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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Computationally Informed Methodologies for Capturing the Effect of Intervening Structures During Truck Impact Events: Phase II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709180</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reinforced concrete (RC) barriers are often used as railings to protect bridge piers against vehicular collision force (VCF). RC barriers absorb collision energy and/or redirect vehicles. According to bridge design specifications of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), barriers used to protect bridge piers should have a minimum height of 42 in. and survive MASH Test Level 5 (TL-5). Although many barriers in current use do not meet this requirement, these substandard barriers can reduce the severity of vehicle-pier collisions and decrease the AASHTO-specified VCF for pier resistance in upgraded bridges. The primary objective of this research was to assess the performance of sub-standard RC barriers as protection for bridge piers against VCF and quantify their reduction of the equivalent static force (ESF) that piers must resist according to AASHTO specifications. This report describes current procedures to determine the transverse static capacity of RC barriers and proposes alternative, accurate methodologies. A matrix of crash scenarios is simulated in dynamic explicit analysis using the finite element software LS-DYNA to comprehensively encapsulate the behavior of sub-standard RC barriers. The investigated parameters include energy dissipation, velocity reduction, contact force absorption, and lateral displacement. This research also utilized a simulation matrix on a bridge pier that failed to withstand the ESF under the required AASHTO’s extreme load event behind a sub-standard barrier. A series of dynamic impact force time histories was used to extract the ESF and compare the resulting ESF to the AASHTO-required force, leading to a proposed reduction in the ESF due to the presence of sub-standard RC barriers. Research results showed that AASHTO’s existing procedure to determine the transverse static capacity of RC barriers may underestimate capacity by approximately 50%. In addition, the inadequacy of sub-standard barriers to absorb and/or redirect an impacting vehicle was shown to relate to geometrical deficiency (insufficient height), meaning that sub-standard barriers can resist high-impact load demands and protect piers if the barrier is a sufficient height (i.e., 42 in. for TL-4). Sub-standard barriers may reduce the AASHTO-required ESF for bridge piers by at least 25%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 08:32:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709180</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comparative analysis of dynamic and structural responses of three floating offshore wind turbine foundations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2660835</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this paper is to propose a new floating platform for offshore wind turbine and offer its advantages and disadvantages by comparing with two other existing floating foundations in terms of hydrodynamic responses and structural strength and load-bearing capacities. This paper firstly presents experimental measurements of the motion responses and strain of a steel floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) platform under regular wave conditions in a water tank and also validates the numerical modelling. Then, the new circular platform and existing OC3 and OC4 platforms are all introduced. Added mass, radiation damping, RAO, and significant value of displacement are considered as variables to study their effect on the dynamic motions of the three FOWT platforms. Strength of the three FOWT platform and load-bearing capacity of center pillar and buoy are also compared to explore their mechanical performances. Finally, advantage and disadvantage of motion responses and structural strength and load-bearing capacity of the new circular design is described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 09:12:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2660835</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Data-driven seismic response prediction of concrete bridges based on neural network intelligent mapping model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652215</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traditional methods for predicting seismic responses of bridges rely on empirical equations and numerical simulations, encountering bottlenecks such as low modeling efficiency and high computational costs when dealing with complex nonlinear behaviors. This paper proposes a data-driven prediction framework for seismic responses of concrete bridges based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)/Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural networks, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods in temporal feature extraction and high-dimensional nonlinear mapping. A refined bridge numerical model is constructed using OpenSees, and seismic ground motion records are selected considering the site-specific characteristics of the bridge location. Multi-dimensional seismic input is generated through wave truncation and amplitude adjustment, and a multi-dimensional dataset covering main beam displacement, bearing shear deformation, and pier response is established by conducting nonlinear time-history analysis. After verifying the universality of the prediction framework based on the BWBN model, a dual-neural-network prediction model is established to achieve end-to-end mapping from seismic ground motion sequences to structural response sequences. Model validation indicates that the predicted samples’ correlation coefficients are concentrated