<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Carbon sinks under carbon trading system: Timing of plant tissue culture technique sharing and optimal mode selection for a manufacturer</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2605019</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the development of modern agriculture, the plant tissue culture (PTC) technique has been applied by more and more manufacturers. We in this work consider an agricultural supply chain consisting of two manufacturers where one is a regular manufacturer and the other is a manufacturer that owns the plant tissue culture (PTC) technique (PTC manufacturer). The latter may share this technique with the former in either revenue-sharing or pre-product selling modes. The main research questions of this paper are to analyze whether to introduce the PTC technique, and the selection of revenue-sharing mode and pre-product selling mode. First, in the revenue-sharing mode, the optimal profit of the regular manufacturer adopting this technique always increases while the optimal profit of the PTC manufacturer increases (decreases) after sharing this technique at the low (high) unit carbon absorption. In the pre-product selling mode, the regular manufacturer’s optimal profit decreases (increases) after adopting this technique at the low (high) PTC quantity power, while the PTC manufacturer’s optimal profit always increases after sharing this technique. Second, at the low revenue-sharing rate, the optimal profit of the regular (PTC) manufacturer is lower (higher) in the pre-product selling mode than in the revenue-sharing mode. Nevertheless, we interestingly discover that at the high revenue-sharing rate, the optimal profit of the regular manufacturer is higher (lower) in the pre-product selling mode than in the revenue-sharing mode at low (high) unit carbon absorption. In contrast, for the PTC manufacturer, the opposite result holds. In addition, we make several extensions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:02:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2605019</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tracing the path to green skies: a century of air traffic management development</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720299</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aviation industry's journey toward sustainability increasingly depends on how air traffic is organised, governed, and digitally transformed. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of air traffic management (ATM) through the lens of environmental performance and innovation strategy, namely the development of communication, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) systems and examines how digital transformation initiatives are redefining efficiency and safety, within environmental sustainability. Using a comparative and integrative approach, the study identifies strategic enablers and bottlenecks in the transition to a network-centric, data-driven 'green ATM'. These include challenges in data interoperability, cybersecurity, and cross-border regulatory alignment. The paper proposes a conceptual framework defining green ATM as a coordinated, global system-of-systems that leverages digital intelligence, policy harmonisation, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to achieve climate-neutral aviation. It concludes that the next competitive advantage in aviation will emerge not from fleet renewal alone but from managerial and policy innovations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:02:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720299</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydrogen standards and aviation sustainability: a gap analysis of ISO, SAE and ASTM documentation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720296</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aviation industry aims to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, but widespread adoption of hydrogen propulsion is limited by the lack of aviation-specific standards and certification processes. Although numerous hydrogen standards exist, their suitability for aviation safety, certification, and sustainability has not been fully assessed. This study systematically reviews 24 international hydrogen standards and regulations, evaluating their applicability across seven aviation lifecycle stages: fuel quality, storage, fuelling infrastructure, certification, aircraft operation, continuing airworthiness, and end-of-life management. Findings show that most standards focus on early stages, with around 70% coverage for fuel production and quality and 60% for fuelling infrastructure. A key gap is the absence of a dedicated qualification process for hydrogen aviation fuel. Most existing standards originate from road and industrial sectors and require adaptation for aviation. This research provides a comprehensive lifecycle mapping of hydrogen standards for aviation and identifies priority areas for future standardisation efforts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:02:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720296</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-Stage Geospatial Framework for Sustainable Urban Green Logistics Center Site Selection Optimization</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2753233</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study develops a sustainability-oriented approach for identifying suitable sites and designing networks of urban green logistics centers (UGLCs). The proposed method integrates a multi-stage geospatial optimization framework that combines Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM), and Social Network Analysis (SNA).The first step is to examine the spatial suitability of the site according to seven geographical parameters, such as climate conditions, transit access, and environmental constraints, to select feasible locations. The second phase is to examine the economic, social, technological and environmental factors and then apply sophisticated MCDM approaches to rank the choices and decide the areas to be prioritized. The third phase employs an updated gravity model and SNA to estimate interaction intensity and network structure to facilitate synchronized development. In a case study from a large metropolitan region, 10 prospective sites were identified, with one district ranked highest and two other districts ranked second. Sensitivity analysis and comparison evaluations validate the robustness and reliability of the model. The suggested paradigm provides practical insights to policymakers to construct efficient, low-carbon urban logistics infrastructure and contributes to the attainment of long-term sustainability development