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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>PROPOSED METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR ATCRBS PRF ASSIGNMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69652</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A model designed to aid in selecting a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) has been developed. The model enables the analyst to select the best PRF from among those available for a particular site. This report centers on a discussion of the mechanisms of near-synchronous interference and the various remedies available. Both false-target-inducing near-synchronous replies and transponder lockout are considered. Among the considerations for reducing near-synchronous interference are pulse-repetition-period separations, distance separations between sites with like PRF's, staggered and jittered PRF's, target-detection parameter adjustments, e.g., leading- and trailing-edge thresholds, range-correlation algorithms, and receiver sidelobe suppression. Although all of the methods considered would be helpful in discriminating against near-synchronous interference, the greatest benefits are derived from maintaining at least 35 microseconds separation between pulse repetition periods for interrogator sites with overlapping service volumes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 26 Apr 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>COORDINATION AND SYNCHRONIZATION OF LORAN-C AND GPS TO UNIVERSAL COORDINATED TIME; FINAL REPT. JAN-AUG 89</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/406180</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Public Law 100-223, the Airport and Airway Safety and Capacity Act of 1987, requires an analysis and report to Congress on the impact to current users of synchronizing loran-C secondary stations to within 100 nanoseconds (ns) of Universal Coordinated Time (UTC), and the methods and impact of coordinating the time references of the loran-C and GPS systems to within 30 ns of each other. This report provides the analysis required by the law. The impact on repeatable accuracy of the five loran-C chains covering the United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii) is analyzed using the Double Range Difference (DRD) model. The model is modified to predict system repeatability in the UTC synchronized environment, when the control strategy excludes use of a System Area Monitor (SAM). Charts showing the loran system repeatable accuracy under SAM control, and under control regimes synchronizing master and secondary stations to within 0 ns (perfect time-of-emission control), 30 ns (1o), and 100 ns (1o) of UTC are shown.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>INTEGRATION OF COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMS FOR CENTRALIZED TRAFFIC CONTROL. IN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IVTH WORLD CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ROAD SAFETY ORGANIZATION, TOKYO, JAPAN, JUNE 5-7, 1990</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/367335</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Italy research on the integration of computerised systems for centralized traffic control is being carried out in two major ways: (1) traffic control systems; and (2) automated management systems.  Some of this work is briefly described. The french title of this paper is 'Integration de systemes informatises pour un controle centralise de la circulation'. the german title of this paper is 'Integrierung informatisierter systeme zur zeutralen verkehrsstuerung'. For the covering abstract of some of the papers see IRRD 837529. (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THE FAA CONCEPT FOR A BEACON COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (BCAS). VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/75431</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A unique airborne aircraft collision avoidance system concept is presented which assures safe separation from the largest possible percentage of potential collision threats. The concept is designed to operate in all airspace as a compatible backup to the present and evolving ATC system, and to be acceptable to the pilot and the user community. The system concept capitalizes on the aviation community's large existing investment in ATCRBS transponders and on the ground based beacon surveillance system network for the basic sources of the collision avoidance information. The report is contained in three volumes; an Executive Summary (I), Concept Description (II) and Appendices (III). (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THE FAA CONCEPT FOR A BEACON COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (BCAS). VOLUME II. CONCEPT DESCRIPTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/77795</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A unique airborne aircraft collision avoidance system concept is presented which assures adequate separation from the largest possible percentage of potential collision threats. The concept operates in all airspace as a compatible backup to the present and evolving ATC system, and is acceptable to the pilot and the user community. The system concept capitalizes on the aviation community's large existing investment in ATCRBS transponders and on the ground based beacon surveillance system network for the basic sources of the collision avoidance information.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/77795</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE SINGLE-SITE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (SS-CAS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SS-CAS is a unique beacon collision avoidance system which works in conjunction with the current and next generation air traffic control surveillance systems (ATCRBS and DABS). In its passive mode, SS-CAS provides three dimensional position of both user and target aircraft using beacon replies from only one ground-based DABS or ATCRBS interrogator. Full collision avoidance service is provided in both the all-ATCRBS environment of today, the all-DABS environment of tomorrow, and the intervening transition period. The ground and airborne equipments required are add-ons to the ground beacon and the airborne DABS units. A two-way data link separate from, but compatible in format with, the DABS data link provides the SS-CAS-Equipped aircraft with important site data. A tracker capable of reading reliable tracks through ATCRBS synchronous garble is employed. DABS replies arrive gargle-free at the SS-CAS aircraft and are simple to track. An active mode and multi-site usage capability are available for performance enhancement in identified special situations. This report fully describes the SS-CAS concept as it functions in the all-ATCRBS, all-DABS and transition environments. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>SYNCHRONIZATION STATION LOCATION STUDY. SUMMARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/47594</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A technology for evaluating ground station sites on the basis of their effectiveness in disseminating time synchronization has been produced. Analytical studies have complemented the concept of computer modeling of the airspace population, then quantitatively assessing the effectiveness of various configurations and deployment of time disseminating equipments. A unique feature is the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of ground based master stations with and without aircraft hierarchal time synchronization relay. These techniques were applied in making trade-off evaluations of the overall synchronization effectiveness of various levels of airborne vs. ground-based hierarchal time relaying equipage. It is shown that the number of ground-based master stations required to supply a desired level of synchronization coverage to all aircraft (hierarchal and nonhierarchal), increases rapidly as the number of hierarchal aircraft is diminished. Computational capabilities developed during this study include the ability to model total CONUS aircraft population activity as a three-dimensional time variant and to model scheduled aircarrier operations. For a given day and time-of-day, the altitude, latitude and longitude of each aircarrier aircraft is computed. Then, air-to-air and air-to-ground communication linkages are determined. The effectiveness of all potential sites for ground based equipments can be determined and quantitatively compared. These computational and analytic capabilities are directly applicable to assessing the effectiveness and deployment of other ground-based ATC equipments such as surveillance radar, VOR's and TACAN and ATC service demand problems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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