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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>UK road accidents. Long run trends and persistence using fractional integration</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663895</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study analyses long-term trends and persistence in road traffic accidents in the United Kingdom using fractional integration models. Although numerous interventions have been implemented to reduce accident rates, persistent effects and temporal dynamics have received little attention, especially in accidents involving pedestrians, cyclists and drivers. Traditional approaches, based on integer differentiation, do not adequately capture these prolonged dependencies, limiting understanding of the underlying processes. Fractional integration allows for the modelling of non-stationary series with mean reversion, offering a more accurate representation of the temporal structure and persistence in the data. The results show high persistence in cyclist and pedestrian deaths, indicating that temporary interventions are insufficient to achieve sustainable reductions in accident rates. These conclusions have direct implications for public policy formulation: permanent strategies are required that include investments in safe infrastructure (segregated lanes, improved pedestrian crossings), continuous enforcement of speed limits and regulations, and monitoring systems differentiated by user type. Overall, the study provides empirical evidence on the need for structural and sustained approaches to reduce accidents.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 14:02:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663895</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Unveiling emerging communities: A network approach on transport decarbonisation technology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2656220</link>
      <description><![CDATA[What are the latent thematic communities driving transport decarbonization research across road, rail, maritime, and crossmodal domains? To answer this central question, this work proposes an integrated network model that fuses bibliographic coupling with Sentence-BERT semantic similarities, followed by a statistical analysis using state-of-the-art community detection algorithms. The authors assess partitions via four complementary metrics, modularity, silhouette, density, and NF1, and compare weighted versus unweighted graphs. The analysis of mode-specific corpora uncovers distinct clusters: road research splits into urban last-mile automation and rural logistics; rail coalesces around a synchromodal scheduling hub with biofuel and corridor electrification offshoots; maritime divides into green fuels, autonomous safety, and shore-power streams; and crossmodal studies form overlapping triads of electrification, data analytics, and blockchain. Weighted edge integration uniformly enhances thematic clarity without altering algorithm rankings. These findings yield actionable algorithm-selection heuristics and tie each community to specific SDG targets, transforming aspirational goals into a concrete, community-by-community policy roadmap for green logistics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 13:52:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2656220</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Artificial intelligence and its impact on the current and future transport workforce: Policies and research to bridge the gaps and foster cooperation versus competition between countries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2653238</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely recognized as the revolution of this era; however, its adoption is uneven across industries and countries, with a wide gap between Europe and non-EU countries. The paper analyses the state of AI adoption, focusing on transport workforce, and aims at proposing common actions, research, and policies to create cooperation rather than competition. To this end, a literature review was conducted, followed by two field surveys on the needs and actions of stakeholders and students to manage the transition to increasing digitalization and automation accelerated by AI. The field surveys involved focus groups, interviews and archaeological ethnography and were based on a worldwide selection of stakeholders from different transport sectors, and a sample of undergraduate, master’s, and PhD students. Textual analysis was used for data analysis. Over 900 stakeholders from 45 countries, including all levels of workforce, and nearly 600 students were involved. Needs, issues and concrete actions emerged, proposing specific measures to reduce the risks generated by AI. The main recommendations refer to: a) labor market regulation that requires broader inclusion of social dialogue; b) integration of the educational approach at different school and work levels, to prepare people to think independently and be creative in order to prevent shocks in adapting to AI evolution, fostering collaboration instead of competition. Field experiments are proposed to test policies, making the transition to AI use effective. The EU-US comparison in light of the proposed policies highlights the barriers created by different economic contexts, values and market regulations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 13:52:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2653238</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Policy-driven life-cycle emissions and climate resilience of highway pavements: An LCA-optimization and scenario analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652960</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study quantifies the environmental and economic implications of highway pavement construction and management in Jordan’s arid and semi-arid regions and evaluates policy-relevant adaptation pathways for 2025–2065, linking pavement engineering decisions to transportation-system sustainability and reliability. The