in the high-correlation range of 0.9-1.0, with a mean determination coefficient exceeding 0.95, confirming the reliability of the method. A systematic comparison using a multi-dimensional evaluation system (including root-mean-square error, cumulative energy loss distribution, and probability density of correlation coefficients) reveals that GRU, with its simplified gating mechanism, shows a significant advantage in predicting beam end displacement (mean R2 increased by 7%), while the performance of the two models converges in predicting low-frequency pier responses (both mean R2 reaching 0.97). This framework enhances the efficiency of seismic response prediction by two orders of magnitude, providing a high-precision and high-efficiency intelligent tool for bridge seismic performance assessment, and supporting decision-making for engineering resilience enhancement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2026 11:00:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652215</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Structural mechanics simulation and power generation characteristics analysis of pavement photovoltaic module</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643776</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the structural mechanics simulation analysis and power generation performance evaluation of pavement photovoltaic (PV) modules are discussed. The finite element simulation model is built with ANSYS software, and the force analysis is carried out. Three kinds of transparent plate materials and three kinds of base materials are carefully selected, and the combination of these materials is tested comprehensively through full factorial design. A predetermined external force is applied to the models of different material combinations, and several key mechanical parameters of the models are observed. Based on this, a pavement PV module unit is fabricated, and its power generation performance is thoroughly evaluated. The results show that the unit structure not only possesses stable power generation capacity but also exhibits good power generation efficiency. Furthermore, the study also shows that the impact of centralised shading on power generation efficiency is more significant than that of decentralised shading, which provides an important reference for the layout optimisation of pavement PV modules in practical applications. Finally, this study provides a valuable reference for material selection, structural design and power generation performance evaluation of pavement PV modules, which can promote the further development and application of pavement PV technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 08:41:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643776</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-criteria structural optimization of a hood inner structure using machine learning technique</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2563906</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article presents an efficient multi-criteria structural optimization process based on machine learning for shape and size optimization of the hood inner. For this purpose, a low dimensional parameterization based on two-dimensional mapping and dimensionality reduction is used to decrease the number of design variables. There are many design parameters to be considered for designing this structure. In this study, the effect of three important criteria consisting of head injury, eigenfrequency, and static load were analyzed. A full vehicle finite element model is prepared for a newly developed product because head injury analysis requires a full vehicle model due to contact with the inner components of the engine compartment. Then, an experimental study is performed based on the real test scenario for model verification. A new rating method for analyzing the head injury criteria evaluated in different points is proposed and different machine learning techniques are compared in the approximation of the objective function. Finally, the problem is solved as both single and multi-objective optimization problems. Results present considerable improvement in accuracy and efficiency in the identified structure while the method has a low computational cost and the implementation is not difficult.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 08:44:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2563906</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Inspection, experiment, and stochastic analysis on geometric stability, material deterioration, and structural performance of 50-year-old reinforced concrete beams: Case study of the Jialing River Bridge in an inland warm region</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618171</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Assessing the long-term structural performance of aged reinforced concrete (RC) beams is critical for ensuring the safety of aging infrastructure. However, a research gap persists: scarce field-measured data on 50-year-old naturally aged in-service RC beams in inland China, paired with insufficient integrated uncertainty quantification based on performance-oriented models. To address this, this study investigates 50-year-old RC beams retrieved from the demolished Jialing River Bridge (Chongqing, China), provides valuable empirical data, and adopts a three-stage assessment framework: first, at the demolition site, discarded RC beams were selected for destructive disassembly inspection, including appearance dimensional measurements, sampling for concrete/steel reinforcement mechanical property tests, carbonation depth testing, free chloride ion concentration testing, and steel reinforcement mass loss rate testing; second, in the structural laboratory, four-point bending tests were conducted on field-retrieved RC beams to measure load–displacement curves