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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF BURIED METAL OR CONCRETE-COATED UNITS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1072678</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO DEFINE QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS TO DETERMINE THE CORROSION OF BURIED OR CONCRETE-COATED METAL UNITS BY MEANS OF SIMPLE MEASUREMENTS. BIBLIOGRAPHIC SEARCHES AND VARIOUS MEASUREMENTS ALREADY CARRIED OUT SHOW THE POSSIBILITY OF USING ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES (EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIAL) FOR DETERMINING THE EXISTENCE OF ACTIVE ANODIC ZONES ON THE REINFORCEMENT COATED WITH CONCRETE. THIS METHOD WILL BE USED TO ANALYZE  THE CONDITIONS OF AN ANCHORAGE ROD BURIED FOR 5 YEARS, WHICH WILL BE EXTRACTED AND THEN MEASURED. THE METHOD WILL ALSO BE APPLIED TO PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WHICH IT IS PLANNED TO DESTROY IN 1976. IT IS ALSO ENVISAGED TO CONDUCT A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THE CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL ANCHORAGE RODS IN CONNECTION WITH THE RESEARCH DESCRIBED IN RESEARCH PROJECT CODE NO. 1-05-03-6.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 13:34:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1072678</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RELATION BETWEEN THE FATIGUE CORROSION OF METALS AND THE VARIATION IN THEIR ELECTRODE POTENTIAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1068289</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A STUDY IS PRESENTED OF THE VARIATION IN THE POTENTIAL OF THE ELECTRODES OF FER-ARMCO, AND OF STEEL 20 AND 45 AS A JUNCTION OF THE LEVEL OF STRESSES APPLIED DURING FATIGUE AND CORROSION TESTS. POTENTIAL-TIME CURVES ENABLE  VARIOUS STAGES OF FATIGUE LINKED WITH CORROSION TO BE ANALYZED.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 11:06:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1068289</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF THE CHLORIDE ION DISTRIBUTION, AS A RESULT OF TRANSPORT PROCESSES, ON STEEL CORROSION IN CONCRETE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1065559</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE FOLLOWING TEST PARAMETERS SHOULD BE SELECTED: 1. CYLINDRICAL TEST PIECES OF CEMENT PASTES (CA. 30 MM IN DIAMETER FOR X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS, 50 MM HIGH), PORTLAND CEMENT, WATER-CEMENT FACTOR = 0.5.  2. DEFINED CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION, SAY 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% WITH RESPECT TO THE WEIGHT OF CEMENT.  3. AGE OF TEST PIECES: 7, 14, 28, 56, 90 AND 180 DAYS.    4. MAGNITUDE OF THE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES APPLIED, AND PERIOD OF ATTACK  +100, +300, +500 V, MEASURED AGAINST THE SATURATED CALOMEL ELECTRODE: 6,  12, 24 DAYS.  5. MEASUREMENT OF THE CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION USING THE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE METHOD.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 09:53:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1065559</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE POTENTIAL MEASUREMENT IN THE LAS PLANAS TUNNEL, NICE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063147</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN ROCK, AND IN A TUNNEL BETWEEN THE EXCAVATED SURFACE AND THE INTERIOR OF  THE ROCK.  THESE ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES CAN PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE FUTURE TENDENCIES TOWARDS RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN THE TUNNEL SOFFIT AND THE CAVITY, I.E. THE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES ARE SMALL IN ROCK AT REST AND LARGE IN ROCK WITH A HIGH TENDENCY TOWARDS MOVEMENT.  THE OBSERVATIONS SO FAR HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT ON TWO TUNNELS IN WHICH POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES OF 10 MV TO 150 MV HAVE BEEN MEASURED.  THE MEASUREMENTS ARE CONTINUING.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 08:27:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1063147</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF BURIED METAL OR COATED UNITS UNITS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1054642</link>
      <description><![CDATA[TO SET UP QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS WHICH BY MEANS OF SIMPLE MEASUREMENTS GIVE AN A-PRIORI KNOWLEDGE OF THE CORROSION OF CONCRETE-COATED OR BURIED METALS AND LEAD TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A METHOD FOR CORROSION CONTROL.  IN PARTICULAR AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO FIND CONDITIONS AND LIMITS OF APPLICATION  OF ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS TO CORROSION CONTROL.  IN 1979 IT IS ENVISAGED: - TO TEST DEVICES TO BE INCORPORATED IN CONCRETE FOR MEASURING CORROSION RATE; - TO CONTINUE STUDIES OF THE DEFINITION OF UTILIZATION CRITERIA AS  A FUNCTION OF MOISTURE CONTENT, IMMERSION OR EMERSION CONDITIONS, AND NATURE OF THE CEMENT. PLANNED TO DESTROY IN 1976. IT IS ALSO ENVISAGED TO CONDUCT A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THE CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL ANCHORAGE RODS IN CONNECTION WITH THE RESEARCH DESCRIBED IN RESEARCH PROJECT CODE NO. 1-05-03-6.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 04:05:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1054642</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF BITUMEN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1054528</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE OBJECT OF THE RESEARCH IS TO IMPROVE THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION OF BITUMEN INGREDIENTS.  THE INVESTIGATIONS CURRENTLY CARRIED OUT WILL BE CONTINUED AS REGARDS THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS: - CHEMICAL ASPECTS: CHROMATOGRAPHY CHARACTERIZATION OF FAMILIES AND FUNCTIONS; PROPORTIONING OF ACIDS, BASES AND ADDED PRODUCTS (SULPHUR FOR EXAMPLE); AROMATICITY; - THERMAL ASPECTS: BETTER EVALUATION OF TRANSITION TEMPERATURES (CALORIMETRY, DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS) AND THEIR VARIATIONS AS A FUNCTION OF THE HISTORY OF PRETREATMENT; - MECHANICAL ASPECTS: AN ATTEMPT WILL BE MADE TO RELATE PHYSICO-MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL (TORSION PENDULUM) CHARACTERISTICS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 04:00:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1054528</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BRIDGE SURVEILLANCE - PARTS 1 AND 2</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1054028</link>