authors couple a process-based life-cycle assessment (LCA) with a climate-driven deterioration–maintenance optimization model using projected stressors (+2.3 °C mean warming, +20 % extreme-heat days >40 °C, and higher rainfall variability). Under Business-as-Usual (BAU), phase contributions to total life-cycle emissions are: raw materials 45 %, construction 30 %, transport 15 %, maintenance 7 %, and end-of-life 3 %. Baseline emissions equal ∼300 tCO2e km−1 (asphalt) and ∼180 tCO2e km−1 (concrete). Optimization reduces emissions to ∼225 tCO2e km−1 (–25 %) and ∼150 tCO2e km−1 (–17 %), while lowering life-cycle costs by 22 % (asphalt) and 18 % (concrete). Policy packages amplify benefits: a Moderate Sustainability pathway reduces emissions by ∼20 % versus BAU, while a High Sustainability pathway achieves >40 % reduction and yields an 18 % net cost saving over 40 years despite 15–25 % higher upfront costs. Climate stress increases damage rates (asphalt 0.015 → 0.019 y−1; concrete 0.008 → 0.011 y−1), raising thermal cracking by 18 % and moisture-driven rutting by 15 %. Spatially, emissions are lowest in the Jordan Valley and highest in the Northern Highlands/Eastern Desert due to terrain and haul distances. Findings translate into actionable transport-policy levers—performance-grade upgrades, minimum recycled-content mandates, broad warm-mix adoption, and regionalized specifications—supporting lower-carbon, more climate-resilient networks with an estimated ≈30 % resilience/structural integrity gain under fiscally viable investment strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 13:52:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652960</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Envisioning AI for international cooperation in maritime transport: Conceptual insights from short sea shipping and maritime spatial planning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652954</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence (AI) can significantly enhance transportation governance, particularly by enabling more effective international cooperation in data-driven decision-making. In maritime transport, AI applications can support complex planning and policy processes, such as maritime spatial planning (MSP), which governs the use of maritime space across overlapping sectors and jurisdictions. Short sea shipping (SSS), a vital mode of regional and intra-regional transport, depends heavily on coordinated planning efforts due to its interactions with other marine uses, its socio-economic role, and the need to maintain connectivity for insular economies. This study uses a national level case study of Greek SSS to identify structural, data-related, and governance limitations that impede evidence-based policy design. Key performance indicators (KPIs) and composite indices (CIs) are developed to assess connectivity, accessibility, and operational efficiency across the island and between the islands and the mainland. These empirical findings reveal fragmented data, heterogenous service patterns, and gaps in current governance frameworks, highlighting challenges that extend to regional and international coordination. Building on these insights, the paper proposes a conceptual AI framework to address the identified limitations. Machine learning can forecast SSS performance trends, while natural language processing can harmonize policy documents across jurisdictions. By linking empirical limitations with this forward-looking conceptual approach, the study demonstrates how AI can transform fragmented maritime data into interoperable, collaborative governance mechanisms that enhance MSP implementation and cross-border cooperation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 13:52:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652954</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Introducing Diversity Personas in Gender-Responsive Mobility Planning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2580247</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Diversity Personas are a design method that moves marginalized perspectives to center stage, offering a structured approach to integrating intersectional identities in user representation. While traditional personas are widely used in user-centered design, they often fail to capture the complexity of social identities, reinforcing stereotypes and excluding underrepresented groups. This paper introduces Diversity Personas as a tool for fostering inclusivity in gender-responsive mobility planning. The authors present a case study in which Diversity Personas were co-created with employees and mobility managers to support more inclusive workplace commuting solutions. The approach utilizes diversity personas not only for empathizing with users but also as a collaborative tool for stakeholders involved in mobility practices and to create personas that reflect the diverse and intersectional identities of the workforce. This process facilitates a nuanced discussion on mobility needs, addressing gender differences and promoting inclusivity in mobility planning. The case study demonstrates that Diversity Personas not only mitigate stereotyping but also serve as catalysts for structural change by fostering awareness and enabling organizations to design more equitable mobility solutions. This paper contributes to persona research, gender-sensitive design, and participatory methods, providing a framework that can be adapted across diverse innovation and policy-making contexts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:02:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2580247</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The ambivalent role of indicators in urban mobility governance: a qualitative study of mobility policymaking and planning experts in the German Rhine-Main region</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2616843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper explores the role of indicators in urban mobility governance, analysing their effects based on