and obtain yield moments as well as ultimate moments; third, the measured geometric/material parameters and their stochastic properties (after 50 years of service) were input into a finite element model (FEM), and the Monte Carlo simulation was applied to analyze uncertainty in the flexural behavior of RC beams. Key findings indicate that, under the subtropical humid monsoon climate of Chongqing (inland warm region of China), the beams exhibit negligible material degradation and maintain satisfactory serviceability and load-bearing capacity after 50 years of service; significant uncertainties exist in appearance, material properties, and steel reinforcement corrosion—leading to structural behavior variability, which is effectively quantified by probabilistic analysis via statistical distributions and confidence intervals to support rational reliability evaluation; despite overall mild steel reinforcement corrosion, its dispersion is high, with local severe corrosion likely to impair load-bearing capacity; additionally, concrete carbonation is identified as the dominant corrosion driver for this bridge, while extremely low free chloride content rules out chloride-induced corrosion. This work delivers rare inland field data and validates an “inspection-experiment-probabilistic analysis” framework, supporting maintenance decision-making for similar aging RC infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2025 11:31:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618171</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Composite Vibration Isolation Walls on Vibrations in the Tunnel Interval Area of Suburban Railways</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2595147</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Installing vibration isolation walls on both sides of adjacent tunnels in suburban railways can sometimes worsen vibrations between the walls and the source of the vibrations. This study investigates how composite vibration isolation walls affect these vibrations. First, a detailed numerical model of the train-wheel interaction was developed and applied to a 3D track-soil system model, verified for accuracy. The study then explored how single-material vibration walls of different thicknesses amplify vibrations between the walls and the vibration source. It also examined how composite wall material composition and placement affect vibrations in this area. The results showed that using composite vibration walls instead of single-material walls (like EPS) reduced the increase in vibration acceleration and speed at measurement points above the two tunnels. The lowest amplification of peak acceleration at all points (except directly above the tunnel) occurred when C20 concrete was placed closer to the vibration source. For peak velocity, the lowest amplification was found in the central 20-m-wide area between the tunnels when the EPS material was closer to the vibration source. The least amplification of velocity at points directly above the tunnel occurred when C20 concrete was closer to the vibration source. In terms of frequency, choosing the right material ratio for composite vibration walls is essential, as an improper choice can increase the amplification effects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2025 09:16:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2595147</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Prediction of propeller loads and structural response induced by ice-propeller milling in a mixed ice-water environment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2599092</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A fully coupled numerical model is developed to predict propeller loads and structural responses under ice–water mixed environment, using the Structured Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (S-ALE) method and cohesive elements. The model integrates fluid dynamics, ice fracture, and structural deformation, enabling high-fidelity simulation of propeller-ice interaction issues. Validation against experimental data shows excellent agreement, with a 0.3 % deviation in blade passing frequency and a signal-to-noise ratio of 33 dB. Results indicate that the blade root endures sustained high stress, while the tip undergoes periodic impacts and localized plastic strain. Increasing cutting depth and ice velocity lead to more severe ice failure, higher thrust, and expanded high-stress zones. Under extreme conditions, ice-induced loads exceed hydrodynamic loads by over 2.5 times. Energy analysis reveals that sliding interface energy dominates dissipation mechanisms as severity increases. This study provides a validated and efficient approach for simulating complex ice–water–propeller interactions, offering insights into structural design optimization and fatigue resistance for ice-class propellers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2025 15:31:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2599092</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Using Statistical Analysis to Assess the Default Structural Properties of Alabama Department of Transportation Base and Subgrade Materials Used for Flexible Pavement Design</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582196</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Structural properties of materials are important during flexible pavement design since they represent the capacity to withstand traffic loads. It is essential to regularly update the structural inputs for design to achieve optimum pavement designs. Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT) updated the structural inputs for hot-mix-asphalt in 2009, but not yet those for base and subgrade materials. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate and update the materials’ structural inputs used by ALDOT for: 1) aggregate base (limestone and sandstone), 2) stabilized base (full-depth reclamation with cement [FDR-C]) and soil-cement [S-C]), and 3) subgrade. For that purpose, numerous laboratory and field-testing results for those materials were used to obtain resilient modulus (MR) and structural coefficients, which were compared with ALDOT default values using statistical analysis methods. For aggregate base, the MR of limestone was statistically greater while the MR of sandstone was statistically lower than the default design values. For stabilized aggregate base, the MR of FDR-C and S-C were statistically lower than the default values when using 7-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and statistically greater when using 28-day UCS. The use of 28-day UCS in existing correlation equations to obtain structural properties of FDR-C and S-C was shown to provide more realistic values and, therefore, is recommended for design purposes. The practical difference between the new base materials properties and the default design values was also evaluated through a case study. For subgrade, new recommended MR values were provided for all soil types.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jul 2025 13:55:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582196</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A novel framework for fatigue hotspot localization and damage assessment of multi-defect marine structures under random vibration</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2495736</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In ocean engineering, assessing vibration-induced fatigue under random loads is critical, particularly for ocean structures with multiple defects, as fatigue is highly sensitive to local structural flaws. Recently, incorporating structural dynamic characteristics into vibration fatigue assessments has emerged as a significant trend and formidable challenge, involving three key obstacles: precise localization of fatigue hotspots, extraction of key modes, and determination and integration of modal damage contributions. This paper introduces a novel framework for fatigue hotspot localization and damage assessment in the context of random vibration fatigue in ocean structures. By initially identifying fatigue hotspots and hot regions using stress mode shapes, refining the finite element mesh in hot regions, and conducting reanalysis, the exact locations of fatigue hotspots can be determined, enabling structural dimensionality reduction. The introduction of a modal damage contribution factor allows for the evaluation of each mode's damage contribution and the identification of key modes, further facilitating modal reduction. For the precisely localized fatigue hotspots, the proposed method combines the damage contributions of key modes, enabling rapid and accurate assessment of fatigue damage under random vibration loads. Finite element case studies and vibration fatigue test results demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively addresses the challenges of random vibration fatigue evaluation, achieving structural and modal reduction while significantly enhancing the efficiency of damage assessment without compromising accuracy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2025 17:03:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2495736</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A unified FSI framework for modeling liquid sloshing and baffle suppression in the elastic tank</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2522432</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The dynamic and highly nonlinear nature of liquid sloshing in liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks necessitates accurate numerical modeling to ensure structural integrity and operational safety during maritime transport. However, existing studies often overlook detailed stress and strain distributions within tank walls, which limits the assessment of structural reliability. Additionally, traditional fluid–structure interaction (FSI) approaches typically adopt separate solvers for fluid dynamics and structural mechanics, leading to data transfer errors and interpolation inaccuracies. To address these challenges, this study employs a unified smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) framework for simulating liquid sloshing and its interaction with elastic tank structures. The effects of single- and multi-resolution schemes, as well as single- and multi-phase formulations, are systematically analyzed to assess their influence on numerical accuracy and computational efficiency, through validation against experimental data. The results demonstrate the reliable precision of the proposed multi-phase and multi-physics FSI model in predicting free-surface elevation, pressure distribution, and structural deformation. Furthermore, the study explores the effectiveness of various baffle configurations in mitigating sloshing-induced forces and structural deformations, providing insights into their role in mitigating hydrodynamic loads on tank structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2025 16:58:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2522432</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Structural behavior of engineered cementitious composite substrate slab overlays for bridge deck and pavement applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487097</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) represent a significant advancement in construction materials, especially for overlay applications on bridge decks and pavements. Unlike traditional concrete, ECC exhibits exceptional ductility and tensile strength, effectively mitigating its brittleness. This distinctive characteristic enables ECC to endure increased levels of loading, cracking, and deformation without experiencing catastrophic failure. This study examined