first group includes 14 subgroups of patents (246 patent documents), the second group includes 12 subgroups (164 patent patents), the third group includes 4 subgroups (26 patent documents). Distribution of patent documents related to the field of application of several unmanned vehicles for various purposes by years, by countries, by groups and subgroups is presented. The most popular areas were “ship management”, “ship alteration”, “cooling system”, “study of geographic elements of the terrain”, “shoreline survey”, etc. In the last two years of the studied patenting period, developments appeared in areas related to coastline surveying, pipe-laying, mine detection, ship alteration, cooling system and atypical vessel hull.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 May 2021 09:22:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1838624</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>High-speed rails and knowledge productivity: A global perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1758385</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study finds empirical macro-economic evidence for the effect of high-speed rails (HSRs) on national innovation through the analyses of 59 high- and upper-middle-income countries. Knowledge productivity (KP) is assumed to be represented by annual patent applications per million capita. The associations between HSR development and KP are analyzed with three methods: (1) estimation of KP function using 10-year panel data, covering 14 countries with HSRs; (2) estimation of average treatment effect using difference-in-differences analysis for a treatment group of 15 and a control group of 44 countries; and (3) estimation of average treatment effects using matching techniques for a dataset covering 29 countries, of which 10 received treatment. The results of all three analyses covering about 40 years of HSRs’ history, robustly suggest that HSR development can have positive externalities on KP both in the short and long runs. In addition, it is found that the HSRs’ impacts on countries with upper-middle income and countries with high urban population growth are larger than other countries. They suggest that HSR development can be a part of national innovation policy and that upper-middle-income countries, highly urbanizing countries, and countries with insufficient interregional transportation systems can have advantages in HSR introduction for promoting knowledge productivity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Apr 2021 09:20:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1758385</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Innovation Trends in Vehicle Technologies Related to ITS, as Seen from the World of Patents</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1114521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The European Patent Office (EPO), the Patent granting authority for Europe, bases its core activity on its Patent Examiners who are specialists in specific technical domains, as well as on its tremendous database of patent and non-patent documents from all over the world (EPODOC). This documentation is primarily used to retrieve prior art documents related to the claimed inventions in patent applications. Apart from the technical information, further collateral information can be retrieved from the EPODOC database which can be useful to industrial policy makers and patent applicants. A full exploitation of the EPODOC database can also reveal innovation trends of technologies related to Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Aug 2011 07:43:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1114521</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SUSTAINED ARC IGNITION SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/29507</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Circuitry for maintaining an arc or spark across a spark gap for a desired length of time is described. A high-voltage, direct-current (dc) source is connected in series with a secondary winding of a high voltage, step-up transformer or coil and a spark gap. The high-voltage source is controlled by a solid state switch which is responsive to a timing device such as a set of ignition contact points or a magnetic pulse generator operating in synchronism with a spark ignition engine. The timing device also provides signals to a current switching circuit which interrupts current flow through a primary winding of the high-voltage coil at the prescribed time that a spark is desired at the spark gap. The control circuit may include both a switch and a multivibrator if the timer is of the pulse-generating magnetic type.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/29507</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STIRLING CYCLE ENGINE AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/28623</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A Stirling cycle heat engine is described in which displacer motion is controlled as a function of the working fluid pressure and a substantially constant pressure. The heat engine includes an auxiliary chamber at the constant pressure, and an end surface of a displacer piston is disposed in the auxiliary chamber. During the compression portion of the engine cycle when the fluid pressure rises above the constant pressure, the displacer forces the working fluid to pass from the cold chamber to the hot chamber of the engine. During the expansion portion of the engine cycle the heated working fluid in the hot chamber does work by pushing down on the engine's drive piston. As the working fluid pressure drops below the constant pressure, the displacer forces most of the working fluid in the hot chamber to pass through the regenerator to the cold chamber. The engine is easily combinable with a refrigeration section to provide a refrigeration system in which the engine's single drive piston serves both the engine and the refrigeration section.