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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>DEEP POLYMER IMPREGNATION OF A BRIDGE DECK USING THE GROOVING TECHNIQUE. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/268360</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project was intended to demonstrate the feasibility of commercial application of deep polymer impregnation to entire bridge deck areas.  A special grooving technique previously developed by the researchers was employed. Grooves were cut in the deck using a diamond saw to contain the liquid monomer impregnant.  The grooves are cut along lines of constant elevation so that all of the impregnant is contained at constant depth in the grooves.  Since the impregnation takes place at the sides and bottoms of the grooves, the time required to impregnate the concrete to a given depth is very significantly reduced over that needed for surface ponding.  The field trial was carried out in May-June 1985 on a 44-foot-wide by 131-foot-long bridge deck near Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, by a construction contractor who had had no prior experience with the method or the materials used.  Drying was accomplished by means of gas-fired infrared heaters, and polymerization by means of a 30000-gallon pond on the deck surface, heated by live steam, injection.  Groove backfilling was done with latex-modified mortar.  The depth of impregnation achieved, as measured from core specimens removed from the deck, was in the design range of 3 to 4 inches.  It appears that the only impediment to general field implementation of the process is the high first cost resulting from the specialized equipment required.  A moderate commitment to the use of the process can reduce the equipment amortization costs to acceptable levels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:38:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/268360</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>GUIDE FOR THE USE OF POLYMERS IN CONCRETE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/367514</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Guide presents information on how to use polymers in concrete to improve some characteristics of the hardened concrete.  Recommendations are included for polymer impregnated concrete (PIC), polymer concrete (PC), polymer portland cement concrete (PPCC), and safety considerations for the use of polymers in concrete.  Information is provided on types of materials and their storage, handling, and use, as well as concrete formulations, equipment to be used, construction procedures, and applications.  A bibliography of major references covering polymers in concrete and a glossary of terms are appended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Aug 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/367514</guid>
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      <title>REPAIR AND REHABILITATION OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES. SEMINAR COURSE MANUAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/361441</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The contents of this Seminar Course Manual are as follows: Guide to Durable Concrete by ACI Committee 201; State-of-the-Art Report on Parking Structures by ACI Committe 362; Causes and Remedies of Distress -- Three Case Histories, P. Zia; Critique of a Post-Tensioned Roof Slab Failure, J.R. Libby; Preservation Technology:  Evaluating Concrete in Structures, K. Mather; Cathodic Protection: Repairing a Parking Structure, "Concrete International", October 1985; Epoxy-Repaired Beams, M.A. Mansur and K.C.G. Ong; Refacing for Uniformity, "Concrete International", October 1985; Epoxy Penetration, J.M. Plecnik, R.W. Gaul, Mai Pham, T. Cousins, and J. Howard; Locating Reinforcement in Concrete, L.M. Snell, N. Wallace, and R.B. Rutledge; Rehabilitation of a Parking Garage, S.K. Ojha; Straightening Out the Tilt, Z.B. Gregorian; Repairing Concrete Corrosion, W.P. de Andrade, V.A. Paulon, and M.N.A. Saad; Repairing a Major Concrete Navigation Lock, P. Barlow; Traffic-Induced Vibrations and Bridge Deck Repairs, S. Harsh and D. Darwin; Bridge Deck and Garage Floor Scarification by Hydrojetting, S.D. Tayabji; Concrete Pavement Restoration, A Long-Range Solution, G.E. Wixson; Old Concrete Arches, A.C. Shroff; Polymer Concrete Bridge Overlays, J. Cremaschi; Problems and Repairs in Tilt-Up Construction, A.R. Kenney and B.P. Kenney; To Bond or Not to Bond, O.C. Guedelhoefer and A.T. Krauklis; continued on TRIS 618731.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jan 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/361441</guid>
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      <title>EXTENDING THE LIFE OF BRIDGES. SYMPOSIUM, LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA, DECEMBER 5, 1989</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/349226</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This publication contains papers presented at a symposium held in Lake Buena Vista, Florida on December 5, 1989.  The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee D-4 on Road and Paving Materials.  The papers are as follows:  Selecting Rehabilitation and Replacement Bridge Projects, J. Weissmann, R. Harrison, N.H. Burns, and W.R. Hudson; Retrofit of Cracked Welded Steel Bridge Girders, J.J. Pullaro; Neoprene in Bridge Bearing Pads--The Proven Performance, J.S. Burpulis, J.R. Seay, and R.S. Graff; A Concept for Preventing Repeated Weld Repairs of Bridge Structures, W.H. Welsch; Strength Evaluations of Bridges, T. Tharmabala; Designing Bridge Decks to Match Bridge Life Expectancy, N.H. Bettigole; Elastomeric Concrete: Observations and Recommendations Based on a Decade of Installation History in the United States, R.J. Watson; Performance of Bridge Deck Concrete Overlays, K. Babaei and N.M. Hawkins; Orthotropic Steel Plates for Bridge Deck Replacement, F.L. Stahl; and Fourteen Years' Service with Deep Impregnation of a Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck, R.E. Weyers, P.D. Cady, M.A. Feeney, and S.F. How Lum.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jan 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/349226</guid>
