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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Accommodating versus Predicting the Behavior of Steel Structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2235365</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper will examine the differences between the as-modeled structure and the as-built structure and evaluate the assumptions made during the design process as it relates to main member and connection design. It will also explore the effects connection configuration can have on the behavior of the structure, and how connections can be configured to accommodate unanticipated or extreme loadings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 09:22:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2235365</guid>
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      <title>Quantitative Study of Damage State Correlation for Structural Components under Seismic Actions: A Bridge Pier Case Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658305</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When conducting system-level seismic risk assessments for structures, researchers are typically more concerned with the damage states (DSs) of multiple components rather than individual ones. In this context, analysis of DS correlation is particularly significant. This study investigates the correlation of DSs among different components under seismic actions from two perspectives: (1) analyzing the correlation measures used for DSs ordinal data and how these measures vary with key controlling factors; and (2) establishing the joint probability mass distributions of the DSs among different components using the copula function. Using bridge structures as an example, this study first analyzes the relationship between DS correlation, seismic capacity correlation, and engineering demand parameter (EDP) level. It then demonstrates how to generate a database of DS samples with given marginal distributions and correlation using copula function and quantitatively evaluates the effectiveness of different copula types. The analysis reveals the modeling differences at various EDP levels, with the Clayton copula and Gumbel copula achieving the best modeling performance at lower and higher EDP levels, respectively. The results provide a new analytical tool for performance-based seismic risk assessment, enabling a more accurate representation of uncertainty by explicitly modeling the complex correlation structures between structural damage states.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 09:40:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658305</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>It’s 2024: Do You Know What’s Going on under Your Sidewalk: Subgrade Column Corrosion in Mid-Rise Steel Office Buildings</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2447163</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Model building codes recognize and address the corrosive effects of de-icing salts on garages and infrastructure with various provisions for corrosion protection. The threat to non-vehicular structures is less widely recognized. Mid-century, steel-framed mid-rise commercial buildings in the Northeast, which have first-floor setbacks exposing perimeter columns to plaza de-icing salts, present a comparatively high risk of structural failure due to advanced corrosion at exterior column bases. This paper presents a case study of structural failure in one such building and identifies the relevant architectural and structural characteristics. This paper then frames the potential for similar failures through a regional examination of commercial building stock and consideration of trends in commercial development, the usage of de-icing salts, and model code development in the mid-to-late twentieth century, arguing for increased awareness and vigilance among stakeholders.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Nov 2024 09:36:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2447163</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Post-Fire Structural Investigation: A Case Study of Fire-Induced Damage Assessment and Remediation of a Steel-Frame Parking Garage</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2452884</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a case study of the post-fire structural investigation of a parking garage building that was damaged by fire during its construction. The scope of work was to assess the overall structural stability of the building, determine the extent of fire-induced damage, and develop remediation measures. The building’s gravity system consists of composite slab-on-metal-deck floors on composite steel beams and steel columns with concrete encasement as car impact protection. This paper summarizes the forensic investigation findings based on visual observations, material testing, non-destructive testing, and destructive probes. Field observations included crack mapping and spalling documentation. Material testing included petrographic testing of concrete cores. Non-destructive testing included sounding survey, rebound hammer testing, dye penetrant testing, ground-penetrating radar, and laser scan survey. The investigation revealed an extensive area of fire-induced damage of various structural elements, including concrete slab cracking, metal deck deformation, steel beam buckling, and spalling of the steel column concrete encasements and perimeter concrete parapet. Following the investigation, the authors designed remediation measures that included demolition, repair, and reconstruction of the damaged structural elements to restore the building’s original condition and structural integrity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Nov 2024 09:36:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2452884</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Outline of Design Standard and Commentary for Railway Structures (Concrete Structures)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2420176</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Design Standard and Commentary for Railway Structures (Concrete Structures) was revised in January of 2023. In this revision, in addition to reorganization of the previous design standards established mainly for each type of structure and material, the introduction of the latest verification techniques has made the design standards easier to use. The application of the revised design standards to design practice will improve railway structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Oct 2024 09:04:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2420176</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Virtual trial assembly of large steel members with bolted connections based on multiscale point cloud fusion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2419767</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ Virtual trial assembly (VTA) using 3D laser scanning