goals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:02:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2753233</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Synthesis of Bio-binder from Used Cooking Oil to Produce Paving Mixtures with 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2753198</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study developed and assessed the synthesis of a bio-binder (BB) from used cooking oil (UCO) that was polymerized with maleic anhydride (MA). Then, the BB was used to blend with 100% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to produce paving mixtures for road applications. The BB was synthesized under various reaction temperatures and durations, and its rheological properties were monitored through the rotational viscosity test at 135 °C and 165 °C. Results indicated that both reaction time and temperature significantly influence viscosity, which should be monitored regularly during the reaction. The BB at 1.5% and 2.0% by weight of RAP was used to produce 100% RAP mixtures. Performance of these mixtures used as paving materials was evaluated for fracture cracking resistance, moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, beam stiffness, beam fatigue life, and mechanistic analysis. They were also compared with 100% RAP with 0.75% untreated UCO and two conventional asphalt mixtures. All evaluated mixtures exhibited rut depths well below the 12.5-mm failure criterion after 25,000 wheel passes. The 100% RAP mixture with 2.0% BB had superior moisture resistance with a tensile strength ratio (TSR) of 96.0%, compared with the TSR of 66.4% for the 100% RAP mixture with untreated UCO. The 100% RAP mixture with 2.0% BB also had the best fatigue resistance among the studied mixtures based on beam fatigue test results and mechanistic analysis, which is a promising mixture for use as a binder course in the pavement structure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:02:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2753198</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Waste-to-road innovation: Performance and sustainability assessment of recycled PET-modified cold-mix asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2743146</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increasing accumulation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste has created significant environmental challenges and motivated the search for sustainable recycling strategies in pavement engineering. While recycled PET has been widely investigated in hot-mix asphalt, its application in cold-mix asphalt (CMA) remains limited because of the distinct curing mechanisms and emulsion-based binder systems involved. This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation of recycled PET-modified CMA, integrating mechanical performance evaluation, fracture characterization, microstructural analysis, and preliminary illustrative economic and environmental screening. Recycled PET particles obtained from post-consumer plastic bottles were incorporated into CMA mixtures at contents ranging from 0 to 10% by aggregate mass using the dry process. The mixtures were evaluated using Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), moisture susceptibility, Hamburg Wheel Tracking, Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) fracture testing, stress–strain analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that PET significantly enhanced the mechanical and durability performance of CMA mixtures. Marshall stability increased from 6.40 kN for the control mixture to 16.07 kN at 6% PET, while maximum ITS, tensile strength ratio, and fracture resistance were achieved at 8% PET. SEM analysis revealed a denser and more homogeneous microstructure at moderate PET contents, whereas FTIR confirmed that the PET–binder interaction was predominantly physical in nature. However, excessive PET content increased the mixture stiffness and reduced the deformability. Overall, PET contents between 6% and 8% provided an optimum balance between strength, moisture resistance, rutting resistance, and fracture performance. The findings demonstrate the potential of recycled PET as a sustainable modifier for cold-mix asphalt applications and contribute to the development of environmentally sustainable and high-performance pavement materials with improved performance. The economic and environmental screening presented is based on laboratory-scale performance indicators and simplified cost and emission factors and does not constitute a complete life-cycle assessment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 14:02:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2743146</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks as Superior Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution over Imine-Linked Counterparts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772491</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The scheme of photocatalysis of water, a way of hydrogen generation as a clean,                     high-efficiency fuel source for aircraft and long-range transport systems has                     received considerable interest. The development of the covalent organic                     framework (COF) - derived materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has                     since become a research highlight. Compared to traditional methods,                     photocatalytic hydrogen evolution systems based on COFs can provide ways of                     generating hydrogen gas without depending upon noble metal catalysts, thereby                     enhancing the sustainability and prospects of this technology for future                     aerospace energy applications.In this work, two covalent organic frameworks                     (COFs) with distinct linkages—a vinylene-linked COF A (via                     Knoevenagel condensation) and an imine-linked COF B (via                     Schiff-base reaction)—were designed and synthesized to compare their performance                     in the photocatalystic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Structural and                     electrochemical characterizations confirmed that, despite lower crystallinity                     and specific surface area due to pore blockage, COF A exhibited a                     suitable band structure for photocatalysis and achieved an HER rate of 56 μmol                         h^–1 g^–1 under simulated sunlight. In contrast, COF                         B was ineffective. This study experimentally validates the                     superior photocatalytic potential of vinylene-linked COFs over imine-linked                     counterparts for HER, highlighting their potential as non-noble-metal catalysts                     for aerospace and transport-oriented fuel generation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 15:33:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772491</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A methodology for urban bike network design using floating car data: evidence from a medium-size city</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709492</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban mobility plays a key-role in developing sustainable cities, prompting planners to promote alternatives to private cars. Among these, bikes offers significant potential. