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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>STUDY ON CONTACT ROLLING FATIGUE OF RAILS. (1ST REPORT, DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SPEED RAIL TESTING MACHINE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/271063</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The high speed rail testing machine was developed to simulate the Shinkansen traffic condition in Japan, especially to contact rolling problems between rail and wheel in a laboratory.  This machine is of a unique type and principally consists of a circular rail and two wheels, which contact each other.  Test piece: actual bent rail, parent metal and welds.  Wheel: two actual wheels, easily changeable and hydraulically-operated, running in one direction.  Radial load: applied by a simple mechanism with large loading capacity using centrifugal force and oil pressure, and easily variable.  Thrust load: generated by vertical oscillation of rotor by oil pressure actuator. Driving system: a wheel driven by oil pressure motor. Brake: dc motor brake and oil pressure brake.  Pitch of rail sleeper arrangement; 580 mm.  Medium: air, fresh water and sea water.  (Edited author abstract)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 22:00:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/271063</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>INDEX OF SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS THE IMPACT OF REGULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/164338</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is an index to all publications of the Ship Structure Committee between the time of its formation in 1946 and February 28, 1958.  The index is divided into three sections.  Section I consists of three portions that contain all of the reports distributed by the Ship Structure Committee.  Part A is a listing of all Ship Structure Committee reports by serial number from 1 through 110, including other pertinent information such as authors, type of report (progress, final, special, survey, or interpretive), and date of publication.  Part B includes Ship Structure Committee reports that do not bear serial numbers.  Part C contains a listing of miscellaneous reports and papers that were not published by the Ship Structure Committee but are closely related to the Ship Structure Committee program.  Section II lists research projects together with all Ship Structure Committee reports published in connection with each project as set forth in Section I. Section III cites references to reports listed in Section I that have been reproduced in whole or in part in other technical literature.  In addition, references are given to articles that have been published as a result of Ship Structure Committee sponsored work.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 May 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/164338</guid>
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      <title>PREDICTION OF REINFORCEMENT TENSION PRODUCED BY ARCH ACTION IN RC BEAMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/487069</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, 16 reinforced concrete (RC) simple-span beams were tested statically up to failure to quantitatively investigate the arch action.  Variables included four shear-span ratios (2, 2.5, 3, and 4), two longitudinal steel ratios (1% and 2%), and the presence or absence of stirrups.  The measured longitudinal reinforcement tensions in the shear span were significantly higher than the calculated values by beam theory.  This may be attributed to the reduction of the internal moment arm length by the development of the arch action.  The measured steel tension in a shear span was resolved into two components:  one for beam action and one for arch action.  After reaching the cracking load, the ratio of steel tension from arch action to that from beam action was constant, ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 at the center of the shear span.  At ultimate load, over the entire length, the reinforcement force in the beams without web reinforcement and with shear span-to-depth ratio smaller than 3 was almost constant, because the beams acted as tied arches.  On the basis of the experimental findings, an equation is proposed to predict the internal moment arm length, which then leads to a new method to calculate the steel tension.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/487069</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>VACUUM POWER SWITCH 3AF FOR TRACTION NETWORKS WITH HIGH SHORT-CIRCUITING POWER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/271027</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Progress in the field of vacuum switching technology makes it possible to extend the range of application of vacuum circuit breakers for railroad power supply installations with 15kv/16 2/3 Hz to rated short-circuit currents of 40 ka.  After development tests at the manufacturers plant and at the testing laboratory of the West German Railroad System (DB) and after tests within the supply network of the DB the first circuit breakers have been put into operation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 May 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/271027</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>STATISTICAL PROPERTIES AND EVALUATION OF VARIOUS FACTORS FOR FATIGUE-STRENGTH OF CAR-AXLE MATERIAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/204179</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the experimental results on the statistical properties of fatigue life depending on various factors, i.e.  mechanical properties, chemical components, size effect, service period, etc.  From these results, the evaluation of fatigue life damage of car-axles under service conditions is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Aug 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/204179</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WELDABILITY AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF 5% NI STEEL PART 1: WELD SIMULATION TESTING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167373</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes an investigation on the weldability of a double normalized and tempered 5% Ni steel, using weld simulation to estimate the heat-affected zone (HAZ) ductility at cryogenic temperatures.  A series of large scale tensile tests have also been carried out on 5% Ni butt welds, the results of which are reported in Part 2 of this WRC Bulletin.  Charpy-V specimens were subjected to various weld simulation cycles and heat treatments and subsequently broken at a range of cryogenic temperatures.  Very high peak temperatures result in a sharp drop in impact strength, especially if high heat input welding is simulated.  Very low base metal and HAZ ductilities can result from artificial aging, such as a plastic deformation followed by heating in the 200-400 deg C temperature range; this suggests that care must be taken when cold deformation is applied or distortions are corrected in structures made of 5% Ni steel.  The ductility can be restored by heat treating the specimens for instance for 1 hr in a very narrow temperature range at around 650 deg C.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167373</guid>
