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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>THE OFFSET METHOD OF SONAR RANGING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/542</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A significantly improved concept and technique of sonar ranging was developed by the Deep Tow group of the Marine Physical Laboratory.  This OFFSET technique resolves the multiple sweep ambiguity encountered in precision sonar ranging with graphic recorders by the temporary use of a small relative change of sweep rate.  Using the OFFSET technique, high resolution and precision are maintained during the gross range measurement.  ( Author )]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/542</guid>
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      <title>UNDERWATER ARCTIC NAVIGATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/26881</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this paper is to show that an underwater navigation system can be developed that is technically and economically feasible and of high reliability for long distance under-ice operation. Recent advances in underwater navigation for cruise, exploration and search and rescue operations are considered and applied to the current interest in Arctic waters, where mineral prospecting and oil transportation are potentially important.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 May 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/26881</guid>
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      <title>SUBMARINE OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SUBSEA TRANSPORT SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/27043</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Certain operational features unique to a submarine operating environment have not been examined in the various technical papers addressing commercial nuclear powered submarine systems.  The system commonly visualized as being most economically feasible, the submarine tanker in the Arctic oil transport role, poses special problems due to the tight schedules, under ice routing, and transshipment port limitations.  This paper discusses vessel manning and training and an unusual crew rotation plan is proposed.  Submerged interference and submarine routing difficulties are identified as requiring early attention due to the internation nature of efforts to obtain solutions.  The paper considers the maneuvering characteristics of large commercial submarines and it is concluded that they will require incorporation of thrusters and the assistance of specially configured tugs in piloting and mooring situations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 Nov 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>AN ANALYSIS OF SOME CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR A NEAR-SURFACE SUBMARINE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/11103</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Based upon studies of phenomena affecting near-surface submarine control, the author has analyzed the existing method of control as well as three hypothetical systems. Though the analysis in some cases was necessarily qualitative, the final system is considered to be a plausible solution to the control problem.  It employs the advantageous qualities of the first three in a more efficient combination.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/11103</guid>
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      <title>EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE NAVIGATION OF SUBMERSIBLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/5253</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Advances in submersible navigation in the past decade are described, with emphasis on the latest equipments and techniques.  The major systems used are acoustic, due to the superior ability of acoustic energy to penetrate through water.  Actual experience in tracking a submersible, vectoring a submersible from the surface, and the 'self-contained' submersible instrumentation is also covered, and future areas of development are suggested.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Sep 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THE FEASIBILITY AND DESIGN OF NUCLEAR-POWERED SUBMARINE TANKERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2303</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report describes the technical information developed for a feasibility study of nuclear powered submarine tankers.  It also describes the steps taken in reaching the conclusions presented.  The scope of this contract as written consisted of two parts:  (1) The first part was an investigation of the size, shaft horsepower, and principal dimensions of submarines of 20,000, 30,000, and 40,000 tons deadweight: 20, 30, and 40 knots speed on trials submerged; both with and without a draft limitation of 34 feet.  This represented a parametric series of 18 vessels.  (2) The second part was a more complete feasibility study of one sample vessel to be selected by the Maritime Administration. The scope of the parametric series was later increased from 18 to 27 vessels because the vessels without draft limitations were studied with two different hull forms. These were the practical rectangular form and the hydrodynamically ideal body of revolution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 May 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2303</guid>
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      <title>SUBSEA TRANSPORT OF ARCTIC OIL--A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/8461</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The nuclear propelled submarine, as a cargo vessel for transport of Arctic crude oil, is discussed as an element of a subsea transport system.  The submarine is presented as technically feasible and the paper concludes such a subsea system to be economically competitive with other transport modes for delivery of Northern alaskan and Canadian Arctic crudes to North Atlantic and European markets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Apr 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/8461</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SIDE-LOOKING SONAR NAVIGATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1227</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A series of experiments were undertaken to develop techniques using equipment compatible with that which could be installed on submersible vehicles having limited payload capability.  These techniques allow the use of side-looking sonar to map a patch of sea floor ( about 5 sq mi ) without reliance on surface-acquired information, and with confidence that there is continuous coverage of the area. Mapping techniques cases of a continuous distribution of targets, and an essential absence of targets.  ( Author )]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Dec 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1227</guid>
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      <title>PROCEEDINGS NATIONAL MARINE NAVIGATION MEETING. MANNED DEEP SUBMERGENCE VEHICLES, JAN 20-22 1966</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/418</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Twenty papers by various authors deal with the technologies required to enable a manned submersible to reach a given spot on the oceans floor.  Major topics are--precision electromagnetic position-fixing of the surface support ships; acoustic methods and the application of these methods to navigation of surface ships, tracking of submersibles, and navigation on the bottom; experiences in navigating several deep submersibles; and acoustic position-fixing problems, accuracies, and experiences.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/418</guid>
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