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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>A novel driver-handling model based on a single-view angle for natural steering mechanisms</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2611004</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The process of steering a vehicle necessitates the acquisition of visual feedback from the dynamically evolving road layout ahead. The act of steering relies heavily on the driver's interpretation of visual cues, a fundamental aspect crucial for the ongoing development of autonomous driving technology. This paper introduces an innovative driver-handling model designed to consolidate visual information into a single-view angle, with the aim of capturing the inherent characteristics of natural steering mechanisms. The model comprises three integral modules: the first module acquires the single-view angle, the second translates this angle into the appropriate steering angle for the front wheels, and the third mitigates steering delay using a Smith predictor. Through meticulous validation conducted via Simulink/CarSim co-simulations and real-world vehicle experiments, the model demonstrates that the single-view angle reliably informs steering actions, closely aligning with the natural steering responses exhibited by a human driver. This correlation is of paramount importance, underscoring the model's potential to significantly enhance autonomous driving systems, particularly in improving path-tracking and lane-keeping capabilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Jan 2026 09:26:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2611004</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Design and Development of Rack and Pinion Steering Gear Assembly for Passenger Car Vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335004</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the overall design and development of Rack and pinion steering (RPS) gear assembly in terms of gear calculations, DVP, modeling, performance characteristics, strength analysis and physical testing. Design calculations for gear meshing included several parameters like normal module, transverse module, helix angle, no. of teeth as per steering gear ratio, pinion shaft angle etc. A complete geometry of the RPS gear assembly was developed using CAD software UG-NX as per vehicle requirements. BIW (Body in white) and its surrounding parts clearance from the RPS assembly were verified for packaging review. Performance study of the assembly includes simulation-based prediction using MSC Adams for estimation of various output parameters like free pinion Torque and its variations over rack travel, rack force required for rotating pinion, gear ratio, relation between input torque of pinion and output load to find rack efficiency. Strength tests of the assembly are done to find the areas of stress locations using FE analysis. Rubber boot clearance study with steering gear components is assessed for various tie rod envelope conditions. This paper will conclude with experimental testing and its correlation with simulation results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Mar 2024 13:38:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335004</guid>
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      <title>Analytical model to predict electro-mechanical steering gear performance based on gears mesh quality</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2232123</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the present paper, an analytical model to predict the performance of a mechanical rack and pinion steering gear is presented. One of the peculiarities of the gears used in those systems is that the rack axis cannot be fixed during the meshing to avoid jamming in the steering effort. The consequence is a need of an operational clearance that at the same time must be kept as small as possible to achieve satisfactory noise performance, avoiding gear rattle. The results will be used by gear designers to select the correct quality class of the gears, and of each individual gear parameter, that will guarantee to meet the functional performance requirements, imposed by the vehicles constructor, leading to cost reduction of gear manufacturing. Multibody simulations on reverse engineered components and experimental data collected from functional bench tests have been used to validate this study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:46:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2232123</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Fuzzy fault tree analysis for loss of ship steering ability</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2161224</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Marine accidents have devastating effects on human life, the environment, and the economy. This study investigated the root causes of accidents resulting from the loss of a ship steering ability using Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FFTA). Failure of the steering gear's hydraulic power, failure of the rudder, and failure of the steering gear's control are the three most common causes of loss of ship steering ability. Due to the difficulty in obtaining exact probabilities, the linguistic judgments of experts were used to determine the probabilities of each event's occurrence. The results showed that "steering gear hydraulic power failure" has the highest occurrence probability, followed by "rudder failure" and "steering gear control failure" in descending order. The occurrence probability of the top event, loss of steering ability, was calculated as 4.86E-02. An examination of the minimum cut set (MCS) identified "oil leaking through sealings to surrounding" as the most dangerous event. The MCS with the lowest occurrence probability was a combination of a main power supply failure and an emergency power supply failure. The findings of this study have made substantial theoretical and applied contributions to maritime safety, environmental protection, and the global economy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:09:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2161224</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Risk assessment of the Ship steering gear failures using fuzzy-Bayesian networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2134609</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Accidents caused by steering gear malfunctions, especially during port berthing maneuvers, the strait, and canal crossings, can lead to hazardous consequences on the environment and human life. This study aims to provide the risk evaluation and investigation of the root causes of the steering gear failures on board using Fuzzy Bayesian Networks. To determine the effects of root causes on steering gear failures, the Bayesian Network was built in the NETICA software. Running several scenarios on the network are ensured the investigation of how the root reasons affect the problem. Prior and conditional probabilities obtained from meetings and interviews with six different experts were used to apply Bayesian inference. Sensitivity analysis, forward propagation analysis by applying the best- and worst-case scenarios, and validation of the network were conducted. Results depicted that the functionality of the electrical and mechanical line components is essential to preventing the breakdown of the steering gear system. The most significant contributor to component-related electrical failures is loose or corroded wiring and connections, whereas hydraulic oil-sourced errors have a significant impact on equipment wear and malfunction. The probability of a steering gear accident is assessed to be 13.7% under the best-case scenario and 79.1% in the worst-case scenario.