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      <title>METALLURGICAL QUALITY OF STEELS USED FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/163879</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is the final progress report on this project and is a continuation of the phase of the investigation discussed in the previous progress report, that is, a study of the influence of chemical composition with the object being to develop a hot-rolled steel with high yield strength and a low level of crack sensitivity that is satisfactory for welded construction.  In addition to chemical composition, the results of commercial homogenizing tests are discussed as well as the influence of electrode coatings upon underbead cracking.  In order to summarize the work of this project, a final summary report (SSC-26) will be published covering both the results of this investigation and the preceding project on this subject which was conducted for the OSRD as Project NRC-87.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/163879</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AN EVALUATION OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE MECHANICS OF BRITTLE FRACTURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/163911</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An explanation is given of the trend of results found in the many static model tests based on the concepts and some solutions of the mathematical theory of plasticity. Transition temperature, size effect, initiation and propagation of cracks are discussed qualitatively and on dimensional grounds.  The conclusion is reached that future model tests should be made at the operating temperatures of the prototype and at stress levels encountered in practice if fundamental information is to be obtained. Load, energy, or appearance criteria for static or impact tests appear to be interpretable only in terms of such basic tests or information from the prototype.  Each new material or variant of an existing one should be subjected to the basic tests before an acceptance test standard can be relied upon.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/163911</guid>
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      <title>THE LOW TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF RELATIVELY HIGH PURITY IRON-CARBON ALLOYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/163896</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The onset of brittleness in ship steel plate at a temperature which is determined by metallurgical and mechanical factors, continues to be a technical problem of considerable importance.  Previous investigations of the metallurgical and mechanical factors have generally been on material equivalent to that used in actual practice; i.e. material containing a large number of compositional and stress variables.  The present investigation, attempting to eliminate most of these variables, involved uniaxial tensile testing of eight relatively high purity alloys of iron containing from 0.020% to 0.49% carbon, stressed at temperatures from 28 deg C to those of liquid air or about -185 deg C.  The structural conditions such as ferrite grain size and pearlite spacing were fixed and the strain rate was generally constant.  The form of testing gave true stress-natural strain data.  This made possible numerical evaluation of many parameters such as yield points, flow stresses, fracture stresses, ductilities in terms both of uniform and localized deformation and strain hardening factors.  All of these were determined as affected by carbon content, and by temperature.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/163896</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>METALLURGICAL QUALITY OF STEELS USED FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION. FINAL AND SUMMARY REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/163880</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A study of twenty commercial HTS type steels showed that, in general, the steels with higher chemical composition were the most susceptible to underbead cracking, but frequently the variations in crack sensitivity found in different lots of steel could not be accounted for on the basis of chemical analysis, hardness of the heat-affected zone, hardenability, or the other properties commonly determined.  Further study of these commercial steels showed that thermal processing had a pronounced influence upon the underbead cracking or crack sensitivity, the sensitivity being increased by annealing and decreased by homogenizing. In the case of similar chemical compositions, the level of crack sensitivity was found to increase with the degree of microsegregation. Homogenizing treatments, therefore, which decreased the extent of microsegregation, lowered the crack sensitivity, while annealing, which produced pearlite bands superimposed upon the alloy bands, increased the underbead cracking.  Although the crack sensitivity of plate can be reduced to a marked degree by homogenizing at 2350 deg F for a relatively short period, such a treatment is not commercially feasible because of the excessive scaling and warping that would occur to the finished product. Homogenizing the slabs prior to rolling into plate was found to be impractical because of the excessive time required. A good correlation was found between the crack sensitivity and the depth of complete transformation in the heat-affected zone when expressed as per cent of the total depth of the affected zone under the weld bead.  