<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL STATION-KEEPING CODES, IMO &amp; ISO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the development of codes and guidelines for mooring and dynamic positioning systems.  International panels have been meeting regularly over the last few years through the auspices of both the International Maritime Organization and the International Standards Organization to develop station-keeping guidance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480206</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ADVANCED MOORING METHOD FOR INSTALLATION OF ENSERCH GARDEN BANKS 388 FPF MOORING LEGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/467233</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Autumn 1994, the 12 mooring legs were installed for Enserch Exploration's floating production facility in Garden Banks Block 388 in the Gulf of Mexico with the SSCV Balder.  The installation of the catenary mooring system, each leg comprising several varying sections of spiral strand wire and chain, required sufficient handling and manoeuvrability power of the vessel, while enough holding capacity and stiffness of the system had to be provided.  The most important aspects of the actual installation of the mooring legs are explained, for example, the use of a purpose built tipping winch.  The method selected for station-keeping the Balder was to use a minimum number of anchor lines in combination with a tug, in order to maintain position and at the same time have an easy and controlled method of manoeuvring to a new position.  The method of station-keeping the SSCV in this way is part of a development towards full position control with a spread of tugs.  In this paper the station-keeping system is described and the offshore experiences with the system are discussed.  Some future developments with respect to tug-assisted station-keeping systems are highlighted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/467233</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DYNAMIC POSITIONING OF SHIPS USING A PLANNED NEURAL NETWORK CONTROLLER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/467044</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Dynamic positioning of vessels is a technique which uses ship- mounted propellers and lateral thrusters commanded by a control system to maintain it as closely as required at some desired position in the horizontal plane.  The environmental disturbing forces are those due to wind, waves and current.  Control systems based on the PID principle have been used.  This paper discusses a new type of neural network control system which has many advantages, namely: a versatile objective function which is adaptive to the need of the operator - more precision or more saving in power; a completely feed forward control which is self adaptive to changes in environmental forces including nonlinear wave drift forces.  Emphasis in this paper is made on the quality of control, which is improved by including a velocity term beside the position term in the objective function.  The performance is effectively enhanced.  The station keeping problem is generalized to include moving the ship by neural- net control to a new target position if required.  Computer simulations were carried out with satisfying results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/467044</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STATION KEEPING IN DEEP WATER: AN ALTERNATIVE TO DYNAMIC POSITIONING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/432460</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As recently as 10 years ago, deep water for drilling rigs was 600ft and beyond.  Really deep water, 1000ft +, was on the horizon but reserved for dynamically positioned ships.  Only 2-3 years ago some experts still proclaimed that moored operations beyond 2000ft were not possible or realistic.  Today, a number of semi's moor routinely in 2000-3000ft WD; the new Trendsetter class semi, ZANE BARNES, now operated in the Gulf of Mexico in up to 4000ft WD, while dp drill ships are working beyond 7000ft. Both types are projected to go well beyond this with present day equipment.  Although distinctly different, technologies for deep water mooring and dynamic positioning have come of age.  They have proven reliable, effective, and economical.  The question no longer is whether one could moor at all or should use DP, but which is the more economical and expedient way to operate. Today, moored drilling operations are realistic in up to 6000ft WD and may possible exceed this with current state-of-the-art technologies.  Economic considerations will dictate where the transition to DP occurs.  A hybrid, i.e. a semi that has deep water mooring as well as DP capability, may eventually evolve if market conditions demand drilling beyond 6000ft WD.  Design aspects of riser systems and sub-sea equipment will dominate and outweigh stationkeeping concerns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/432460</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE UPGRADE AND PERFORMANCE OF THE DISCOVERER 534 DYNAMIC POSITIONING SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/442037</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Discoverer 534 was upgraded in 1990 from a turret moored/Dynamically Positioned (DP) drillship capable of operating in 3,500 ft. of water, to a DP drillship capable of operating in 6,000 ft. water depth.  The vessel has operated continuously on DP since the upgrade was completed in October 1990, with excellent reliability and station keeping performance.  This paper discusses the original DP control equipment, the design of the DP system for the upgrade, and DP drilling operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/442037</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANCHOR-SUPPORTED DP OPERATIONS WITH DERRICK BARGE DB102</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/442488</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the improvements of the station-keeping performance of the semi-submersible crane vessel DB102.  A new Dynamic Positioning (DP) controller was designed, extending the existing computer based DP system with a DP-Anchor Support controller, combining thrusters with one or more anchorlines.  To improve the station-keeping accuracy of the vessel, at various draughts and in shallow water, model tests and additional calculations were carried out to find more accurate wind and current coefficients.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/442488</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF POSITIONING CAPABILITIES OF SURFACE SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/442570</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper the results of several years of research in the field of positioning capabilities analysis of surface ships are illustrated.  The developments refer to station-keeping, dynamic positioning and track-keeping.  As regards station-keeping a predictional methodology is presented which provides, given the environmental forces and the configuration of the positioning system, the minimum-power setting of the propulsive and steering devices on the basis of a numerical optimisation technique.  This methodology is used in the preliminary design of a positioning system and in the realisation of a joystick system to support manoeuvring operations at low speed.  As regards dynamic positioning a computational procedure is described for real time simulations of an automatically controlled vessel in wind, waves and currents.  This methodology is applied to evaluate wither the performances of automatic control systems or the positioning capabilities of dynamically controlled vessels.  As regards track-keeping, an implementation of the dynamic positioning procedure is described, used to study the approach manoeuvres in restricted waters of autopiloted ships.