      <description><![CDATA[PART 1 - VIBRATION STUDY PROCEDURES: PRELIMINARY TESTS SHOULD CLARIFY WHETHER VIBRATION MEASURING PROCEDURES ARE SUITABLE FOR CHECKING BRIDGES.  THE AIM IS TO ESTABLISH THE AMOUNT OF STEEL TENSILE REINFORCEMENT LOSS NEEDED TO BRING ABOUT A NOTICEABLE CHANGE IN THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE STRUCTURE.  PART 2 - ULTRASONIC AND POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS: THE OBJECT IS TO ESTABLISH WHETHER ULTRASONIC TESTING IS SUITABLE FOR DETERMINING AND LIMITING DEFECTIVELY COMPACTED, LOW-STRENGTH OR DAMAGED AREAS OF CONCRETE.  MEASUREMENTS OF POTENTIAL FOR DETERMINING AND LIMITING ACTIVE CORROSION AREAS IN STEEL INSERTS AND OTHER METHODS FOR THE NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CONCRETE AND REINFORCEMENT ARE ALSO BEING EXAMINED.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 03:44:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1054028</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HALF-CELL POTENTIAL MAPPING TO ASSESS REPAIR WORK ON RC STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/676808</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rational, cost effective strategies for the repair and rehabilitation of bridge components have to be based on reliable information on the level and rate of deterioration.  Rapid, non-destructive techniques such as half-cell potential mapping can detect and locate the main cause of deterioration, the localized chloride-induced corrosion of the rebars, and thus, greatly improve the quality of condition assessment and repair works.  After completing restoration suitable monitoring techniques should be made available to control its effectiveness and durability.  This paper reports on the successful use and limitations of half-cell potential mapping as an assessment technique after completion of repair work.  The examples presented and discussed include traditional repair (replacement of chloride contaminated concrete), electrochemical chloride removal (ECR), electrochemical realkalization (ER) and the application of surface applied corrosion inhibitors.  It is shown that due to possible changes in resistivity and pH of the concrete pore solution induced by the repair work, a correct interpretation of half-cell potential readings after repair work requires precise knowledge on the mechanism of corrosion protection of the repair strategy, and a sound experience in half-cell potential mapping on RC structures.  (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Apr 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/676808</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF CONCRETE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/670046</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Nowadays, there exists reasonable background of published literature on the durability of concrete structures.  Yet, neither internationally recognized standards for measurements of concrete resistance nor a reliable correlation between resistance of concrete and corrosion are available.  The research work reported in this paper is particularly concerned with the effects of the measuring technique on the accuracy of resistance values.  The results clearly indicate the profound effect of the measuring technique on the accuracy of the test results.  Embedded electrode system with carefully chosen bar diameter is considered as the most appropriate technique for practical purposes.  DC measurements should be avoided especially in relatively high resistance media and there are doubts of possible error due to concentration polarization interference.  AC method with a frequency above 50 Hz preferably 10 kHz is recommended for laboratory and possibly for in situ measurements.  (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E106702.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Nov 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/670046</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RESEARCH ON THE THEORY OF ECONOMY POTENTIAL ENERGY ALONG TRANSPORTATION ARTERY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/638484</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the theory of economy potential energy along transportation artery has been put forward. The model to estimate economy potential energy along transportation artery is established according to the theory of electromagnetic field. And an application example has been given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Feb 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/638484</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VALIDATION OF HALF-CELL POTENTIAL DATA FROM BRIDGE DECKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/468511</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The half-cell method is widely used to assess the condition of existing conrete structures. Its data can be used economically to prioritise bridges for repair, and forecast future infrastructure maintenance needs, because the amount of corrosion usually increases predictably. Standard ASTM