The purpose of this investigation, which concerns high-tensile plate steel (HTS type) used in the construction of welded ship hulls, was twofold, the first part being an investigation of the metallurgical quality with special attention being given to those factors which might influence the welding characteristics and the performance of the welded structure. The second part of the project covers the development of higher strength steels suitable for welded structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/163880</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN INTERPRETATION OF LOWER YIELD POINT PLASTIC FLOW IN THE DYNAMIC TESTING OF MILD STEEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/164487</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Evaluation of the role of rapid plastic flow in the fracture process necessitates some measure of elastic and plastic strength which will be suitable for high strain rates.  For a limit to the static elastic strength of mild steel, the lower yield stress is a generally accepted criterion.  Its use for the dynamic test, although common in the literature, is more difficult to justify because here neither the lower yield strain along the specimen, nor the lower yield stress, are even approximately constant.  The variability of both is a consequence of the fact that in the high strain rate test, a "steady state" form of the Luders strain front is not obtained, nor is it then contained within the length of the specimen.  For this paper, strain distribution is measured after stopping a dynamic machine during the lower yield.  From head displacement and load records obtained during the test and also from plastic flow rate sensitivity measured in other high-speed tests on the same material, the strain distribution is predicted.  The predicted strain distribution behind the Luders band front is found in good agreement with that measured.  When the velocity of the band front is corrected for its diminution owing to continued flow behind the front it is related to driving stress with a sensitivity corresponding to that for the upper yield point--or the delayed yield.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/164487</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>METALLURGICAL QUALITY OF STEELS USED FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162531</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report discusses some of the pertinent factors, especially banding and homogenization, which influence the susceptibility of HTS hull steel to underbead weld cracking. The use of laboratory heats for evaluating various chemical compositions and deoxidation practices is considered.  The specific items covered are as follow: (1) The influence of time and temperature upon the homogenization of both average and high chemical composition HTS steels.  (2) The effect of various degrees of homogenization upon underbead cracking and tensile properties.  (3) The effect of hot reduction upon the response to homogenizing treatments.  (4) The demonstration of the mechanism of banding in HTS hull steels.  (5) A study of the underbead cracking characteristics of quenched and drawn HTS having a yield strength above 75,000 p.s.i. (6) A comparison of the underbead cracking characteristics and mechanical properties of laboratory and commercial HTS hull steels.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162531</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>METALLURGICAL QUALITY OF STEELS USED FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162527</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To obtain definite information concerning the relationships among chemical composition, underbead weld cracking, and the mechanical properties, especially the tensile and notched-bar impact characteristics, a series of 30 laboratory heats was made and studied in the hot-rolled state to determine the individual influence of each of the following constituents when varied over a range sufficiently broad to definitely establish the trend of the effect; carbon, manganese, silicon, molybdenum, vanadium, and aluminum.  For a standard chemical composition, a typical HTS analysis was selected, and the elements studied were then varied one at a time in this standard composition.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162527</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TWELVE INCH FLAT PLATE TESTS (PART I). ASPECT RATIO PROGRAM (PART II)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162545</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Part I of this report states the test results for the following steels:  W, S-9, S-12, and S-22.  The tests of Part I are tension tests run at various temperatures on speciments 24 in long, 12 in wide and 3/4 in thick, having a central internal notch one-quarter of the width of the plate with ends of the notch 0.010 inch wide made by a jeweler's hack-saw.  The load was applied in the direction of rolling. The report contains tables giving the load at first visible crack, at maximum load, and at the failure load, together with the energies computed to these loads.  Load elongation curves for each specimen tested are included, together with diagrams showing maximum load, vs. temperature and diagrams showing energy to maximum load vs. temperature. The character of the fracture as determined by the percentage of shear failure is also given.  The transition temperature zones of these steels on the basis of both energy considerations and the mode of the fracture are reported. Part II of this report describes the aspect ratio program now under way to determine the effect of plate width and thickness on transition temperature.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162545</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF AXIALLY LOADED SPECIMENS OF MILD STEEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162533</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Studies have been conducted to evaluate the low-cycle high-stress fatigue behavior of several ship steels under a variety of loading conditions.  On the basis of these tests and related studies reported in the literature a general hypothesis describing the cumulative effect of plastic deformations has been developed.  With this hypothesis the deformation obtained in a single loading may be used to describe or predict the basic low-cycle fatigue behavior of mild steels for lives up to approximately 1,000 cycles. Furthermore, limited correlations with existing data from other investigations suggest that it may also be possible to extend the hypothesis to metals other than steel.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162533</guid>
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