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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM VOLUME 17-TASKS STATUS AND CONTINUATION RECOMMENDATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/268127</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report volume summarizes the accomplishments made by the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) Program under a grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration to the University of Notre Dame.  The CWTT Program is a project to improve transit operations during severe cold, ice and snow environments.  This summary covers the work accomplished from September 1983 through December 1984. A complete list of the 17 Volume report produced by the CWTT Program is given in the preface of this report. Volume 17 discusses follow through activities during the winter of 1983-4 and research during the year 1984.  The topics covered in this report scan the activities of the original proposed work and work not presented in another of the 17 Volumes of this report.  Research work is presented in complete form where full papers were completed.  A review of the status of installations still in place and under the supervision of the transit authorities is included in Section 3.0.  Section 4.0 presents recommendations for continued work and Section 5.0 presents a listing of reports and papers published during the course of the project and the results of which are contained in the two phase report volume sets (26 Volumes).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:34:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/268127</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 4. INVESTIGATION OF RAIL HEATER RELIABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/200621</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report documents the results of the investigation into the reliability of present railroad switch and third rail heaters used in deicing and show removal applications.  Phase 4, this report, was directed to operational testing of new heaters to replicate typical failures for examination and analysis to determine the cause and establish correlation with the failed heater failure analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Aug 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/200621</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>URBAN RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM RHEIN (RHINE)-RUHR, WEST GERMANY. INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT FOR PUTTING INTO OPERATION THE LINE SEGMENT BOCHUM MAIN STATION-DORTMUND MAIN STATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/204183</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In September 1983 the S-Bahn traffic has been inaugurated on the line s 1 with a length of 22 km between Bochum main station and Dortmund main station.  Due to reconstructions extensive work at the electric installations had to be carried through.  A description is given of the electric installations like switching stations, substations, overhead contact system and points heating.  The 50-Hz-installations comprise the power supply including emergency power plants and lighting.  Further work will follow due to the extension of the lines s 2 and s 4 untile autumn 1987.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Aug 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/204183</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 7: TRACK SWITCH DEICING SYSTEM RESEARCH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/198595</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is one of a series of reports associated with the U.S. Department of Transportation Urban Mass Transportation Administration's (UMTA) Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) Program that aims to develop new and more effective solutions for cold weather problems experienced by urban mass transportation systems.  This report documents the research and testing of existing and newly emerging railway track switch deicing systems to determine their performance and economic characteristics. This investigative research of deicing systems used by railroads and rail transit systems was undertaken in 3 phases.  Phases 1 did a literature search/survey of North American railroads and rail transit systems, European railroads and rail transit systems, and switch heater element and system suppliers in order to understand and define the track switch operational problems (PB 83-219527).  Phase 2 and the bulk of this research task evaluated the performance and energy requirements for electrically powered switch heating systems.  Phase 3 initiated a comparative evaluation of a high performance versus a low energy switch heater system installed at a northern railroad site (Niles, Michigan).  This report states that the results indicate that current railway track switch heater systems that use mineral insulated (MI) tubular heating elements are able to provide the necessary performance to insure continued switch operations under severe cold weather conditions, and it recommends continuing switch deicing research in such areas as low energy switch heating systems, ice and snow detections systems, etc.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/198595</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>BALANCING METHOD FOR THREE-PHASE POWER SYSTEM SUPPLYING SINGLE-PHASE LOAD BY MEANS OF SCALENE SCOTT-CONNECTED TRANSFORMER ASSEMBLY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/172529</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Methods have been examined for eliminating unbalanced currents in a three-phase power system supplying a single-phase load such as heating installations for snow melting or rolling stock layover.  A scalene Scott-connected transformer requires the least total capacity of reactor and capacitor; experiments confirmed this using small-scale transformers.  This method is expected to be applied to the new Shinkansen lines for rolling stock depots where load fluctuations are relatively small.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/172529</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONTROL OF ELECTROTECHNICAL POINTS HEATING DEVICES IN RELATION TO WEATHER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167120</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An explication is given of the basic structures of the electrical equipment used to heat points and details of developments in this field.  Emphasis is placed on manual controls, temperature-related controls and controls based on temperature and weather conditions.  Detailed information on the last of these three types is included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167120</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SECONDARY CONSUMERS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY IN THE OPERATION OF THE WEST GERMAN RAILROAD SYSTEM. TRAIN-HEATING EQUIPMENT AND POINTS HEATING INSTALLATIONS -- 1, 2</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/161015</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Electric train pre-heating equipment and points heating installations within the operational field of the West German Railroad System are not only remarkable with regard to the power supply, but also impose versatile requirements on the designer with regard to the local operation and maintenance.  