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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Impact of Pavement Roughness on Cost and Emissions: A Network-Level Study in Oregon</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2736546</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research study aimed to assess the impact of pavement smoothness across the roadway network in Oregon and analyze various scenarios to identify opportunities for reducing financial expenditures and emissions via reductions in overall roadway roughness levels. An analysis of 20 years of Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT)’s International Roughness Index (IRI) data shows that reducing pavement roughness to 40 in/mi could yield substantial benefits, an estimated $142 million in annual cost savings and a reduction of 423,462 metric tons (MT) of CO₂ emissions per year. Maintaining an IRI of 65 in/mi, even if 40 in/mi is not feasible, yields major benefits, about $45 million in annual savings and a 134,927 MT CO₂e reduction, nearly matching ODOT’s total yearly emissions of 182,592 MT. These benefits are influenced by the adoption of electric vehicles, which could reduce both cost and emissions savings by approximately 4–16 % and 4–10 %, respectively. Within Oregon, focusing maintenance on the highest-traffic roads and maintaining IRI at 40 in/mi could result in annual savings ranging from $49 million to $126 million and emission reductions of 262,082 to 427,829 MT of CO₂, depending on whether 3 %, 6 %, or 12 % of the network is maintained. Overall, the study reflects the massive impact of pavement roughness on the road user costs and the associated emissions considering different scenarios for Oregon road network. The potential savings could be even greater if smoother pavements are combined with the use of sustainable materials in asphalt production.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2026 08:34:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2736546</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A blended approach to predict the noise impact by air traffic operations in realistic weather conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784927</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As part of a more global research effort towards greener aviation, the present study focuses on the noise impact of aircraft operations around major airports. To this end, a blended approach for aircraft noise prediction is developed, which consists of combining a widely used semi-empirical method (Integrated Noise Model, INM) with a physics-based simulation technique (Ray Tracing, RT). More precisely, the INM method is enhanced with a RT-based noise attenuation module, whose role is to restitute the transmission losses entailed by all atmospheric effects onto the acoustic waves propagating from the (aircraft) source to the (ground) observers. This blended computational approach allows simulating the ground noise impact of aircraft operations whilst accounting for the non-trivial propagation effects stemming from realistic (e.g., heterogeneous) atmospheres, all that being performed with a good accuracy and at a reasonable CPU cost. In that regard, the approach proves more accurate than the standard, popular method it stems from (INM), whilst incurring less computational cost than the more advanced technique it partly relies upon (RT). These capacities of the approach are demonstrated through representative aircraft operations around the Hong Kong International Airport; Involving either one or multiple flights along with atmospheres of increasing complexity, these simulations showcase the effectiveness of the here-proposed approach to tackle realistic problems of noise impact by air traffic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2026 08:34:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784927</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluating the effectiveness and equity implications of car-use reduction policies through multi-agent simulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2781547</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The growing demand for private car transportation in cities has been linked to substantial negative externalities, including emissions, noise, crashes and land consumption. Policymakers have proposed various measures to mitigate these impacts, though only a few were implemented. Meanwhile, the accessibility implications of car-use reduction policies remain largely unexplored in the literature. This study attempts to overcome this gap by presenting a simulation-based framework to evaluate the effectiveness and equity implications of car-use reduction policies. The framework integrates discrete choice modelling, agent-based simulation and disaggregate utility-based accessibility analysis, which enable studying the impact across different population segments. A discrete choice model, based on stated preference data, is used to evaluate mode choices under different policies. The model is embedded within an agent-based simulation, which is calibrated and validated using a national household travel survey. The output is used to evaluate behavioural response and system-wide impacts of the proposed measures, and to quantify accessibility changes for different population segments using a logsum measure. Based on a case study in Munich, Germany, the results indicate that promoting active mobility and reducing speed limits for motorised traffic may be the prevailing strategy, generating modest modal shift and notable environmental outcomes, but causing accessibility losses that vary across population segments. We emphasise that a comprehensive policy analysis should also consider factors like emissions, safety and overall liveability. The study underscores the value of disaggregate analyses for project appraisal, particularly when large-scale implementation is infeasible. Future research should explore preference heterogeneity within the agent-based framework.