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology for designing bike networks using floating car data (FCD) and survey insights. FCD enables the estimation of origin-destination matrices, while surveys identify car trips that could shift to bikes. The approach is validated through a case study in Rovigo, a medium-size city in Northern Italy. Data from five working days, covering about 1,900 cars and 24,000 trips, allowed classification of travel patterns and demand analysis. Based on these findings, the proposed methodology achieved notable results, extending the existing bike network by approximately 28% in length. This study demonstrates the feasibility of leveraging FCD and behavioural data to support sustainable mobility planning and enhance cycling infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:31:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709492</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ex post economic evaluation of open-access competition in high-speed rail: Welfare gains, financial sustainability and policy implications from Spain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2711671</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper provides an ex post economic evaluation of the liberalisation of high-speed rail (HSR) passenger services in Spain, one of the largest open-access rail reforms implemented in Europe to date. Following the entry of multiple operators between 2020 and 2023, the Spanish HSR market experienced substantial changes in prices, demand, modal allocation and operator performance, offering a valuable setting to assess the economic consequences of competition in a capital-intensive transport network.Using a reduced-form difference-in-differences framework and corridor-level data, we document changes in fares, passenger volumes and modal shares following the introduction of open-access competition. Average fares on liberalised corridors declined by approximately 30 per cent relative to pre-liberalisation levels, accompanied by a strong expansion in demand and significant diversion from air transport on medium- and long-distance routes.The paper combines these observed price and demand changes with standard valuation parameters from the transport economics literature to conduct a comprehensive accounting of the welfare implications of the reform. The empirical analysis is embedded within a theoretical framework of vertically related markets, linking downstream price competition to upstream access pricing and infrastructure cost recovery. Consumer surplus gains and external benefits from modal shift appear to outweigh the financial losses incurred by operators and the increase in delay-related costs, suggesting positive net social welfare effects, with scenario-based estimates in the order of €360–410 million per year.The findings highlight both the potential welfare benefits and the economic trade-offs associated with open-access competition in high-speed rail. They underline the importance of infrastructure capacity management, access charging and long-run cost recovery mechanisms for ensuring the financial sustainability of liberalised rail markets. The Spanish experience provides policy-relevant insights for countries considering similar reforms in high-speed and conventional rail services.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:31:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2711671</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transit-oriented development and accessibility: A review and conceptual framework proposal</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709511</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since the concept of transit-oriented development (TOD) was first introduced in the late twentieth century, there has been a notable increase in the quantity and quality of research dedicated to transit-oriented development. However, further research is required on the role of accessibility in TOD evaluation methods and the impact of TOD on station catchment area accessibility. This research reconsiders TOD assessment methods in light of the pivotal role of accessibility in land-use and transportation planning. The results were summarized by categorizing the different types, measures, and roles of accessibility in TOD assessment methodologies, as well as their impact on the travel behavior and travel demand of TOD residents. The outcomes of this review were used to propose an accessibility-oriented TOD planning framework that considers different accessibility types and measures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:31:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709511</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Generative Design for Additive Manufacturing Inventory Pooling: An Economic and Environmental Sustainability Analysis in Aviation Spare Parts Supply Chain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709788</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The potential for artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled generative design (GD) algorithms for additive manufacturing (AM) is vast. By employing GD, parts are optimized for material efficiency, structural performance, longevity, and reduced waste, aligning with circular economy principles. This study provides a quantitative comparison of the cost and environmental impacts of conventional manufacturing (CM) and generatively designed additive manufacturing (GDAM) within the context of centralized spare-parts supply chain (SPSC) inventory pooling in the aviation industry. We analyze two scenarios and estimate the total annual and lifecycle costs of each using a cost model that integrates established inventory management models. Our sensitivity analysis shows that, assuming equal part longevity, the GDAM scenario becomes cost-competitive when the weight reduction exceeds approximately 84% of the CM part’s weight. We also discovered that part durability is a more influential driver for the GDAM scenario than lightweighting. In the GDAM scenario, we observed that when the part is 53% lighter than the CM part, if the GDAM part can also deliver a 100% increase in longevity compared to the CM part, then the result is a 24.6% cost advantage for the GDAM scenario relative to the CM scenario. Moreover, the GDAM scenario