C876 describes a data analysis guideline, which provides general principles for evaluating reinforcing steel corrosion in concrete. This paper explains why a simple comparison of half-cell potential data with this guideline may be inadequate. For example, the data may not accurately represent the corrosion state of the rebar below a bridge deck. Also the data analysis of half-cell potential measurements has become more complicated, because of advances in the repair and protection technologies applied to bridges. A recent field study in Alberta, Canada, investigated the advantages of using linear polarisation as a supplementary test to standard half-cell survey procedures. In general, it is important to supplement the half-cell test by additional corrosion rate measurements. This is illustrated by the descriptions that are included of the following extreme cases: (1) a dense repair patch in a relatively poor concrete substrate; and (2) a poor quality repair patch in relatively high quality concrete.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Dec 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/468511</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SUITABILITY OF ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING ACTIVE AND PASSIVE ZONES IN REINFORCED CONCRETE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/425756</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The ability of various electrochemical techniques to differentiate between areas of reinforcing steel (rebar) with high and low corrosion activity and to define the boundary between such areas was studied. These techniques are based on determining the corrosion potential (Ecorr), the galvanic current between an external stainless steel (SS) sensor and the bar (Ig), the apparent polarization resistance, or the polarization resistance under electric confinement conditions.  Values of Ecorr and Ig (the current flowing between a SS counter electrode (CE) and the rebars) were shown to distinguish active areas from passive ones very well when the areas were isolated electrically, but with difficulty when the areas were in electric contact.  (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Jun 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/425756</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CORROSION OF STEEL IN ALKALI ACTIVATED SLAG BINDERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/376823</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study compares the corrosion resistance of slag alkali activated mortar with that of ordinary Portland cement mortar using accelerated corrosion methods.  Methods included: a) the measurement of the passivation capacity of the environment based on the corrosion current and potential measurements; b) construction of a model of the corrosion cell which is formed at the mortar-reinforcement interface; c) gravimetric investigation of the weight loss of the steel reinforcement over a 336 day period; d) determination of the rate of carbonation and e) pH determination.  The results show that passivation of the steel occurs in the alkali activated slag concrete. This means that the reinforcement does not corrode.  The electrochemical measurements for both concretes was the same.  The weight loss test confirmed these results as there was no weight loss after 336 days.  The authors recommend that further studies be done especially long term curing tests, and the use of different alkaline activators.  For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 853281.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/376823</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>REINFORCED CONCRETE RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364680</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Half-cell potential mapping techniques have been used successfully to indicate regions where steel reinforcement is corroding unseen beneath the surface of concrete structures.  It has been proposed that a mapping of the electrical resistivity of the concrete can be used in conjunction with the potential method to assess the severity of the corrosion problem in addition to the location of corroding regions.  In this Paper, some of the advantages and drawbacks are discussed, with different methods of making measurements in situ.  Practical tests and theoretical studies were conducted to assess the accuracy and reliability of different methods of measurement.  The influence of both the ambient environmental conditions and the specimen configuration on the resistivity measurement were also investigated. Practical guidance is given to engineers in resistivity measurement techniques and in the interpretation of results.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364680</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CATHODIC PROTECTION OF CONCRETE HIGHWAY BRIDGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/355315</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents an overview of the cathodic protection of concrete highway bridges with particular reference to the work of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation.  The scope includes both bridge decks and substructure components as well as the implications of applying cathodic protection to prestressed concrete members.  Results of research studies and operational experience with cathodic protection over a fifteen year period are summarized.  The report describes the principles of cathodic protection, the materials and components which are used and protection criteria to ensure that corrosion is arrested.  The need for a monitoring system to ensure effective long-term operation is emphasized and future research activities are identified.  (A) (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Jun 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/355315</guid>
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