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2026 09:24:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2781547</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Noise Testing Methods and Indicators for Transport Equipment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581780</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the development of transportation technology for carrying equipment, the noise during the operation of carrying equipment has become a key concern with increasing speed. In response to the above requirements and in order to better test noise indicators and ensure that the development of transportation equipment meets national standards, this article studies the methods and indicators of noise testing in recent years, and explores the construction of a noise testing indicator system, providing strong theoretical knowledge for the development of transportation equipment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 16:24:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2581780</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Calibration Strategy to Address Abnormal Engine Noise in Cold Transient Driving Condition</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2761805</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Passenger vehicle users often manoeuvre their cars in diverse and unpredictable driving patterns. The vast and varied terrain of the Indian subcontinent further complicates this scenario, introducing unique challenges due to differences in driving expertise, vehicle usage, and environmental conditions. A specific challenge addressed in this paper arises during different engine temperatures and transient driving conditions—a critical phase for engine calibration to ensure optimal drivability and emissions performance. With current calibration practices, a backfire like abnormal engine noise was observed during certain transient driving patterns. This paper presents a novel calibration methodology designed to eliminate such abnormal noise. The proposed approach involves a step-by-step transient calibration refinement, making the calibration process more robust and adaptable to any driving behaviour. The paper outlines the specific challenges encountered and details the multi-level calibration and validation strategy used to resolve the issue, thereby enhancing overall vehicle drivability performance and customer satisfaction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 16:23:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2761805</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coast Guard: Additional Action Needed to Address Marine Firefighting Challenges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784539</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Coast Guard has issued regulations requiring certain vessels to have response plans that identify the resources that would respond to marine fires related to oil discharges. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 includes a provision for the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) to review, among other things, the Coast Guard’s efforts related to marine firefighting. This report examines (1) how frequently nearshore marine fires occur and the characteristics of those fires and (2) what challenges exist in marine firefighting and how the Coast Guard is addressing them. GAO analyzed Coast Guard data for 2015 through 2025; reviewed Coast Guard guidance and investigative reports; and interviewed Coast Guard officials, fire chiefs based in seven Coast Guard sectors, and representatives from maritime and firefighting stakeholder associations. GAO recommends that Congress should consider amending existing law to ensure that owners and operators of nontank vessels that use alternative fuels prepare vessel response plans related to hazardous substance discharges. GAO is also making five recommendations to the Coast Guard, including to designate marine firefighting coordination responsibilities to specific field positions, engage with fire departments to coordinate training, establish a mechanism to store and share marine firefighting information, and develop factors maritime stakeholders and the Coast Guard should consider regarding vessel response plan activation. The Coast Guard agreed with all five recommendations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 16:23:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784539</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stress Analysis of Key Equipment in Carbon-Based Catalytic Multi-Pollutant Control Technology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2742606</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The desulfurization and denitrification tower is the core equipment of the carbon-based catalytic multi-pollutant synergistic control technology. Its design strength ensures the system’s pollutant removal efficiency and stable operation. This study utilized ANSYS finite element analysis software to establish a three-dimensional model of the tower and divide high-precision grids. Combined with the load analysis, calculation and work condition analysis under actual conditions, the deformation and stress distribution of the tower body, as well as the film stress and bending stress of each component, were calculated, and strength verification and stress assessment were conducted. When ignoring the calculation error, the overall design strength of the tower body meets the requirements, but the local reinforced beam stress exceeds the limit, so it is recommended to replace the steel with a material with a higher allowable stress value.