is shown to offer substantial sustainability advantages, including reductions in fuel consumption, CO₂ emissions and raw material use. These environmental benefits become increasingly evident under high weight-reduction scenarios. This paper contributes to the literature by integrating GDAM into SPSC cost analysis. We propose a cost model for GDAM utilization in a centralized SPSC pool in the airline industry and compare its cost components, using a jet-engine bracket case study, with those of a CM-based centralized SPSC pool. We also provide insights into when GDAM production-capacity pooling can be viable, particularly for non-critical-to-flight parts. These findings inform strategic decisions for supply chain managers and policymakers by quantifying the economic and environmental trade-offs associated with adopting GDAM-based inventory pooling in aviation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:31:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709788</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as innovative tools for enhancing management in maritime port operations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709320</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become indispensable for addressing operational challenges in hazardous or inaccessible environments, contributing to resilience and efficiency in the maritime port sector. This study integrates a systematic literature review of 33 academic articles with insights from semi-structured interviews with industry experts to explore UAV applications in port operations. The findings demonstrate strong alignment regarding UAVs' capacity to improve real-time monitoring and data collection for resilience-based management, particularly in infrastructure inspection and environmental sustainability. Crucially, however, the analysis reveals that contrary to narratives of full automation, industry experts view UAVs primarily as decision-support tools that enhance human situational awareness rather than as replacements for operational workflows. Furthermore, significant divergences were identified between theoretical research and implementation realities: while academia often emphasizes technical feasibility, practitioners highlight regulatory frameworks and organizational readiness as the primary barriers to adoption. By bridging these perspectives, this study provides a roadmap for port authorities and policymakers to optimize UAV utilization, emphasizing that value creation depends on integrating UAV data into existing management systems to streamline decision-making and enhance overall port performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:31:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709320</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advanced statistical methods in green logistics and economic growth research: a bibliometric analysis with a focus on MENA countries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703988</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the nexus between green logistics and economic growth, with particular emphasis on the MENA region. It examines publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science between 2000 and 2024. After defining relevant keywords and applying exclusion criteria, 85 scientific contributions were identified and analysed. The descriptive analysis reveals that benchmarking approaches, particularly those relying on composite indicators such as the green logistics performance index (GLPI) are the most adopted methods for assessing green logistics performance. To deepen the analysis, VOSviewer software was employed to generate visualisation maps based on cluster analysis of keywords as well as co-citation analysis, allowing a clearer identification of intellectual structures and thematic patterns within the field. Results highlight a pronounced geographic asymmetry in research output, alongside a notable surge in publications in recent years, reflecting the growing academic interest in this field. This dynamic is especially relevant for MENA countries, where better aligning green logistics performance with economic growth remains both a pressing challenge and a strategic opportunity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 16:32:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703988</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Urban logistics spaces in port cities: typology sustainability analysis via the case of Barranquilla, Colombia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703985</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper proposes a typology and a qualitative assessment for the sustainability and potential deployment of city logistics networks, relying on the notion of urban logistics spaces (ULS), on the basis of a case study in a port city. First, the main notions regarding ULS and their sustainability are presented, as well as the motivation of the chosen case and its context. Then, the main methodological issues are presented, which include a three stage semi-directive interview data collection process that first aims at identifying ULS types from respondents without any guide, second validated a previous ULS typology and third addresses sustainability and applicability issues for Barranquilla, Colombia. Results show that the unified typology of ULS is suitable for the considered case and thus can be transferred to other contexts and proposes a first analysis of the sustainability of ULS networks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 16:32:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703985</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mapping the interprovincial freight circulation networks and carbon emissions in China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706337</link>
      <description><![CDATA[China’s rapid economic growth has led to an intricate interprovincial freight circulation network, contributing significantly to national carbon emissions. This study uses 4,001,666 truck transaction records to develop cartogram-based and topology-based visualizations of China’s interprovincial freight circulation network and carbon emissions. The results show spatial patterns of freight flows across eight goods categories and their environmental impacts, highlighting heterogeneity in network structure and spatial inequality in emissions. Furthermore, it reveals a clear core–periphery pattern where higher connectivity and carbon burdens concentrate in developed provinces. The findings highlight key emission hotspots and dominant freight types, informing sustainable logistics planning and regional development policies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 16:32:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706337</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>