qualitative interviews with experts in policymaking and planning from the German Rhine-Main region. Findings reveal that indicators serve a dual purpose: as analytical tools that guide decision making and as strategic assets within political contexts, incorporating strong communicative capabilities. These dynamics are increasingly being shaped by European Union regulations, which aim to mandate indicator-based monitoring of urban mobility plans and may link compliance to funding mechanisms. They are, thus, relevant for cities across Europe. Challenging the often uncritical, affirmative view of indicators in transport and mobility research, the results highlight the inherent ambivalence of indicators, suggesting that these analytical and strategic roles are intertwined. By doing so, it closes an analytical gap in transport and mobility studies by delivering a critical analysis of the workings of indicators in governance and policymaking processes. Consequently, this study calls for a balanced approach in both research and practice to effectively harness the potential of indicators in urban mobility governance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 14:17:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2616843</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Understanding politicians’ positions about the role of car restrictive measures in sustainable transitions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2641121</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Contentious transport measures (CTM) are defined in this paper as those which reduce the amount of road space available for, or the cost of using, the private car. These measures have been shown to be necessary if a transition to a more sustainable transport system is to take place. Although they are the key decision makers as to whether such measures should be implemented at city level, there is a dearth of research on local politicians’ views on mobility issues in general, and to CTM specifically. This paper addresses this gap by presenting and analyzing interviews with local politicians in Sweden, Norway and Spain. It finds that local politicians can be categorized broadly into three groups: those who do not support CTM as they see them as being incompatible with their ideology; those who will support a gradual implementation of such measures; and those for whom there is an urgent need for CTM and that their task is to respond to their voters and lead society towards the transition by implementing CTM even if they are unpopular with some sectors of the electorate. These findings align with earlier work identifying some politicians as radical and some as incremental in their approach to policy change; and the self-definition of politicians as ‘trustees’, leading change as elected representatives, compared to those who see themselves more as ‘delegates’, representing the views of their voters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2026 14:31:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2641121</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>How well are national policies addressing transport poverty in Scotland?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2641109</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transport poverty can be caused by a lack of transport options that are available, reliable, affordable, accessible or safe. This study aimed to assess whether selected national transport policies were likely to achieve a population level impact on transport poverty in Scotland. The authors identified a long list of relevant policies from sources including the national transport strategy annual delivery plan. Transport Scotland officials prioritized 12 of these policies for review. Eight policies addressed affordability, three safety, and two accessibility, one of which addressed both accessibility and safety. The authors used available evidence, mainly from policy documentation and evaluations, to score whether these were: systematically applied; scaled up appropriately; resourced in the long term; and evidence based, to generate an overall assessment of likely population level impact. The authors scored eight policies as high population level impact, three medium and one low. The policies were all legislative or universally available for defined populations, with few barriers to uptake. The authors identified bus concessionary schemes as particularly important to improve affordability, but some low-income populations who could most benefit are not eligible. The authors assessed three legislative policies as likely to have a population impact on accessibility and/or safety. The authors conclude that addressing each dimension in isolation is not sufficient to reduce transport poverty. A broad transport poverty strategy addressing all dimensions of transport poverty should be developed to ensure everyone can access transport options to meet their needs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2026 14:31:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2641109</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coordinating Variable Speed Limits and Managed Lanes at On-ramp Bottlenecks: Policy Design, Performance, and Implementation Implications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643980</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recurrent on-ramp bottlenecks remain a major source of delay and unreliability on urban freeways. We evaluate a coordinated variable speed limit (VSL) and managed lane (ML) policy that (i) meters mainline vehicle speeds by section and (ii) dynamically selects ML termini upstream and downstream so that ML remains outside the merge influence area to preserve weaving capacity. The research is established for fully connected and automated vehicles, where vehicles are expected to adapt to VSL and ML consistently. The model is solved with an option-critic controller of deep reinforcement learning, which selects VSL values for each mainline cell and on-ramp cell as well as ML termini at each control step, using measured road occupancy and vehicle speed states, where a comprehensive reward is developed to balance person delay and ramp queue dissipation. In microsimulation, coordinated VSL and ML reduces average vehicle delay, passenger delay, stop time, and CO2 by up to 57%, 48%, 42%, and 37%, respectively, compared with no-control baselines; gains are most robust at moderate flows between 4,500 to 5,500 veh/h and priority shares 20 to 60%, while passenger delay improves most at 40∼50% priority share. Lane-placement experiments show that ML performs best on the outside (ramp-adjacent) lane with its termini offset from the merge area. Findings may translate into design guidance: keep ML openings out of the merge influence area and coordinate VSL value to tune inflow into the weaving zone.