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 15:46:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2742606</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Further Investigation of the Variables Affecting Brake Squeal: Dual-Piston and Single-Piston Calipers with NAO Pads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784454</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An earlier publication reported that brake squeal occurrence increases with increasing (inboard/outboard) pads wear rate difference in the case of a front dual-piston (twin-piston) caliper for a GVW vehicle of 2,510 kg fitted with Lowmet pads of straight chamfers and diamond chamfers. The current investigation was undertaken to find out if a front dual-piston caliper for a heavier vehicle (GVW 3,200 kg) fitted with NAO pads of straight chamfers, and a lighter single-piston caliper (GVW 2,100 kg) fitted with NAO pads of straight chamfers behave the same or not, using the SAE J2521 and Los Angeles City Traffic simulation procedures. In all cases, brake squeal is found to increase with increasing (inboard/outboard) pads wear rate differences (wear differentials); increasing pad radial taper is associated with increasing (I/O) pads wear differential; pad tangential taper lowers the (I/O) pads wear differential. Increasing friction coefficients do not relate to increasing squeal occurrences. To minimize brake squeal occurrence, caliper should be designed to minimize (I/O) pads wear differential.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 13:27:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784454</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Application of Electrochemical Noise Analysis for Rapid Assessment of Corrosion Resistance in Anodized AlSi Alloys</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784440</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents a rapid and fully quantitative method for evaluating the corrosion resistance of anodized Aluminum-Silicon (AlSi) alloys through Electrochemical Noise Measurement (ENM). Laboratory specimens and brake components of EN AC-45300 (AlSi5CuMg) are anodized and characterized using both ENM and Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) testing to establish a correlation between the two methodologies. The results reveal a clear and consistent relationship between the logarithm of the noise resistance (Log(Rn)) and the NSS exposure time, demonstrating that ENM captures the key electrochemical features governing corrosion initiation. By providing an objective and data-driven assessment based on measurements acquired within approximately 40 hours, ENM offers a significantly faster and more quantitative approach for predicting NSS performance, thereby reducing validation times of anodized AlSi components.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 13:27:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784440</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comparison of Wind Noise Quietness Metrics Using ISO 532-1 and ISO
          532-3</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784443</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study compares two international loudness standards—International                     Organization for Standardization (ISO) 532-1:2017 (Zwicker) and ISO 532-3:2023                     (Moore–Glasberg–Schlittenlacher)—for assessing vehicle wind noise using wind                     tunnel measurement data. The two methods demonstrate good agreement in ranking                     wind noise quietness at typical highway speeds (120–140 km/h). However,                     discrepancies arise under specific conditions due to ISO 532-3’s binaural                     processing, which accounts for interaural inhibition effects. These differences                     are particularly pronounced in vehicles with asymmetric wind noise levels                     between the driver and passenger sides. Power-law regression analysis reveals                     that binaural loudness at the driver side (ISO 532-3) increases at a slower rate                     with wind speed compared to the monaural measurements [driver outboard ear                     (DOE)] of ISO 532-1. Under yaw angle conditions, the perceptual contribution of                     the driver inboard ear (DIE) introduces subtle metric-dependent variations.                     Contribution analyses further highlight method-specific sensitivities to noise                     source location and direction. Overall, this study provides a valuable reference                     for implementing loudness metrics in automotive wind noise engineering.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 13:24:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2784443</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Classification of medium and small cities for the implementation of Low Emission Zones</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2732642</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The expansion of urban mobility has intensified transport-related negative externalities, prompting the implementation of Low Emission Zones (LEZs), which commonly involve vehicle access restrictions to improve air quality. Given the diversity of urban contexts and LEZ strategies, there is a pressing need for tools that help identify the most appropriate LEZ design for each city. This study addresses this need by classifying cities according to geophysical, socioeconomic, and transport-related characteristics that contribute to externalities. The classification supports the formulation of both general policy guidelines and specific recommendations for LEZ planning in cities with similar profiles. Using Spain as a case study, 61 cities are analyzed through 11 variables, and a cluster analysis identifies eight distinct city groups. For each group, tailored policy guidelines and early-stage planning measures are proposed to inform the design of context-sensitive and effective LEZs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 16:45:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2732642</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Urban transportation, environment, and community health for New York City (UTECH-NYC)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2781831</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban traffic remains a major source of fine particulate pollution and the related health burdens. We developed an urban transportation, environment, and community health model for NYC (UTECH-NYC), an integrated framework linking travel demand, on-road emissions, dispersion, and human exposure at 20 m × 20 m spatial and hourly temporal resolution. UTECH-NYC enables analysis of transportation policies such as congestion pricing and vehicle electrification. Results show that the NYC congestion toll reduces traffic-attributable PM₂.