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Apr 2023 09:49:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2134609</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Quality Improvement of Power Assisted Steering Gear</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1799214</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes how Visteon PD and Mfg make efforts in order to achieve a reduction of field guarantee issues, which affect the PAS (Power Assisted Gear) performance. Based on Quality Warranty reports, a specific Engineers Team identified that external oil leakage was important enough to have effects to be notice justifying investments to develop more knowledge about how the failure process growth. After proper analyze home team took firm grip on the root causes and then propose corrective and preventive actions that in a short time could be introduced in the PAS manufacturing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Mar 2023 16:46:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1799214</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A knowledge based hierarchical reliability allocation (HIRAL) approach for shipboard systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2030585</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reliability has become a greater concern in shipboard systems due to increasing amount of technology level, system complexity, and multiple design demands. Enhancement of the shipboard system’s reliability ensures safe and continuous operation onboard a ship. To enhance the reliability of the shipboard system, it is essential to identify each individual component’s reliability. Within this scope, the onerous task of reliability allocation analysis enhances the reliability of shipboard systems through the optimization of component-based designs, construction, and operations. This study proposes a hybrid reliability allocation methodology based on a hierarchical structure with the integration of an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), data envelopment analysis (DEA), and feasibility of objectives (FOO) methods. The proposed methodology provides reliability allocation analyses for systems with any number of components. The study also examines the usefulness of the adaptation of AHP-DEA into reliability allocation analysis. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology, a case study on the steering gear system is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2022 17:11:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2030585</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design Concept and Advantages of Steer-by-Wire System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1777112</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Because of recent advances in steering control technology, steer-by-wire systems have continued to become more realistic. The principal issue for these steer-by-wire systems is considered to be promoting reliability through the construction of a design concept that can be utilized appropriately by drivers. This paper first describes the flow between the concept and system structure, and proposes a steer-by-wire system with a mechanical backup mechanism as one possibility. This paper also describes an investigation into its potential advantages using an experimental vehicle installed with the proposed system structure. The potential advantages of steer-by-wire are improved vehicle driving performance, vehicle maneuverability, and the feasibility of innovative packaging and design. In order to make improved maneuverability and design innovations compatible, it is critical to achieve steering characteristics that require little maneuvering angle. Here, a steer-by wire system has been developed with small steering angle characteristic (quick gear ratio steering characteristic) that is easy to maneuver. Based on the frequency of steering wheel corrections required by the driver, evaluations of the developed characteristics show that the maneuverability of the proposed system is improved over a system that has simple small steering angle characteristics. Simple characteristics refer to a gear ratio that is linear and does not include any integrated logic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Mar 2021 12:06:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1777112</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stone Marine to launch 'game changing' propulsion device</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1670323</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Adrian Miles, managing director of Stone Marine Propulsion, discusses the potential energy savings offered by the company's Gate Rider propulsion device.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Dec 2019 11:50:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1670323</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>New ducted propeller design offers fuel savings : the voyage data for the world's first vessel fitted with a Gate Rudder℗ʾ reveal fuel savings of up to 30 percent compared with a sister vessel, well above the 14 percent savings achieved in sea trials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1634627</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Jul 2019 11:34:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1634627</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Look Ma, no hands!</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1590118</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Active steering will be the next addition to advanced driver assistance system. Trucks can now steer themselves, but they are not ready to take over just yet.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Mar 2019 14:29:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1590118</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Steering toward lower NVH : systems-based analysis at Saint-Gobain shows how a small part can make a big difference to steering, and to overall vehicle quality</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1590002</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Mar 2019 14:25:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1590002</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Suppliers focus on weight reduction with latest design for steer axles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1484328</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sidebar: Automated steering capabilities coming soon to trucks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Oct 2017 11:42:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1484328</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The wheel deal : will the steering wheel survive the move to autonomous drive?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1414994</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jul 2016 12:16:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1414994</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Protecting your rudder from the start : coatings play central role in reducing your GHG emissions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1307622</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2014 15:24:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1307622</guid>
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