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      <title>FOURTEEN YEARS' SERVICE WITH DEEP IMPREGNATION OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK. EXTENDING THE LIFE OF BRIDGES--SYMPOSIUM, LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA, DECEMBER 5, 1989</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/354408</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A test installation of deep impregnation was applied to a heavily traveled bridge deck in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1975.  The deep impregnation process involves drying the concrete, impregnating with a monomer to a depth of 3 to 4 in., and polymerizing the monomer in situ.  At the time of the impregnation, the bridge deck was eight years old and the chloride contents were above the corrosion threshold level.  The test area, 3.7 sq m, is centered on the right wheel path of the traffic lane.  During the 14-year period, spalling and delaminations have occurred on 20% of the deck with no evidence of spalling or delamination in the impregnated area.  The deep impregnation has reduced the surface wear in the wheel path by 65%.  Chloride contents have increased in both areas but at a slower rate in the impregnated area.  The percent active corrosion potentials have remained the same in the nonimpregnated area but increased to 50% in the impregnated area.  However, the corrosion current in the impregnated area is a factor of six less than in the nonimpregnated area.  The concrete resistivity is a factor of six higher in the impregnated area and of sufficient magnitude to significantly reduce the rate of corrosion.  Microscopical examination of cores showed that preexisting corrosion cells were arrested by the impregnation process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jan 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/354408</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>POLYMER MODIFIERS FOR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/344773</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The properties and uses of polymer modifiers suitable for cementitious patch repairs to concrete damaged by corroding reinforcement are described.  Polymer modifiers available in New Zealand are listed and their relevant properties and manufacturers' recommendations for use compared.  Handling characteristics and compressive strengths of a typical repair plaster mix modified with six different polymer emulsions and of a prepacked polymer-modified repair product are compared.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/344773</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>USE OF IMPROVED STRUCTURAL MATERIALS SYSTEMS IN MARINE PILING. INTERIM REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/343995</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report contains the results of a study to evaluate the feasibility of manufacturing precast, prestressed marine pile from polymer concrete, polymer impregnated concrete, internally sealed concrete and latex modified concrete. Included in the report are (1) a description of the laboratory work that preceded the preparation of the specifications, (2) a description of the manufacturing process and problems with each system, and (3) the initial results of the short term performance of the various structural concretes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/343995</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>POLYMER-IMPREGNATED BRIDGE SLABS -- PERFORMANCE OVER 10 YEARS. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/310294</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the results of a study to evaluate the performance over a 10-year period of slabs that were impregnated to a depth of about 1 in. with a monomer that was subsequently polymerized (shallow polymer impregnation). The slabs were used to widen a bridge.  The report contains data obtained from evaluations done after 3, 5, 7, and 10 years in service.  The study indicates that, based on rapid permeability tests done on cores removed from the slabs, rate of corrosion measurements made on the top mat of reinforcement in the slabs, and chloride ion content determinations done on samples removed from the slabs, shallow polymer impregnation can provide greater long-term protection against the infiltration of chloride ions and the consequent corrosion of reinforcement than conventional bridge deck concrete that is not impregnated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Aug 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/310294</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PRESENT TRENDS IN THE MECHANICS OF CEMENT BASED FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/283058</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the paper a few most representative directions of research in the title subject are examined and discussed from the viewpoint of their input to both the knowledge of composite materials behaviour and to the building practice. In fibre reinforced concretes (FRC) mechanics, the use of fracture energy absorption and crack propagation characteristics is observed.  