₅ by 16% and exposure by 13% in Manhattan’s central business district, while displacing pollution to peripheral corridors. Furthermore, vehicle-electrification scenarios reduce traffic-attributable PM₂.₅ across NYC. However, under the stylized uniform-adoption scenarios considered here, spatially uneven burdens are not fully eliminated, and the distributional implications are sensitive to the equity metric used. UTECH-NYC therefore provides a fine-scale, equity-aware framework for evaluation of urban transportation policies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 08:37:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2781831</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Spatial variations of non-exhaust emissions across seasons using fixed-site and mobile measurements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2781577</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban exposure to particulate matter (PM) from road dust and brake/tire wear is an emerging health concern. Mobile and fixed-site PM sampling was conducted across three seasons in Toronto. Mobile sampling employed paired window and wheel-well inlets to estimate resuspended PM, alongside ultrafine particles and black carbon as indicators of exhaust emissions. Analysis of 900 + weekly filters from 40 sites showed the strongest roadway contrasts for barium. Source apportionment resolved distinct contributions from road dust and brake/tire wear. Road dust dominated PM, peaking in construction areas, while brake/tire wear contributed 10–15 % of trace elements and peaked near expressways. Mobile measurements revealed steep near-road ultrafine particle gradients and increased resuspended PM on local roads, particularly in winter. However, non-exhaust emission rates remained greatest on expressways. This study presents the first integration of fixed-site and mobile measurements with spatial source apportionment and land use regression with kriging to characterize non-exhaust emissions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 08:37:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2781577</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vibroacoustic Analysis of Integer-Slot Vehicular PMSMs Considering Thermal Load</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2734888</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study thoroughly investigates the impact of thermal load on electromagnetic vibration and noise of integer-slot permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) in vehicular applications. Initially, the impact of the temperature on the electromagnetic force (EMF) waves of the excitation source is investigated. A finite element (FE) model for calculating the temperature field of the PMSMs is established, and the temporal and spatial harmonic characteristics of the EMF that significantly contribute to electromagnetic vibration and noise are analyzed. Then, from the perspective of the thermal effect on the material properties of the motor structure and thermal stress, the influence of thermal load on structural modes is studied. Finally, a multiphysics FE model for the PMSM, integrating magnetic, thermal, structural, and acoustic fields, is established to predict electromagnetic vibration and noise, and the mechanism of the thermal load on the electromagnetic vibration and noise is revealed. The results indicate that the temperature rise caused by complex vehicular operating conditions simultaneously alters the amplitude of EMFs, modal frequencies, and structural damping. This leads to more complex characteristics in the electromagnetic vibration and noise of vehicular motors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 08:36:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2734888</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rubber-modified ballasted track systems for noise and vibration mitigation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2768796</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ballasted railways remain the predominant form of track infrastructure worldwide, yet they face persistent challenges related to ballast degradation, high maintenance costs, and excessive noise and vibration. Within the Horizon Europe LIAISON project, a novel low-noise and low-vibration ballasted track system was developed and validated through full-scale testing. The proposed solution integrates reused ballast aggregate and rubber aggregate derived from waste tires, together with geosynthetics, low-height shoulder elements, and near-source noise barriers. The inclusion of recycled rubber enhances shear modulus and damping while reducing ballast breakage. Large-scale cyclic simple shear tests confirmed that rubber-modified ballast maintains adequate shear strength and stiffness for track stability. Full-scale prototype testing and on-site monitoring further demonstrated its technical feasibility. The results highlight the potential of this sustainable, circular-economy-based solution to improve performance, durability, and environmental compatibility of modern railway infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2026 10:51:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2768796</guid>
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