The requirements of the operation for automatically working installations and an almost maintenance-free technique have led to corresponding developments in this field during the past ten years. Therefore the modern installations are not only highly reliable in service, but they require also for their operation only a small staff and can be economically maintained due to their uniform and simple structure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/161015</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIELD TRIAL OF PROTOTYPE "CYCLONE SWITCH HEATER" ON CP RAIL SWITCH AT STURGEON FALLS, ONTARIO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/157034</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Points operating is made difficult by snow and ice in winter, with resulting breakdowns.  The Cyclone switch heater, which supplied heated air to critical areas, has been subjected to 5 years of experimentation.  This report describes the results of the test at Sturgeon Falls, Ontario (CN), analyses problems encountered and proposes appropriate solutions.  This prototype has proved on the whole to offer adequate protection.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/157034</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HEATING POINTS. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SAFETY OF RAIL TRAFFIC IN ICE AND SNOW CONDITIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153429</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Jun 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153429</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INDUCTION HEATING OF RAILWAY SWITCHES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/91765</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new 50 Hz method of inductive heating of railway switches to remove snow and ice has been worked out and is presented in this paper.  The method consists in direct electric heating of the rails of a switch or a turnout.  It has many technical advantages and is economically profitable.  When removing snow from the turnouts by this method the electric energy consumption is by ca. 35% smaller than with the traditional resistance method.  The production costs of the inductive heaters are smaller than those of resistance heaters, and their durability is practically infinite, thus reducing considerably the maintenance costs of this method of thawing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Aug 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/91765</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROTECTION METHODS FOR RAILWAY SWITCHES IN SNOW CONDITIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/86434</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Research and Development programs conducted on several different methods of overcoming the problem of railway switches failing in the presence of snow and ice are outlined.  The most common method at present is the application of heat by the combustion of fossil fuel.  By the application of forced convection heat transfer switch protection under reasonably severe environmental conditions is possible.  A novel combustion heater based on the valveless pulse jet engine has been applied to railway switches.  A non-thermal method employing a horizontal air curtain has been developed to prevent the deposit of snow in critical areas.  Two switches have been designed and developed for field evaluation.  Both switches are capable of operation in snow and ice conditions. /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Jun 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/86434</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CLEANING OF SNOW AND ICE FROM SWITCHES WITH STATIONARY DEVICES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/77479</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book, based on a summarization of both domestic and foreign experience, presents recommendations for selection of efficient types of designs of stationary devices for cleaning snow and ice from switches.  The book is designed for engineering and technical workers; railroad track, signaling and communication, and electrification and power departments; railroad stations; and planning organizations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 03 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/77479</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ELECTRIC ENERGY SAVING IN THE USE OF POINT HEATER RACKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/73906</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Temperatures between 2 and 6 degrees C are sufficient to keep points clear of snow and ice.  Point heating at a temperature between these values is made possible by a temperature-sensor fitted directly on the web of the stock rail.  The heating process varies upward or downward depending on the general temperature.  The rail temperature is measured by means of a temperature monitor, thereby making it possible to maintain point heating within given limits under light snow conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Jul 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/73906</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE ELECTRIC POWER INSTALLATIONS IN MASCHEN MARSHALLING YARD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/73263</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Description of the electric power installations in the new marshalling yard at Maschen: power for tractive current in the overhead lines, electricity for lighting the sets of sidings, heating the points and supplying the remote control installations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 May 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/73263</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RAILWAY SWITCH PROTECTION BY A HIGH VELOCITY AIR CURTAIN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/53202</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The background leading to the development of the "Horizontal Air Curtain Switch Protector" is outlined.  A comparison of the energy necessary to protect a switch from snowfall and that required to melt and/or vaporize snow with a switch heater is discussed.  The laboratory tests and the field tests on the first experimental air curtain in Ottawa and Montreal were sufficiently encouraging to extend the field tests.  Following the second winter of field trials a more advanced design air curtain protector was installed in the CN Montreal classification yard.  At the conclusion of the third winter of tests a decision was made by the CN to install ten units across the system for a more extensive evaluation of this switch protection system under different climatic conditions.  The results from the field tests during the winter of 1975-76 are presented and some changes proposed as a result of this experience are outlined.  This protection method offers economic advantages in terms of capital cost, energy operating cost and maintenance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Aug 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/53202</guid>
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