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Jan 2026 09:16:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643980</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Low sparsity, high granularity: Making the most of smartphones and smartwatches for mobility and well-being policy-making</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633513</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Smartphones and smartwatches can passively capture mobility data with minimal user input, avoiding self-reporting bias. Their value is particularly pronounced when combined with traditional online surveys exploring subjective perceptions. Longitudinal data collection efforts, however, face significant challenges, notably a high risk of data sparsity in multi-source and multi-method approaches. This study investigates individual mobility behavior and well-being through an innovative data collection system combining smartphone and smartwatch devices with online surveys. The system was designed to limit data sparsity by supporting high participants’ adherence to the study protocol and retention over time. Critical issues addressed included user privacy, device performance, technical support, field monitoring, and data integration. A pilot study with 294 volunteers over 30 days showed high adherence throughout and across metrics: completion of daily diaries (98%), smartwatch wearing time (90%), sleep data collection (91%), and smartphone-based locations and transport modes (92%). Retention rates were high for daily diaries (92%) and smartphone-based location data (93%), while smartwatch wearing time and sleep data reduced more consistently to 83% and 86% in the last days of monitoring. Lessons learned include further minimizing data sparsity and improving data quality by oversampling participants and extending the monitoring period. Automating notification and e-mail support, at least partially, is also recommended to reduce the workload on support staff. Practical implications of the data collection system for transport research are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2025 09:35:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633513</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Climate change and air transport: A bibliometric analysis to guide adaptation policy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2626054</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Climate change poses unprecedented challenges to the air transport industry. There is currently limited industry guidance on how to adapt to the impacts of climate change. A coordinated, evidence-based approach to climate adaptation is urgently needed to maintain operational safety and industry resilience. This study applies bibliometric analysis to climate change and aviation literature to bridge the gap between rapidly evolving climate science and aviation adaptation policy development. The analysis reveals significant temporal and geographical patterns in research output, highlighting both the acceleration of climate-aviation scholarship and the industry’s vulnerability to multiple climate hazards. Through examination of 66 publications from 2005 to 2024, the authors identified critical operational risks requiring immediate adaptation policy attention: extreme temperatures, sea level rise, changing weather patterns and increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events/disasters, jet stream alterations, permafrost thawing, mosquito population shifts at airports, air traffic control challenges, and altered wind patterns. Successful air transport climate adaptation policies must incorporate four key elements: implementation science for rapid translation of research to policy, global collaboration to limit geographical policy disparity, bibliometric analysis as a tool to develop and review policy; and climate-change-informed workforce policy to develop competency in operational climate impacts. The authors propose establishing an international aviation climate adaptation consortium that would facilitate coordinated research efforts, standardize climate risk assessments, and promote equitable policy development across different regions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Dec 2025 09:57:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2626054</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring the roles of government and school support in active travel intention among adolescents: A multilevel analysis approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2626022</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Despite the numerous health benefits associated with physical activity, many young people globally fail to meet the recommended levels of engagement, with motorized travel modes becoming the preferred option among adolescents. In contrast, active travel modes such as walking and cycling are essential components of physical activity, yet they are not as widely used. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the impact of government and school support on Thai adolescents' determinants of active travel intention. A multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) approach was used to analyze data from a sample of 1500 adolescents across 32 schools in Thailand. The study spanned both urban and suburban settings, focusing on adolescents aged 15–18 years. The findings indicate that government and school support significantly enhance determinants of active travel intention and perceived built environment at the school level. At the individual level, adolescents who are more likely to intend to use active travel modes are predominantly female, reside with their parents, have a lower BMI, and do not own motorcycles. This research highlights the importance of targeted interventions that leverage both government and school support and personal characteristics to promote active travel among adolescents. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to develop evidence-based strategies that foster sustainable active travel behaviors, contributing to improved health outcomes and more environmentally sustainable transportation practices. These findings hold particular relevance for developing countries such as Thailand, where fostering active travel intentions among adolescents is essential.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Dec 2025 09:57:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2626022</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Sustainable urban freight transition governance in small and medium-sized cities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625944</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines how small and medium-sized, logistically prominent cities with climate ambitions govern their urban freight systems toward sustainability. It provides a framework for analyzing cities' governance from a socio-technical transition perspective and explores the interrelations between governance activity design and city administrations' capabilities to manage system development. Comprehensive and coherent governance packages, encompassing strategic, tactical, operational, and monitoring activities, strengthen administrations' capabilities to manage transitions effectively.Despite participating in a government-financed network program aimed at climate neutrality, the cities demonstrate substantial variations in their urban freight governance. The research reveals that city administrations operate with limited and fragmented resources, constraining their ability to pursue comprehensive governance packages and making them more dependent on coordinated efforts across geographic regions and governance levels than larger cities. Their governance activities exhibit unspecific transition visions and goals, inconsistent approaches to leveraging innovation potential, weak monitoring mechanisms, and insufficient inter-city learning. Only one city strategically addresses cooperation and networking with the explicit purpose of governing its urban freight system toward sustainability.This research offers empirical insights into urban freight governance in small and medium-sized cities while advancing theoretical understanding of interlinkages between governance activities, system development, and process complexities. For practitioners, the study offers an analytical framework and visualizations for assessing urban freight governance. For policymakers, the findings provide actionable insights to support urban freight transitions in similar cities, suggesting three critical support mechanisms: incentives and network arenas to address low political prioritization, frameworks for designing comprehensive governance packages, and stable cross-level coordination to reduce complexity and enhance stakeholder engagement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Dec 2025 09:53:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625944</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Riding together: A scoping review of factors influencing user behaviour in bike-sharing systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618264</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This scoping review systematically synthesizes the behavioral factors influencing the use and intention to use bike-sharing systems (BSS), and introduces the first multilevel conceptual framework that integrates user-, BSS provider-, government-, and urban environment-related determinants. Drawing on a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature published in English between 2014 and 2025, the review identified 66 eligible studies. Findings were organized into four overarching categories, with a distinctive novelty in establishing government-related influences and social media narratives as separate domains of analysis—extending behavioral research into institutional and digital realms. Among the factors examined, user-related determinants—particularly psychological dimensions such as attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions—emerged as the most extensively studied. However, these factors were often assessed in broad, generalized terms, with limited attention to the nuanced effects of specific individual-level variables. Urban environment factors were also widely explored, though their interactions with psychological and policy-driven influences remain underexamined. While governmental interventions and provider strategies were less frequently analyzed, they were identified as critical levers capable of addressing structural barriers to BSS use. The review further highlights underdeveloped areas, including limited insights into negative behaviors (e.g., misuse, vandalism), the influence of unfavorable social media narratives on public perception, and the complex interplay between psychological, environmental, and policy factors. By mapping current evidence and identifying research gaps, this review advances conceptual understanding and provides actionable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and BSS providers committed to promoting BSS as a sustainable urban mobility solution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Nov 2025 10:19:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618264</guid>
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