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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Analysis of Elimination of Electromagnetic Disturbances at Power Ports of Railway Equipment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972720</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents the analysis of the occurrence of disturbances and the impact of the load of the selected railway device on the measurement result of conducted disturbances emission. The static converter used in railway vehicles (electric multiple units, electric locomotives) on the entry port ±3 kV DC was tested. The measurements were carried out using a specialized measuring station with a standardized hardware configuration. During the measurements, the exceeding admissible values in the frequency band of 150 kHz–300 kHz on both power terminals (+, −) were observed. In order to meet the requirements of EN 50121-3-2 [12] railway standard, and thus a reduction interference levels, an appropriate filter EMI at the EUT input was used. When selecting the filter taken account damping characteristic and other technical parameters such as: supply voltage, load current and operating temperature range. Installing the filter in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines allowed to obtain the expected results. The article presents the effects of research in the form of tables containing specific values of electromagnetic levels of conducted disturbances and characteristics as a function of frequencies which were registered on the measuring device. The use of interference suppression systems is necessary in order to allow the use of electrical and electronic devices in the railway environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Nov 2023 14:45:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972720</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Reliability-Exploitation Analysis of a Static Converter Taking into Account Electromagnetic Interference</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899737</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents issues associated with the impact of electromagnetic interference on static converters, which exploitation in a railway transport environment. The measurements of an electromagnetic field emitted by a static converter were shown. Designs of this kind are exploitation in railway facilities, therefore, they should not disturb the functioning of other equipment, the rail traffic control systems, in particular. As a result of the EMC tests, it was concluded that the permissible values of conducted interference emissions were exceeded. An analysis of the obtained results enabled developing a research model, and a further reliability and exploitation analysis, taking into account electromagnetic interference. This, in turn, enabled determining a relationship allowing to determine the probability of a static converter staying in a state of full ability. The presented discussions regarding a static converter, taking into account electromagnetic interference, allow for the numerical assessment of different types of solutions (technical and organizational), which can be implemented in order to mitigate the impact of electromagnetic interference on a system's functioning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Jan 2022 09:50:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899737</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Pre-sizing methodology of embedded static converters using a virtual prototyping tool based on an optimisation under constraints method: comparaison of two power-sharing topologies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1307503</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study deals with pre-sizing methodology of embedded static converters using optimisation for which high performances of weight, volume and efficiency are required. Moreover, in the automotive and aircraft domains, power-sharing architectures should be an other investigation path to reach such performances. The idea of power sharing is suitable and judicious if the actuators are in the same power range. In this study, the authors consider three electrical machines sequentially driven. The first solution is to use three independent inverters without power sharing, the second one is an inverter with a power-sharing system. A non-conventional DC-AC matrix converter is proposed to replace classical inverters. So as to overcome a priori power designers habits, a general modelling and optimisation is performed to provide a virtual prototyping tool to avoid physical prototyping because of their exhaustive cost. The objective function is the overall volume (mainly the heatsink's volume). The optimisation results are presented and discussed. These preliminary results, under a three-AC drive assumption, show clearly that {inverter + power sharing system} and even the DC-AC matrix converter have an overall volume lower than the three-inverter solution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2014 09:41:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1307503</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advantages of Low Frequencies in Converter-supplied Railway Traction Power Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1255046</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes how static converters are used as frequency converters in railway applications. Therefore, there is no law of nature that generates the same frequency for catenary voltage like the public grid’s frequency and this has been demonstrated by traction power supply in Norway, Sweden and East Germany for decades. The article discusses the advantages of using lower frequencies in static converters of railway traction power systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jul 2013 13:58:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1255046</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cost Effectiveness of Using Static Converters Compared with Autotransformer Supply Systems for 50 Hz Railways</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1238250</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes how substations with static converters are initially more expensive than those with direct transformers. However, using this single-voltage supply can be compensated with lower energy costs. This article presents a comparison with the two-voltage supply system via transformers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2013 09:08:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1238250</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Static Converters – The Future of Traction Power Supply</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1136551</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Static converters offer many advantages in traction power supply compared with conventional technology for the 50 Hz supply of electricity for railways. These static converters prevent harmful effects on the three-phase (3AC) supply network and make it possible for electro-dynamic regenerative brakes to be used without interruption. The article shows how railway projects in Europe and around the world are candidates for the use of static converters, as well as conversions of railways from direct current (DC) to alternate current (AC) operation. Using conventional technology, such a conversion could do more harm than good, but with the use of static converters it is definitely possible to make improvements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Apr 2012 09:01:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1136551</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Converter stations in 50 or 60 Hz traction power supply</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1124191</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When railways operate electrically at 50 or 60 Hz, they are confronted with severe reservations by operators of high voltage grids against feeding back of regenerative power, while chances for internal use of breaking energy are low due to sectionalized catenary networks. These problems could be solved by using static converters in traction substations, as described in this article. In addition, benefits regarding lower capital expenditures and operational costs may be expected. This power supply concept represents a new perspective on enhancing energy efficiency of railways and keeping them in the category of low carbon transport, all towards the goal of sustainability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 14:48:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1124191</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reducing Train Weight and Simplifying Train Design by Using Active Redundancy of Static Inverters for the Onboard Supply of Rolling Stock</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1114707</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reliability of onboard power supply systems on rolling stock is a very important issue for the railway operator. While a failure of the HVAC supply results in a loss of comfort for the passengers, a failure of the supply for air compressors or for the traction cooling systems results in towing the train. This is, looking at the required availability of a train, not acceptable. An active redundancy concept for the onboard power supply maximizes the availability of the system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Oct 2011 07:38:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1114707</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FOCUS ON FRANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/278666</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Twelve short reports on the activities of the French transit industry are presented here.  