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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Formation of white etching layer by high-pressured shear deformation on the rail surface</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2150707</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The mechanism of White Etching Layers (WELs) formation via severe plastic deformation was examined. An experimental study was conducted, and large plastic deformation was produced by applying a combination of high-pressure and torsional straining on the rail steel material using a high-pressure torsion (HPT) system. The structure and microstructure evolution of the samples after testing were characterized and discussed. WEL was formed where the highest shear strain occurred. WELs from ex-service rail were also examined and characterized. The formation of a white layer on the pearlitic rail steel material subjected to quasi-hydrostatic pressured shearing provides strong evidence of mechanical induced WELs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Apr 2023 16:53:16 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Distributed fiber optic sensors for measuring strains of concrete, steel, and textile reinforcement: possible fields of application</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2145602</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Apr 2023 16:37:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2145602</guid>
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      <title>Sectional analysis of the flexural creep of cracked fiber reinforced concrete</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1909599</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Feb 2022 14:18:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1909599</guid>
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      <title>Durability of distributed optical fiber sensors used for SHM of Reinforced Concrete Structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899355</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents an experimental study on the durability of two commercially available optical fiber cables intended for distributed strain measurements and crack monitoring of reinforced concrete structures. The experimental program is based on accelerated aging tests performed on small concrete specimens instrumented with these two embedded optical fiber cables. Pull-out tests are carried out after three months of accelerated aging, in order to evaluate the effect of aging on the mechanical response of the cable/concrete interfaces, as this response is directly related to the strain transfer from the host material (concrete) to the optical fiber core. After three months, the cable/concrete interface of one of the two cables was found severely damaged.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:39:22 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Validation of the dynamic response of the HMA layer in an inverted pavement measured by strain foils</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1670455</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Strain in pavement caused by traffic loading is a critical driver for various distress mechanisms. In this study, strain foils (SFs) are utilized to measure longitudinal strains at the bottom of a hot mixed asphalt (HMA) layer in an indoor inverted pavement. The validity and reliability of SF-measured strain are investigated through three tests using a heavy vehicle simulator (HVS). The three tests focus on the consistency and stability of strain measured by individual SFs and various SFs installed at similar positions, as well as the consistency of strain measured by SF and an asphalt strain gauge (ASG) at different test speeds, load levels, and loading cycles in an accelerated pavement test (APT). Fast Fourier transform is utilized to filter out interference in the raw SF strain data. Filtered SF-measured strains were converted into ASG-measured strain based on effective gauge lengths. Research results show that converted SF-measured strains did not reveal a significant statistical difference compared with strains simultaneously collected by ASG under different test loads and speeds throughout the APT at 300,000 repetitions. Moreover, individual SF can provide consistent results with the coefficient of variation (CV) less than 3.3 % under different speeds and load levels, and SFs installed at similar positions showed similar average maximum strain variations (MSVs) with a maximum difference of 5.8 %. Moreover, the linear correlations between the average MSV and the test load, as well as the speed further verified the validity of SF-measured strain. It is believed that SF could be a viable alternative for strain monitoring in asphalt pavement. (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2020 17:36:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1670455</guid>
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      <title>The effect of local rebar geometry on global strain measurements in pull out tests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1709412</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Jun 2020 10:53:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1709412</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Efficiency of image correlation photogrammetry technique in measuring strain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1549517</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Sep 2018 11:53:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1549517</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effect of heavy haul train speed on insulated rail joint bar strains</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1505600</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Mar 2018 09:51:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1505600</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Instrumentation of an innovative pavement section on motorway A10</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448498</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 2017 10:56:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448498</guid>
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      <title>Key concepts in dynamic signal processing from instrumented pavement sections</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448474</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 2017 10:54:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448474</guid>
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      <title>Instrumentation of large scale direct shear test to study the progressive failure of concrete/rock interface</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1423682</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Sep 2016 14:51:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1423682</guid>
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      <title>Provsträckor med gummiasfalt: Ragn-Sells infart vid granulatanläggningen, Heljestorp</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1347577</link>
      <description><![CDATA[More than 150 000 tonnes of rubber asphalt has been manufactured between the years 2007–2013 in Sweden for paving of more than 150 km road sections. Pavement performance of four slightly different road structures constructed during the fall of 2011 is presented in this work. The test sections were instrumented with strain gauges at the bottom of bituminous layers. The objective is to evaluate and demonstrate the performance of asphalt rubber used in various pavement layers with respect to fatigue cracking. It is concluded that the asphalt rubber layers could have significant effect on fatigue cracking of pavement based on strain measurements during the first year after construction of the test road.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2015 12:05:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1347577</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The development of weighing in motion equipment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209978</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Following a brief examination of existing static methods of weighing vehicles and of the dynamics of these vehicles, the paper describes the development by overseas organisations of devices capable of weighing axles of commercial vehicles at highway speeds.  Research by the Australian Road Research Board aimed at producing a rubber capacitance type pad and a strain gauged steel plate is described.  The development of electronic measuring and recording equipment is also detailed.  Experimental results of the induced dynamic effects of three commercial vehicles are presented. Possible future development of the steel strain gauged plate is described (a).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Aug 2012 00:02:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209978</guid>
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      <title>Strains in bituminous concrete pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209839</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes carefully controlled full scale dynamic load tests on a section of bituminous concrete pavement in which surface strains were measured by wire resistance strain gauges.  Measured strains were compared with those predicted by numerical methods using elastic theory and incorporating some aspects of the real material behaviour found from beam and triaxial testing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 23:57:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209839</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Free field measurements of stresses and strains in soils</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209414</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the use of embedded soil pressure cells and strain coils to measure stresses and strains in sands.  It is shown that particular attention must be given to placement and calibration techniques in order to obtain reliable results.  The earth pressure cells have been previously described and further recommendations for calibration are given. Their use in measuring stresses beneath a road pavement is described. These measurements, extending over a period of many months, indicated the suitability of the cells in adverse conditions.  Details of the construction of the strain coils are given.  The coils, based on an overseas design, operate on a null principle by balancing the output of a pair placed within the soil mass with a reference pair mounted outside and altered in spacing by a micrometer.  The various measuring circuits are described and placement procedures in granular materials outlined. Particular attention is given to sources of error (A).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 23:46:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209414</guid>
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