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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transformation of dredged silt into fluidized solidified soil for cross-sea bridge scour protection</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2701528</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cross-sea bridge foundations are increasingly constructed in soft marine sediments, where local scour threatens structural safety and long-term serviceability. Meanwhile, large volumes of dredged silt from port and coastal construction create significant environmental and disposal challenges. In this study, a sustainable pathway was proposed to transform dredged silt into a fluidized solidified soil for scour protection of the cross-sea bridge foundations. This cementitious binder, integrating dredged silt with a multi-component solidifier comprising ordinary Portland cement, calcium sulfoaluminate, quicklime, and polyacrylate emulsion (OPC:CSA:CaO:PA = 32:8:1:1), achieves balanced dispersion resistance, fluidity, pumpability, and early strength under seawater condition, with initial and final setting times of 78 and 129 min, respectively. The optimal mix consisted of 90% water content, 15% solidifier, 0.6% polycarboxylate water reducer, 0.3% cellulose ether anti-dispersant agent, and 1.2% early strength agent, providing a coordinated balance among underwater dispersion resistance (20.4 NTU), fluidity (173 mm), pumpability (54 min), and strength (UCS = 245 kPa at 7 days). Microstructural analyses by SEM and XRD indicated the formation of C-S-H and ettringite, which is consistent with the improved stability of the material. Large-scale flume experiments verified that the optimized solidified silt backfill effectively mitigated local scour around a bucket foundation, reducing maximum scour depth by 59–78% under different wave-current conditions. This proposed method shows potential as a sustainable approach for reusing local dredged sediments in offshore foundation protection.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 08:35:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2701528</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Deep learning-based inversion of loading parameters for quarry spoils</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687058</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study proposes a deep-learning loading parameter inversion framework for the embankments filled with moderately-strongly weathered siliceous mudstone (MSWSM) quarry spoils, undergoing progressive degradation under seepage erosion and cyclic loading. Firstly, 300 datasets, including peak strength [(σ1-σ3)max], failure strain (ε1 failure), and elastic modulus (E), were collected through cyclic-monotonic triaxial testing. Subsequently, the Bayesian Optimization − Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network − Gradient Penalty (BO-WGAN-GP) framework was employed for inversion, with a five-fold cross-validation ensuring model reliability. Then, the model’s accuracy and robustness were evaluated via multiple metrics, complemented by sensitivity and monotonicity analyses to assess the influence of individual loading parameters. Furthermore, the inversion performance was systematically evaluated by a closed-loop validation, integrating benchmark parameter selection, inverse prediction, forward testing, and error tracing. The accuracy and error analysis demonstrated that the optimal validation fold achieved a determination coefficient R² of 0.952, with minimal mean absolute error fMAE (4.34) and mean absolute error fMAPE (3.11), demonstrating high predictive accuracy. The uncertainty analysis confirms no significant systematic bias, stable confidence intervals, and consistent key metrics across five-fold cross-validation. The posterior parameter distribution analysis shows training stability, with 83.6 % of parameters concentrated in [−0.5, 0.5], indicating robust feature capture. Sensitivity analysis captured the variation trends of mechanical properties under parameter perturbation, aligning well with existing studies, though noise interference was observed in the impacts of seepage erosion intensity and confining pressure on ε1 failure. The inversion results confirmed the model’s robustness, with an average relative error of 6.8 % for (σ1-σ3)max and an R² of 0.88 for ε1 failure. The closed-loop validation effectively balanced local accuracy and overall reliability, particularly in the E inversion, validating the BO-WGAN-GP model’s effectiveness in complex parameter mapping.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2026 09:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687058</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Numerical investigation of electrokinetic geosynthetics-assisted vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis for consolidation and remediation of dredged sediments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The combination of vacuum preloading and electroosmosis (VPE) enables simultaneous consolidation and remediation of dredged sediments, supporting the sustainable development of global dredging industry. However, the lack of a coupled model for dredged sediments improvement under VPE has become an obstacle to the optimisation of VPE. Therefore, a coupled model integrating electrical, hydraulic, mechanical, and chemical fields was established in this study. The numerical simulations using different consolidation equations were compared with the experimental results, including electric field intensity, excess pore water pressure, settlement, and Cu concentrations. The results indicated that the adoption of Biot’s consolidation equation in the coupled model enabled a more accurate prediction of dredged sediments consolidation and remediation performance. The numerical simulations further revealed that a lower electric potential combined with a longer treatment time resulted in a more uniform treatment effect, whereas a higher electric potential combined with a shorter treatment time accelerated Cu removal. The removal of pollutants in the deeper dredged sediment layers was markedly enhanced as the applied vacuum pressure increased. An early intervention of vacuum pressure enhanced the consolidation of dredged sediments; however, this effect gradually diminished as the treatment progressed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 08:50:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663857</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of the Dumping Dredged Material in the Offshore of Dung Quat Seaport, Vietnam</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606214</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To maintain navigational channels, ports routinely undertake dredging operations, resulting in significant volumes of sediment that must