They cover developments in Paris, Lille, Lyon, Marseilles and other places within France as well as how these developments are being applied in Cairo, the United States and elsewhere around the world.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2004 04:50:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/278666</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STATIC FREQUENCY CONVERTER FOR SEPTA'S WAYNE JUNCTION TRACTION SUBSTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/271299</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To obtain additional power supply capability for a rapid transit commuter system operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) a modern thyristor operated static converter is considered as an additional frequency converter.  The new equipment was required to be fully compatible with the existing rotaries and backup line, to be available for scheduled operation by November 1984, and to be designed to have a low life cycle cost.  A detailed technical and economical analysis indicated that the static frequency converter was the most suitable type, and a specification for its design and manufacture is furnished.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 22:00:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/271299</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE KATIUM INNOVATION: A NEW FAIVELEY TOPOLOGY FOR SMARTER POWER CONVERSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/705222</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Static converters in current use in railroad applications typically contain heavy and bulky equipment (filters, low frequency transformers ). In the framework of research and development on the theme of a "static converter as small as possible", Faiveley Transport has registered an Invention Patent. This patent, named S.P.A.R.C.: Serial and Parallel Auto Regulated Configuration, is a Power Electronics topology. Faiveley Transport has developed a power converter product line named KATIUM based on this patent. The S.P.A.R.C. topology has the advantages of operation over a wide voltage range (both AC and DC), the possibility of operation with a minimal input filter, the elimination of a low frequency isolation transformer, a large reduction in the mass and volume of the converter, and a tolerance to single device failures. These advantages make the topology very attractive for use on railroads. The originality of the S.P.A.R.C. topology lies in a dynamic connection of multiple transformers in either series, parallel or a combination. Semiconductor switches are used to switch the voltage to the transformers at high frequency. When connected to a variable input voltage (e.g. an AC supply), the same semiconductor switches connect the transformer primaries to the supply in series and/or parallel with the transformer connection pattern changing as required when the supply voltage changes. The changes to the transformer connection patterns are spread in time at high frequency, so that only a small change occurs at any one time. Consequently, the size of input and output filters is significantly reduced. Each transformer is a high frequency element (20 to 50 kHz) so its weight is also reduced. Prototype converters have been manufactured by Faiveley Transport, and are currently in trial service on passenger trains on French National Railways (SNCF). The KATIUM converter uses existing technologies because KATIUM is nothing more than a topology, i.e. a diagram, a means of bringing together existing components. It is therefore the usage of these components that is an innovation, and not the components themselves. Consequently, this paper considers the available technologies to show how an association of components will enable KATIUM to bypass present day component limitations. For example, an IGBT alone cannot accept a voltage of ten kilovolts. KATIUM, like other topologies, will enable several of these components to be brought together to achieve this objective.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/705222</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR FOR SAN-YO SHINKANSEN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/674627</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the application of SVC (Static Var Compensator) for the AC electric railway system, outlines the SVC installed at the Shin-syo sectioning post of San-yo Shinkansen and reports the results of a verification site investigation.  A single phase SVC can reduce the voltage drop in the feeding circuit and improve the power factor at substations by compensating for the reactive power.  To compensate for the voltage drop, it is more effective to locate an SVC at a sectioning post than at a substation.  The site investigation has revealed that an SVC can reliably suppress voltage drop.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/674627</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF STATIC VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION COMPENSATOR FOR AC ELECTRIC RAILWAY USING SELF-COMMUTATED INVERTERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/475084</link>
      <description><![CDATA[RPC (Railway Static Power Conditioner) is a static voltage compensator to avoid a voltage fluctuation of 3-phase power grid under an AC electric railway load.  Normally, in Japan, 3-phase electric power is transferred to paired directional single-phase feeding circuits.  At a substation, RPC links directional feeding circuits using two self-commutated inverters and RPC accommodates and active power of these circuits to balance 3-phase power and compensates a reactive power to regulate a 3-phase voltage fluctuation.  At a sectioning post, it can reduce voltage drop using a reactive power.  Also, it can act as an active filter to compensate harmonics.  This paper reports on the successful results of tests using a small model of RPC and dummy loads such as thyristor phase controlled car.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/475084</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STATIC CONVERTERS FOR A SHIPBOARD DC ELECTRIC DRIVE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/402439</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A series of static converters developed for shipboard direct-current electric drives is described. The series provides wide-range control of electric drive coordinates (speed, armature and excitation winding current, motor power and EMF) and ensures required static and dynamic characteristics accurately enough for shipboard practice.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/402439</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LINEAR MOTION ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/380598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book deals with the principles, construction guidelines, static and dynamic performance analyses, theory and certain design criteria pertaining to linear motion electromagnetic energy conversion systems.  Topics presented include: linear motion induction, synchronous and dc electric machines; linear inductor machines; magnetic levitators; and linear oscillators. The book attempts to present a practical and unified approach to the entire field of linear motion energy converters.  While maintaining a level of mathematical rigor, the results are presented in forms that should be useful to designers, practicing engineers, researchers, and students in the field. The material is illustrated by numerical examples of practical interest.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/380598</guid>
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