the behavior of existing substrate concrete slab (SCS) with different percentages of mineral admixtures (MA's) blended ECC overlays for bridge deck and pavement applications. A total of twenty-one types of ECC mixtures were developed with three different MA's: ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), bagasse ash (BA), and rice husk ash (RHA). Additionally, the abrasion resistance, bonding, and mechanical properties of each mixture, as well as the behavior of SCS without overlay, were investigated to further understand the suitability of ECC for overlay applications. The results showed that ECC with MA's enhanced the structural behavior of SCS, improving bonding and mechanical properties. The ultimate load carrying capacity of ECC with 40 % GGBS, 10 % BA, and 10 % RHA achieved 228 kN, 212 kN, and 176 kN, respectively, which are almost 125 times higher than that of SCS without overlay. This study holds promise for improving the understanding of the behaviors of SCS with different ECC overlays for bridge deck and pavement applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 06 Mar 2025 09:23:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487097</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multi-directional broadband vibration control of marine pipe systems using mistuned cyclic symmetric structure as dynamic vibration absorbers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2488507</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Marine pipe vibration has characteristics of multi-directional and broadband, posing significant challenges for vibration control. To address this, a mistuned cyclic symmetric structure (MCSS) is proposed as dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs), which integrates numerous resonant units within a limited space, providing extensive frequency regulation capabilities. The MCSS is simplified to discrete, circularly arranged spring-oscillators, and its mechanical impedance is derived. Influence parameters of the impedance are analyzed, and regulation strategies are proposed. Then, a short pipe test bench is established for an impact hammer test, and the frequency response function (FRF) of the pipe is measured. By introducing appropriate mistuning parameters, the bandwidths of the resonant units are expanded and overlap with each other, resulting in a stable reduction of the FRF over a wide frequency range. Furthermore, by flexibly adjusting the oblique angles of the resonant units, the control direction of the MCSS can be quickly regulated, thereby achieving independent or collaborative control of the multi-directional vibration. Finally, several MCSSs are installed on a long pipe, and a broadband excitation test reveals that the total level of the broadband vibration can be attenuated by more than 7.0 dB within the excitation frequency band.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2025 08:55:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2488507</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Performance Based Seismic Design of Large Caissons Using Simple Methods</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2209165</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Large rectangular box Caissons are used occasionally to support bridge superstructures. This paper presents a simplified method for evaluating the seismic performance of caissons. A theoretical approach was developed, using basic principles of structural mechanics and the half-space theory, to determine the deformation capacity curve. The capacity spectrum approach was used to evaluate the performance for a specific seismic event. This simple method compared favorably to finite element (FE) methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Oct 2024 15:57:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2209165</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Longitudinal structural resilience of shield tunnel: Characterization and field application</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The longitudinal structural resilience performance of shield tunnels is an important concern given the dramatic development of underground systems and the increasing demand for maintenance work. In this paper, a new model using longitudinal relative differential settlement as the index of tunnel structural resilience performance is proposed. The resilience metric (Re) is defined as the ratio of the area integrated by the residual performance during environmental disruptions to the area integrated by the normal performance for the corresponding duration. Then, the proposed resilience analysis model is applied to a well-documented case in Shanghai, where the existing metro tunnel is disrupted by a newly constructed large-diameter shield tunnel undercrossing and subsequently repaired by soil grouting. The variations of tunnel settlement concerning construction parameters and driving distance of the shield machine are analyzed. The performance degradation characteristics of the tunnel during disruption and recovery are effectively captured. The results show that 32.3 % of the performance loss is attributed to the new tunnel undercrossing in the first 38 days. After the completion of the grouting reinforcement, the tunnel performance is improved from 0.677 to 0.868, accounting for approximately 59.1 % of the performance loss during the crossing period. Moreover, the resilience metric (Re) is calculated as 0.764, indicating a high level of resilience for the existing metro tunnel in this case. In addition, other performance indexes based on tunnel longitudinal settlement are discussed, demonstrating the good rationality and applicability of the proposed index.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Oct 2024 09:12:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431843</guid>
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