be properly disposed of offshore. This study evaluates the environmental impact of offshore dumping of dredged material near Dung Quat Seaport, Vietnam. A coupled numerical model integrating hydrodynamics (MIKE 21 HD), wave (MIKE 21 SW), and sediment transport (MIKE 21 MT) modules was applied to simulate the dispersion of dredged materials over a 90-day disposal period involving a total volume of 540,000 m³. The model was calibrated and validated using field data, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations were analyzed at various monitoring and coastal points. Results indicated that TSS levels remained below Vietnam's regulatory threshold of 0.05 kg/m³, suggesting negligible impact on the surrounding marine and coastal environments. This study provides a scientific basis for environmentally sound dredged material management and disposal planning in Vietnam's coastal waters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 16:35:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606214</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Geotechnical Characterization of Dredging Sediments for Valorization in Road Embankments: Case of the Cheurfas Dam (Algeria)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2192031</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In environmental geotechnics, the valorization of dredging sediments and their use in embankments is a way increasingly prospected by researchers these last years. It constitutes therefore a research orientation in harmony with the concept of sustainable development. This paper relates to the study of physico-chemical, mineralogical and mechanical properties of a sediment obtained by dredging in the Cheurfas dam (west of Algeria) and their influence on the hydro-mechanical behaviour in the case of their valorization in the design of road embankments. Various aspects were studied: (i) influence of the natural content of organic matter and salts on the mechanical properties (ii) influence of water content on the density and the strength of the material. With an aim of valorization, a treatment with sand, lime and cement proved to be necessary. Various formulations were elaborated in this direction. The paper presents a preliminary synthesis of the influence of the formulation on the mechanical behaviour.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:24:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2192031</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluating Sub-Channel Confined Aquatic Disposal Cells: Experience from the Boston Harbor Navigation Improvement Project</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2172114</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper summarizes the July 2001 monitoring survey, which evaluated the condition of the caps and biological recolonization more than one year after their completion in the nine Boston Harbor CAD cells. Results suggest the condition of the caps in the majority of the cells remains similar to that detected immediately following the completion of capping. In cells where a relatively thick, discrete cap was initially placed, the cap continues to maintain its integrity, while earlier cells with layered cap material and DM, continue to display stratification. Benthic habitat quality was assessed over the CAD cells for the second time since initial construction of the cells. Current benthic conditions are consistent with the ambient Boston Harbor sediments not subjected to dredging operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 14:13:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2172114</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of a Berth Sedimentation Control Technology in the Kill Van Kull: The AirGuard Pneumatic Barrier System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2172111</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The problems associated with dredging and disposal in the New York and New Jersey Harbor area over the past 10 years have triggered sedimentation avoidance as being one of many possible tools in an ever-growing arsenal of dredged material management technologies. With overall project costs associated with the permitting, dredging, transportation, and disposal of dredged material reaching a typical value of $50 per cubic yard in the harbor, it is apparent to many that technologies which can reduce sedimentation within a berth are worthy to pursue. This paper discusses the results of a two year program which examined the effectiveness of a pneumatic control system to reduce or eliminate accretion of sediments within an active barge berth. Sold under the trade name AirGuard, this system was installed at a pier berth on the Kill Van Kull in Bayonne, New Jersey. Owned and operated by IMTT-Bayonne, the pier berth was dredged in early 1998, and the system was subsequently installed in 1999. The objective of the study was to evaluate environmental and hydrographic data between adjacent berths and to develop a cost-benefit ratio for users to apply when considering this technology for other sites. Over the course of the study period, hydrographic surveys, water quality studies, and fish surveys were performed to evaluate the effectiveness and potential environmental impacts of the system. Results indicate that AirGuard can be used to reduce dredging requirements in pier berth areas in an economically and environmentally sound manner.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 14:13:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2172111</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels, Texas Project 50-Year Plan Development and Design</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2171912</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a summary of the history, process of the development, and design of the Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels widening and deepening project. The Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels Project will widen and deepen the Houston Ship Channel from 40 feet x 400 feet to 45 feet x 530 feet over a 53.5 mile distance from the Gulf of Mexico to the confluence of Buffalo and Boggy Bayous. Over the 50-year project life of initial construction and maintenance of the channel, some 3,889 acres of marsh, upland, and colonial water bird habitat will be created under the Beneficial Uses Plan. The Beneficial Uses Plan will have a net positive environmental benefit on the Galveston Bay eco-system and is not a mitigation plan, but recognizes and treats dredged material as a resource. The project demonstrates that improvements to commerce and navigation are compatible with the need for environmental restoration. The process for the development of the Beneficial Uses Plan is unique in that a partnership of resource agencies along with the federal and local sponsors defined the