as the digital carrier can overcome the shortcomings of time-consuming and costly physical preassembly. However, its application in large steel structures with bolted connections remains limited. First, this study introduces a novel approach for acquiring multiscale point cloud data of large steel members using terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) and hand-held scanner (HHS). This approach considers both the global data and the local details of the steel members. Additionally, a precise registration method based on magnetic 3D targets is proposed for multiscale point clouds, which enables the registration accuracy of multisource point clouds to reach submillimeter precision. Subsequently, a novel algorithm for feature point screening is introduced, which utilizes a dichotomous point cloud grid approach to identify and extract a significant quantity of bolt holes effectively. This approach enables fully automated and fast extraction of the point cloud on the cylindrical inner surface of the holes. Finally, the bounding box and Procrustes analysis approach are employed to perform VTA using the point cloud of the cylindrical bolt holes as the assembled features. The accuracy and feasibility of the above method are verified by a down-scale modeling experiment and project test, which provide technical support for the VTA of large steel truss structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Sep 2024 09:54:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2419767</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A Proposed Fracture Control Plan for New Bridges with Fracture Critical Members: Volume III</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2398095</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Fracture Control Plan (FCP) deals with bridges containing fracture critical members so they can hardly be classed as a "general run of bridge". Brevity, nevertheless, is desirable in any code providing the code exercises the necessary controls. The FCP as written is based primarily on the American Welding Society's AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code which contains 125 single-spaced pages in Sections 1 through 9 inclusive, including 19 single-spaced pages in the AASHTO revision of AWS D1.1. The FCP contains 140 double-spaced pages, superseding both of these specifications. Those designing and fabricating bridge members should be very familiar with AWS D1.1 and, therefore, should find it easy to work with the FCP by a direct comparison between the provisions of AWS D1.1 and the amended provisions of the FCP. The California Department of Transportation ''Standard Specifications for Welding Structural Steel January 1978", and the New York State STEEL CONSTRUCTION MANUAL, which are used by those States in lieu of AWS D1.1, cannot easily be compared with each other or with AWS D1.1 because their paragraphing is not the same as AWS D1.1.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 06 Jul 2024 17:33:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2398095</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Proposed Fracture Control Plan for New Bridges with Fracture Critical Members: Volume I</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2398094</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The following is a digest of the American Welding Society (AWS) Structural Welding Code, as amended, for fracture-critical members. With the amendments, this is far more than a welding code; it is in fact a fracture control plan encompassing design, materials specification, and inspection, as well as detailed welding requirements. As a digest, the following is not sufficient in itself; a revision of AWS D1.1 in its entirety as it applies to bridges is available for application to fracture critical members (FCMs). See Volume II.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 06 Jul 2024 17:33:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2398094</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IFCEE 2024: Drilled and Driven Foundations and Innovative and Emerging Approaches for Foundation Engineering</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2381777</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 44 peer-reviewed papers on drilled and driven foundations and innovative and emerging approaches for foundation engineering. Topics include: advances in drilled foundations; advances in driven foundations; deep foundation case histories; and emerging and innovative approaches for foundation engineering. GSP 354 will be of interest to a wide range of geoprofessionals, including engineering practitioners, geotechnologists, researchers, contractors, and equipment manufacturers and suppliers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Jun 2024 17:22:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2381777</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Metal members stiffened by bistable components for the protection of naval architectures under periodic loading</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2107914</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Naval architectures are required to simultaneously have high stiffness and high damping to bear periodic loading and suppress resonance that is possibly caused by ship self-excitation vibration. A protection approach, namely, metal members stiffened by bistable components, is proposed. This approach not only achieves high stiffness but also exhibits excellent energy dissipation compared to that of traditional approaches under periodic loading. A two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) model of a Euler beam stiffened by a bistable component is derived and characterised by two potential wells. The influence of the structural parameters and energy dissipation mechanisms of the coupled bistable-linear (CBL) beam on the laws of the potential energy wells are studied via theoretical model. In the end, a panel stiffened by optimally designed CBL beams, according to the parametric studies, effectively dissipate the dynamic energy and protect the structure by staying within the elastic range found in the finite element model (FEM).