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/442570</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEURAL-NET COMPUTING FOR DYNAMIC POSITIONING OF VESSELS AT SEA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/442571</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Dynamic positioning or station-keeping is a technique which uses ship-mounted propulsors and lateral thrusters to counteract environmental forces acting on the vessel due to wind, wave and current, thereby maintaining it as closely as possible at some desired position in the horizontal plane.  The authors suggest that it may be useful to train a neural-net so that it constitutes a neural network model of the action of the waves on the ship.  It can then be used to map measured wave motion into drift forces exerted by the waves on the ship.  Feedforward control can then be used to counteract those forces.  The feasibility of this approach using hydrodynamically calculated wave drift forces for network training is discussed.  The net was indeed able to act as a wave force estimator.  Dynamic positioning was demonstrated with simulation.  A training data acquisition scheme is also described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/442571</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STATION KEEPING ANALYSIS, MODEL TESTS AND PERSONNEL TRAINING FOR THE SNORRE TLP INSTALLATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/445638</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the period February 1991 to May 1992, station keeping analyses through time domain simulations were carried out on the Snorre TLP installation, then model tests were undertaken.  After comparison with these tests, the simulation model was applied using several parameter variations and additional investigations.  A real time training simulator was developed, based on the computer model, and a personnel training programme arranged for tow masters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/445638</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF FLOATING EARLY PRODUCTION AND TESTING SYSTEM (EPTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/445862</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A study was conducted on optimized production systems for the exploitation of East Asian offshore oil fields.  The study concentrated on a turret-moored floating type early production and testing system (EPTS) because the oil fields are generally marginal.  The study verified that this system is workable in spite of severe environmental conditions from typhoons.  The results of the study are presented, with an emphasis on weather downtime and describes the associated motions performance, weather-vaning capability and mooring system requirements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/445862</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY RELATED TO SKEET (STATION KEEPING SUBSYSTEM ENGINEERING EVALUATION TOOL)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/388376</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The fundamental purpose for Station Keeping Subsystem Engineering Evaluation Tool (SKEET) is to provide a means of simulating and evaluating OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) platform station keeping subsystems (SKSS) performance. This evaluation capability may be employed in the process of design review, comparison of alternative concepts, operational planning, establishing risk and reliabilty criteria, and other applications. The principal elements which should be represented by the SKEET model include: environment (wind, current, waves), vessel/cold water pipe configuration, mooring system, and dynamic positioning system effects. As a fundamental step in defining the requirements for a SKEET, an assessment of the state of the art of relevant areas of technology has been conducted. The assessment entails a literature survey, synopsis of pertinent references and computer programs, and a compilation of findings relevant to each of the basic elements of the SKEET. It is found that most of the major elements required to implement SKEET exist.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/388376</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THRUSTERS FOR MANEUVERABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/166198</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This guide to the wide range of thruster systems available to enhance the manoeuvrability of all classes of ship is introduced by Dr. David Clarke (naval architecture department, British Ship Research Association) who describes the background to a project under way at BSRA which aims to identify what is meant by good manoeuvrability, with a view to establishing certain criteria by which comparison can be made between ships of different shapes and sizes.  The guide covers twin pinion thrusters, jet thrusters, transverse propellers, rudder propellers, Becker rudders and Voith-Schneider propellers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/166198</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MOTION RESPONSE AND STATIONKEEPING THEORETICAL/TEST CORRELATION OF GLOMAR EXPLORER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/166116</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Early in 1979, as part of a study for the National Science Foundation, tests were conducted on the deep ocean working vessel GLOMAR EXPLORER, to determine vessel motion response and stationkeeping characteristics. Wave and motion response spectral densities from these tests are presented along with a comparison of actual significant wave heights and responses compared to those obtained from the spectral densities.  A comparison between actual vessel motion response and theoretical motion response as determined by the NSRDC six degree of freedom motion response computer program (HANSEL) and an irregular seas response analysis is also presented.  With regards to stationkeeping, measured wind force resolution ("x" and "y" forces) curves are presented, which indicate the magnitude of data spread. Also a table of typical measured data is presented.  In addition, a set of smoothed wind and current force coefficients are presented for the vessel modified to a proposed drillship configuration.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/166116</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THRUSTER UNITS FOR STATION KEEPING AND HIGH MANOEUVRABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/154156</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article discusses the application of ship rudder thruster units to seven ships for improved station keeping and high maneuverability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/154156</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AIDS TO SHIP MANOEUVRING. SOME RECENTLY INTRODUCED THRUSTERS AND SPECIAL STEERING GEARS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/86647</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The following ship-manoeuvring aids are described:--Tenfjord's toroidal cylinder steering gear.  An improved version of the steering gear that AS Tenfjord Mek Verksted have been making since 1953.--Series 5 Harbormasters.  A new range of steerable right-angle drive transmissions.--Wartsila's Air Bubbling System as a steering device.--Calzoni hydraulic propulsion and station-keeping propellers.--Hollming Aquamaster propulsion and manoeuvring devices.--Liaaen Compas thrusters.--Brunvoll transverse thrusters.--Hydroland propulsion.--Tapered roller bearings from Karlstads Mekaniska Werkstad (KaMeWa).--N.R.D.C. propulsion units.--Kamone 20-tonne thruster for offshore loading.--Voith water tractors.--Z-drives for shallow-draught push tugs.  Order from BSRA as No. 49,996.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 26 May 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/86647</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>