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Sep 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/28623</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN IMPROVED SELF-POWERED VEHICLE DETECTION SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/150861</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An improved self-powered vehicle detector (SPVD) uses a two-axis magnetometer in conjunction with digital nulling loops to sense a vehicle's magnetic signature and then telemeter vehicle presence information to a roadside receiver. The SPVD system includes a tone code transmitter and an omnidirectional microstrip antenna to simplify installation and maintenance of the SPVD. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Aug 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/150861</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SO YOU WANT TO PATENT?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479642</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In his second article of this series (see abstract no 96030732) the author dealt with confidentiality and know-how.  He discussed the steps a person should take before disclosing an invention to various companies in order to test the market.  This article deals with the situation where that person has discovered that there is a market demand for the 'invention'.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479642</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NON-ARCING CLAMP FOR AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY JUMPER CABLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/466199</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An automotive battery jumper cable includes an electrically conductive cable which is terminated at each end by a terminal clamp.  Each of the terminal clamps includes a pair of gripping members each having a jaw end and a handle end.  The gripping members are pivotally connected to each other about an axis between the jaw and the handle ends.  A torsion spring is mounted on the gripping members for normally urging the jaw ends toward each other.  Each of the jaw ends of the gripping members is provided with a copper jaw member for engaging and grasping the battery terminal.  One of the jaws on each clamp is not electrically connected to the cable.  However, the other jaw of each clamp is electrically connected to the respective end of the cable via an encapsulated pressure switch.  The pressure switch is physically positioned between the copper jaw and the jaw end of the gripping member such that spring pressure provided by the torsion spring is operative for closing the pressure switch when the clamp is mounted on a battery terminal.  An in-line fuse can be mounted in the cable to prevent short circuits of the batteries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/466199</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SO YOU WANT TO PATENT?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/467853</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In his second article of this series (see abstract no 96030732) the author dealt with confidentiality and know-how.  He discussed the steps a person should take before disclosing an invention to various companies in order to test the market.  This article deals with the situation where that person has discovered that there is a market demand for the 'invention'.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/467853</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTING LEAKS IN PIPING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/459355</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Disclosed are a method and device for detecting the location of leaks along a wall or piping system, preferably in double-walled piping.  The apparatus comprises a sniffer probe, a rigid cord such as a length of tube attached to the probe on one end and extending out of the piping with the other end, a source of pressurized air, filling the annulus defined between the inner and outer pipe with helium, and then detecting the presence of helium within the inner pipe.  The length of the tube at the point where a leak is detected determines the location of the leak in the pipe.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jun 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/459355</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INTEGRATED NULL-FLUX SUSPENSION AND MULTIPHASE PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR MAGNETICALLY-LEVITATED VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/448390</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report discusses a propulsion and stabilization system comprising a series of figure 8 coils mounted vertically on the walls of the guideway to provide suspension, lateral guidance and propulsion of a magnetically levitated vehicle.  This system further allows for altering the magnetic field effects by changing the relative position of the loops comprising the figure 8 coils either longitudinally and/or vertically with resulting changes in the propulsion, the vertical stability, and the suspension.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Nov 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/448390</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMPROVED HIGH SPEED MAGLEV DESIGN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/448102</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report discusses a propulsion and stabilization system for an inductive repulsion type magnetically levitated vehicle which is propelled and suspended by a system which includes dividing the superconducting magnets into two types: a strong field magnet which is located vertically below the vehicle for propulsion and guidance and a weak field superconducting magnet located at the ends of the vehicle for levitation and added guidance.  Several proposed embodiments exist for the placement of the magnetic field shielding: locating the shielding on the vehicle, locating the shielding on the guideway, and locating the shielding on the guideway and adding shielding to the vertical undercarriage.  In addition, the separation between the vehicle and the guideway can be controlled to reduce the exposure of the passenger cabin to magnetic fields.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Oct 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/448102</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>