This approach is justified by inefficiency of classic notions to describe correctly the material behaviour.  It appears that the ability to absorb energy and to control cracks is the most important advantage and it stimulates basic research.  Intensive research programmes concern the application of FRC in building and civil engineering structures and such problems are considered as use of local components (i.e. natural fibres), low cost technologies and behaviour of FRC in various environmental conditions.  The durability is another field of advanced research, oriented at explanation and control of accelerated degradation.  The durability is particularly crucial for composites with nonmetalic fibres, i.e. glass or vegetal ones.  There are also tests aimed at increase of strength and toughness by special techniques like polymer impregnation of matrices.  The mechanical properties are considered as fundamental in all pratically oriented and economically motivated research programmes concerning FRC. (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jul 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/283058</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIELD PERFORMANCE OF DEEP POLYMER IMPREGNATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/277353</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A test installation of deep polymer impregnation was applied to an 8-yr old, heavily traveled bridge deck in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1975.  While no surface spalls existed, the chloride contents at the level of the top reinforcing mat exceeded the corrosion threshold values.  The deep polymer impregnation process involved drying the concrete, impregnating it to a depth of 7.6-10.2 cm (3-4 in.) with a catalyzed acrylic monomer, and thermally polymerizing the monomer.  Detailed field and laboratory examination after 9-yr service revealed excellent performance from the impregnated concrete.  Fracture planes and spalls were absent, whereas adjacent untreated areas were highly damaged.  Surface wear was reduced by 65%.  Half-cell corrosion potentials revealed active reinforcement corrosion outside the test area, but not within.  Chloride contents were significantly lower in the test area.  Pre-existing corrosion cells within the test area were arrested.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 1987 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/277353</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT: DEEP GROOVING--A METHOD FOR IMPREGNATING CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS (ABRIDGMENT)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/216863</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Polymer impregnation of concrete can be used for the long-term protection of salt-contaminated concrete bridge decks. However, the current impregnation process requires long impregnation times and the development of new equipment. In addition, most monomers are a potential fire hazard. A laboratory investigation was performed to develop a simplified system that will reduce the impregnation time, simplify the equipment needs, and mitigate the potential fire hazards by deep grooving the concrete. The monomer used was an MMA-TMPTMA-AZO system. The laboratory results indicate that the impregnation time can be significantly reduced by optimizing the groove width, depth, and spacing. Optimum drying (by using infrared heaters) and polymerization conditions for the grooving conditions are also presented. The results of the laboratory study demonstrate the feasibility of the method and the need for a full-scale field trial to demonstrate its applicability to field conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jan 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/216863</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION: DEEP GROOVING--A METHOD FOR IMPREGNATING CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS (ABRIDGMENT)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/216864</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Polymer impregnation of concrete is a long-term protection method for chloride-contaminated concrete bridge decks. The deepgrooving impregnation method significantly reduces impregnation time, simplifies equipment needs, mitigates potential fire hazards, and may provide a long-lasting and more skid-resistant surface. The procedures for impregnating a concrete bridge deck using the deep-grooving method are presented. Included are methods used to calculate the optimum groove spacing, width, and depth. An optimum drying criterion using a propane-fired infrared heater is presented. A method for determining the impregnation time and polymerization times and methods for a methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer system are also presented. In addition, methods for filling the grooves, an estimated total time to impregnate an average bridge, and cost data are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jan 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/216864</guid>
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