final plan. The process has proved to be very successful and can be adapted to other navigation projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 14:13:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2171912</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New Dredging Engineer Manual "Dredging and Dredged Material Placement"</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2171886</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is in the final stages of updating and merging three of its previous dredging Engineer Manuals (EMs) into a single document entitled Dredging and Dredged Material Placement, EM 1110-2-5025. This new EM consists of the updated versions of three previous EMs, Dredging & Dredged Material Disposal (EM 1110-2-5025, 1983), Beneficial Uses of Dredged Material (EM 1110-2-5026, 1987), and Confined Disposal of Dredged Material (EM 1110-2-5027, 1987). In addition to updating the old EMs, this document also includes a new section on open-water placement. The terms disposal and placement are used synonymously to describe the dredged material deposition after its removal from the dredge cut. This paper provides an overview of this comprehensive document that describes the dredging equipment and placement techniques used by the USACE in navigation projects, and provides management, engineering, and design guidance for activities associated with new work and maintenance projects. Guidance is provided on: (1) the evaluation and selection of dredging equipment, (2) planning, designing, constructing, operating, and managing open-water and confined dredged material placement areas to provide adequate storage volume for both short-term and long-term placement needs, and (3) planning, designing, developing, and managing dredged material for beneficial uses, incorporating ecological concepts and engineering designs with biological, economical, and social feasibility.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 14:13:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2171886</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Port of Portland's Changes in Maintenance Dredging: Barge Unloading and the New Dredged Material Rehandling Facility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2171785</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the process that the Port of Portland went through to manage its maintenance dredge material after its in-water disposal options were eliminated. That process included the search for new disposal options, an overview of the considered dredge material management concepts and the selected alternative. The paper also describes details of the design considerations and features for the selected alternative such as the Dredged Material Rehandling Facility (DMRF). The selected alternative consisted of a conventional clamshell dredging operation into barges that were later offloaded into the DMRF by a submersible agitator pump hung from a floating crane. The used agitator pump is capable of pumping high percentage solids and the fluidizing water jets that are attached to it are an effective way to help liquidize the dredged material. The paper specifically focuses on the barge unloading process that was selected, the equipment used for that process (including the 10-inch submersible agitator pump) and the engineering design of the operation. Experiences gained from the project are addressed with some interesting lessons learned about pump capabilities and performance, the dewatering phase of the dredged material, how environmental rules were applied, and the workability of the chosen concept. Some insights about the financial figures of the project available from the post-project review and evaluation are also included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 14:13:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2171785</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dredging '02: Key Technologies for Global Prosperity</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663089</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This collection contains 145 papers sharing new ideas and real-world experiences in dredging and the dredged material process. The papers emphasize the economic impacts of dredging and offer economic viewpoints on the increasing costs of dredged material disposal; the necessity for deepening projects to maintain port viability; and the benefit and cost considerations of dredging as a large-scale environmental remediation tool. Topics include: congressional legislation and regulatory programs; impacts and costs of dredging policies and regulations; innovative management and techniques; environmental dredging project plans; DMMP (dredged material management plan) and pilot studies; modeling and simulation of dredging operations; specialty dredging equipment; trends in dredging equipment and instrumentation; prediction of dredging equipment behavior; alternative dredging methods; sediment characterization; monitoring for dredging projects; treatment of contaminated sediments; contaminated material in Europe; DMS (diagnostic modeling system); material disposal testing; confined aquatic disposal; CDF (confined disposal facilities); water quality impacts; geotechnical aspects; beneficial uses of dredged material; impacts from dispersion of disposed material; effectiveness of dredging as a remediation tool; economic aspects of dredging and capping remediation sites; dredging for navigation; dredged material disposal; dredging as a tool for port expansion; and case studies for special dredging projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Jan 2026 09:03:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663089</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advanced Testing and Modeling of Dredged Sediments for Beneficial Use</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2616818</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the shear tendencies of soft sediments from the New York and New Jersey harbor under direct simple shear (DSS) loading conditions experimentally and numerically. Four sediments were stabilized with Portland cement and subjected to direct simple shear loading with varying confining pressures and curing durations to elucidate the impact on the stress-strain responses and stress paths. Additionally, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed to provide a baseline for comparing the DSS results with methods commonly used in practice. Following the lab testing, the experimental results were used to calibrate numerical models using the Mohr-Coulomb and PM4Silt (Ziotopoulou and Boulanger 2019) constitutive models to evaluate the potential of accurately simulating the deformation tendencies and providing methods for system level modeling of structures constructed with stabilized sediments. The findings of this research may open new avenues for incorporating stabilized sediments into projects with more rigorous design criteria; however, further work is required to utilize these results in practice.