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2023 08:51:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2107914</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Forensic Engineering 2022: Elevating Forensic Engineering</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2096453</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This collection contains 122 peer-reviewed papers on a wide variety of forensic engineering subjects. Topics include: building enclosures, including roofs, façades, and foundations; infrastructure performance; natural disasters and extreme conditions; technologies for forensic investigations; forensic engineering education; construction performance and safety; analysis, design, repairs, and remediation; material performance; and professional practice in forensic engineering. This proceedings will be of interest to forensic engineering practitioners, project and construction managers, architects, researchers, and designers to advance their understanding of performance failures and state-of-the-art investigative tools and procedures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:30:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2096453</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>All-metal stiffened members with bistable components for impact protection of naval architectures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1926323</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is desirable for naval architectures to simultaneously bear high force and dissipate dynamic energy. A structural protection approach via a specifically designed all-metal stiffened member with bistable components is proposed, which not only exhibits high stiffness but also an order of magnitude increase in the structural damping compared to that of a traditional member under wave impact. As a typical module, a two-degree-of-freedom model of the Euler beam stiffened by bistable component is derived and characterized as a double-well potential, and the theoretical analysis indicates that a unique combination of this coupled bistable-linear (CBL) module’s natural vibration and the bistable components’ higher frequency oscillation caused by the potential barrier highly enhances the structural damping. The CBL modules are utilized to stiffen a representative grille structure, which effectively mitigates the slamming response within the elastic range in FEM.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 May 2022 09:40:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1926323</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Direct Design Method of Hybrid High Strength Steel Web Tapered Members</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1890628</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives of the present project are to investigate the ductility and ultimate strength of HSS hybrid web-tapered members subjected to bending and combined bending and axial compression to propose a direct design method based on slenderness. An experimentally verified numerical model will be developed and nonlinear buckling analysis will be conducted. Four (4) different high 
strength steel grades ranging from 690 to 1100 MPA will be employed to study the buckling behavior and rotation capacity of members with various local and overall slenderness ratios. A comprehensive parametric study consists of 450 models will be generated based on the most influential design variables and correlation between the parameters will be presented.
]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Nov 2021 15:05:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1890628</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Section Stress Redistribution of Concrete Composite Member Caused by Creep</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1756618</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Composite member refers to the cross section formed by two different concrete combinations or the combined cross section formed by concrete and steel combinations. In this paper, a numerical model for the analysis of stress redistribution caused by creep is established on the basis of the deformation coordination relation of composite section, which is the cause of additional stress induced by creep. The validity of the numerical simulation method is verified by quoting the additional theoretical value of internal force caused by creep of section stress redistribution based on the concrete aging creep theory in the existing literature, and the variation rule of additional internal force of section stress redistribution under different strength and age is given according to the numerical simulation method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Mar 2021 09:35:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1756618</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Subsurface damage detection and structural health monitoring using digital image correlation and topology optimization</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1761326</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Detecting subsurface defects in structural members is a challenging yet important part of condition assessment of structures. Existing methods in this regard are either based on nondestructive evaluation and testing (NDE/T), or structural health monitoring (SHM) concepts. NDE/T methods require expensive equipment usually based on wave propagation or radiation imaging. Damage detection based on SHM usually relies on global vibration response which has proven successful in informing the existence and sometimes coarse-grained location information about damage, but is fairly limited in reconstructing the 3D shape of internal damage. This paper proposes to leverage full-field response data obtained by digital image correlation (DIC) in a topology optimization framework to reconstruct the internal damage in members. In other words, this paper shows how perturbations in observable full-field surface measurements can be used as a proxy to detect unobservable internal abnormalities.An initial finite element model of the structure is first created to discretize the member into elements whose constitutive properties are treated as unknowns in the optimization problem. The goal of the optimization is to minimize the discrepancies between the observed full-field response measured experimentally using DIC, and that computed numerically using the model. To that end, an objective function is first computed as the sum of residuals by mapping both responses onto a common grid, which is then pushed to a minimum via the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) as the optimization algorithm.The framework was evaluated on a series of simulated and real-world experiments using steel coupon specimens with artificially manufactured defects. Results show that the proposed method is capable of detecting and reconstructing the location, extent, and shape of the damage with average F1-scores of 82.8% and 69.6% on simulated and real experiments, respectively. Furthermore, a detailed sensitivity analysis demonstrated the effect of various factors on the performance of the proposed approach, including different optimization starting points, defect severity, sensing density, and discretization density. Results from this study have demonstrated that the proposed method is able to successfully extract detailed internal damage information that is otherwise expensive and difficult to achieve with state-of-the-art methods and can therefore be used as a promising subsurface damage detection method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Jan 2021 09:56:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1761326</guid>
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