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Nov 2025 09:07:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2616818</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Recommended Data Collection to Optimize Beneficial Reuse of Dredged Material: A Sediment Budget for the Savannah River Harbor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594011</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Decades-long calls for nature-based approaches to coastal flood risk mitigation have increased the demand for beneficial use of dredged material (BUDM). However, coastal management authorities often lack data and tools required to accurately forecast lifecycle management planning of BUDM projects. One particular obstacle to scaling up BUDM is inadequate data for regional sediment availability. Sediment budgeting and regional sediment management plans have been proposed as tools to address this shortcoming. Using dredge records and a suite of riverine and coastal sediment data, this study calculated the annual availability of sediment for BUDM in the Savannah Harbor region. However, serious shortcomings in available data and/or reporting were identified. The authors hypothesize that dredging volumes determined from pre- and postdredging bathymetric surveys are substantially larger than the actual volume removed from the system. Although the study concluded that a substantial quantity of sediment is made available by Savannah River dredging for nature-based projects, uncertainty currently exists about exactly how much. Several suggestions for improvement are prescribed to aid future sediment budgeting efforts and, ultimately, BUDM project planning. Additional channel sediment grain size and bulk density measurements, updated total suspended sediment measurements for the Savannah River, regular LiDAR runs covering the channel banks and dredge material containment areas, and channel-wide bathymetry taken at consistent time intervals were identified as important data needs for matching sediment quantity and quality with local BUDM requirements. Regional marsh and beach assessments to determine current and future BUDM needs are also identified as an important tool for matching dredged volumes with potential uses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2025 09:23:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594011</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Colonization of Dredged Material Placement Areas by Shoalgrass in Lower Laguna Madre, Texas, and the Habitat Value of these Sites for Fishery Species</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2570742</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project was designed to document the effects of transplanting on seagrass re-vegetation rate at dredged material placement areas and to compare utilization of these sites by fishes and crustaceans with that in adjacent re-vegetated placement areas and in undisturbed seagrass beds. The objective of the project was to determine whether dredged material placement operations can be modified to increase the seagrass re-vegetation rate between dredging cycles and thus improve habitat value over a shorter time frame. Water quality, light transmittance, seagrass density, sediment characteristics, and densities of fishery species and other natant macrofauna were measured at, and adjacent to, two experimental re-vegetation sites in Lower Laguna Madre near South Padre Island. Dredge deposits at experimental sites were completed in November 1994, and Halodule wrightii (shoalgrass) was transplanted onto the sites in June and September 1995. Light transmittance was monitored during November 1995 - November 1996. Water, sediment, seagrass, and faunal data were collected in April and October 1996 and April and September 1997. Seagrasses neither survived transplanting nor colonized naturally at either site. The failure of transplants at the experimental sites was likely a combination of planting seagrasses adapted to high light and low nutrients into an environment characterized by low light, high sediment ammonium concentration, and unstable substrate. Water column and light environments at the experimental sites were generally amenable to seagrass growth, although they were near the lower limits of underwater irradiance for shoalgrass survival. Old, naturally re-vegetated deposits north and south of the experimental sites supported mixtures of several seagrass species with total shoot densities and above- and below-ground biomass similar to those found in one or more of the undisturbed seagrass habitats to the east and west. Fish communities of vegetated and non-vegetated habitats were different, even though total densities often did not differ significantly. Total fish biomass was usually lower at the experimental sites than at any vegetated habitat, although not always significantly lower. Total decapod density and biomass were usually significantly higher in old re-vegetated habitats and undisturbed seagrass beds than at the newly deposited experimental sites. Potential methods for successful re-vegetation of dredged material deposits in this locale are outlined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2025 11:25:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2570742</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Blair Waterway Berth and Channel Deepening and Nearshore Habitat Restoration</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559459</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Port of Tacoma (Port) and the Northwest Seaport Alliance (NWSA) are working in collaboration with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to modernize the Blair Waterway and container terminal facilities by deepening the federal navigation channel and terminal berthing areas to accommodate larger container vessels. The Port, NWSA, and USACE are also exploring the beneficial use of dredged material for nearshore habitat improvements at the East Commencement Bay Habitat Opportunity (ECHO) site and other locations within Commencement Bay. Sediment characterization will determine the suitability of dredged material for in-water or upland reuse, in-water disposal, or upland disposal. This paper discusses project complexities such as design and construction sequencing and stakeholder and tenant coordination to ensure successful implementation. The paper also outlines the design and sediment management approach, highlighting challenges and mitigation measures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 11:43:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559459</guid>
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