<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Speed Monitoring Displays for School Travel Safety Improvement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1424263</link>
      <description><![CDATA[School travel safety has been a concern for transportation and government officials for a long time. Traffic incidents are among the leading causes of child mortality, and many of these incidents can be related to school travel. While the school travel landscape has changed drastically over the past several decades, little has changed with regards to school zone traffic regulation, particularly in West Virginia. Speed trailers were installed at a rural high school located along a West Virginia highway to assess the effectiveness of these types of devices in lowering vehicle speeds near urban schools along high-speed roads. A student survey was also conducted at three schools to determine school travel mode choice trends and gauge student perceptions of safety in their school travel. While significant reductions in average speeds in the presence of speed trailers were observed, compliance with the school zone speed limit was decidedly low. Student survey responses indicated that attitudes and perceptions of school zone safety varied between types of locations. Under the right circumstances, the implementation of speed monitoring displays can be a valuable measure to reduce school zone speeds, particularly when schools are located on or near high-speed roadways.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Sep 2016 20:59:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1424263</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Preventing Road Injuries in Children by Applying Feedback Devices</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1143676</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this article is to determine how to prevent road injuries in school children by reducing the prevalence of speeding. Methods: On a busy road in the neighborhood of a preschool and two secondary schools in Oberhaching (greater Munich, Germany), a board was mounted next to the road (visible to the drivers as well as the pedestrians). The board consisted of a picture of a smiling child. Underneath the picture, an LED display read "Thank you!" in green blinking letters when the speed limit was adhered to and "Slowly!" in red blinking letters when speeding was detected. The main outcome assessment was the number of drivers adhering to the speed limit in the experimental condition (i.e., facing the device) compared to the number in the control condition (on the same road within the same time period but traveling in the opposite direction; i.e., drivers not facing the device). In the control condition 27.6 percent (230) of drivers adhered to the speed limit compared to 41.1 percent (427) of drivers in the experimental condition, x2 = 36.1, P < .0001. Only 12 drivers exceeded the speed limit by more than 20 km per hour in the experimental condition, whereas 34 drivers did so in the control condition, x2 = 9.6, P < .01. The display is associated with a significantly lower percentage of speeding drivers but does not seem to be sufficient, because the majority of drivers still did not observe the speed limit in the presence of the display. Additional factors on how speed reduction can be achieved will be discussed in the light of future applications and possible modifications of the device.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Jul 2012 15:27:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1143676</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Safety Maintenance and Surface Weather</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/902678</link>
      <description><![CDATA[These 15 papers are concerned with safety maintenance and surface transportation weather.  The first 5 papers deal with the following aspects of work zone traffic control: maintaining work zone mobility and safety; work zone decision making based on quantitative performance measures; speed photo-radar enforcement effect on work zones; QuickZone model improvement and validation; and speed monitoring displays for work zones.  The next 4 papers examine the following aspects of pavement markings: their benefits; their nighttime visibility; their performance evaluation using accelerated wear testing; and the performance of thermoplastic inlay pavement markings.  The next 3 papers address winter services through the following: benefit-cost analysis of a maintenance decision support system; the effects of weather information on winter maintenance costs; and computer-aided design of passive snow control measures.  The final 3 papers are concerned with the following aspects of surface weather:  precipitation variation and the identification of high-risk wet accident locations; the impact of rain on driver behavior; and how drivers perceive visibility in blowing snow.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2009 16:16:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/902678</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Better Management of Speed Control in Work Zones</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/850177</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Statistics from the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) for incidents between 1998 and 2002 reveal that a leading cause of crashes in work zones is driving too fast for conditions. In April 2005, a team of researchers led by Clemson University's Transportation Systems Laboratory embarked on research to better manage speed control in work zones. The research tasks included field trials of several devices, a literature review, and a survey of states. Based on the literature review and meetings with the project steering committee, a number of devices and strategies were selected for field evaluation. The selected devices included drone radar, changeable message sign with radar (CMR), a speed monitoring display (SMD) with CMS, portable rumble strips, and a novel speed activated sign designed by the researchers. Each of the devices had to be acquired and/or developed for this project and preliminary testing was conducted to identify an acceptable configuration for actual data collection. After the initial testing, field surveillance of the speed management devices at a variety of different work zone sites on interstates and state route highways in South Carolina was completed to collect the empirical data needed for evaluation. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the performance of the devices and strategies were completed. Some of the devices were also studied in combination with police enforcement. The results of the analysis show that all of the speed control devices studied during this project has the capability of lowering speeds. This report summarizes the findings of this research and provides several recommendations in choosing a speed control device for a particular work zone application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2008 08:48:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/850177</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Long-Term Effectiveness of Dynamic Speed Monitoring Displays (DISMAYED) for Speed Management at Speed Limit Transitions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/793577</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes how speeding continues to be one of the most significant safety issues on today’s roadways. Studies have demonstrated that increased compliance with properly established speed limits reduces crash incidence and severity. One of the outcomes of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technology is the development of practical tools that enable the traffic engineer to more effectively manage speed on their roadway system. The Dynamic Speed Monitoring Display (DSMD) sign is one such tool. These signs measure the speed of the approaching vehicles and then feed this information back to the driver in real time via a dynamic message display. Portable DSMD signs (a.k.a. speed trailers) have been shown to be an effective engineering countermeasure for short-term speed control. However, experience has shown that as soon as the device is removed, speeds soon return to their previous levels.  This paper reports the results of a long-term evaluation of DSMD signs at speed reduction transition zones, which are those locations where the speed limit changes from a higher speed to a lower speed. The study was specifically targeted at locations were a rural highway transitions into an urbanized area. The study found a statistically significant decrease in overall vehicle speed immediately after the installation of the DSMD signs. The average speed reduction across all of the study sites was seven mph and it was found that these speed reductions were maintained over the course of the one year duration of the study. DSMD signs were shown to be effective long-term for speed management at speed transitions zones.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Nov 2006 16:22:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/793577</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effectiveness of Speed-Monitoring Displays in Speed Reduction in School Zones</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/776541</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Speeding is one of the major causes of the frequent and severe traffic accidents that occur in school zones. Two field studies were conducted to assess the short-term and long-term effectiveness of speed-monitoring displays (SMDs) for speed reduction in school zones. The performance difference is discussed according to several dependent variables, including the average speed, the 85th percentile speed, and the distribution of speeds. The short-term study results showed that the speed of vehicles began to be reduced when the driver recognized the presence of an SMD, and the average speed was reduced by about 17.5% (8.2 km/h) at the SMD location. This speed reduction was observed throughout the day, regardless of the time of day. A similar performance trend was identified from the long-term study results, but the average speed reduction was slightly reduced to 12.4% (5.8 km/h) at the SMD location. However, statistical analyses showed that the speed differences were statistically significant. In addition, analysis of the results of the speed distribution showed that the number of speeding vehicles was greatly reduced after the SMD was installed, and the 85th percentile speed also decreased from 54.3 to 46.3 and 45.0 km/h in the short-term and the long-term studies, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the application of SMDs in school zones produced a positive impact on the drivers’ behaviors for a long period of time.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Jun 2006 11:26:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/776541</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Four Recent Traffic Safety Initiatives, Volume IV: Increasing Speed Limit Compliance in Reduced Speed School Zones</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/772950</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reduced speed school zones greatly improve the safety of young children commuting to and from school and provide more appropriate gaps in traffic for children to cross the street. The safety and efficiency of a school zone depends on drivers’ compliance to the school zone speed limit. The main focus of this study was to determine effective methods for increasing speed compliance in reduced speed school zones. This objective was accomplished through an in-depth literature review, a public opinion survey of Utah drivers, and a before and after evaluation of the effects of speed monitoring displays (SMDs) in four different school zones in the state of Utah. The literature review concludes that a combination of effective traffic controls, public education, and appropriate law enforcement are all necessary to improve speed limit compliance in school zones. The results of the public survey produced similar results. The drivers surveyed felt that there is need to improve school zones safety in the State of Utah through education, more effective traffic control devices, and increased law enforcement. The field study found that the SMDs analyzed proved to increase speed compliance in most cases. In some cases, the SMDs maintained their effectiveness at increasing speed compliance; on the other hand, some gradually lost some of their effectiveness. The distribution of speeds at essentially every location demonstrated a reduction in excessive speeds. For the most part, these SMDs helped improve school zone safety by decreasing speeds and increasing speed compliance as manifested by the decrease in mean speed, standard deviation, 10 mph pace range and the percentage of vehicles exceeding the 20 mph school zone speed limit.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2006 09:10:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/772950</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFICACY OF SPEED MONITORING DISPLAYS IN INCREASING SPEED LIMIT COMPLIANCE IN HIGHWAY WORK ZONES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/698041</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Safety in highway work zones has become a concern at the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) as the highway network has begun to age and more maintenance and construction work has been necessary.  Researchers are looking at several mechanisms for improving safety in highway work zones.  This study focuses on the goal of reducing speed in work zones.  First, research on methods of speed reduction used by state DOTs throughout the country is identified and summarized.  Next, the methodology and results of a field study that tests the efficacy of the Speed Monitoring Display (SMD) are described in detail,  Finally, the results of a survey that was conducted to ascertain drivers' opinions of the SMD are presented.  For the field study, three main conditions were analyzed:  a no-treatment case, with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) signs and barriers; a treatment case using the SMD; and a treatment case using a police vehicle.  In the no-treatment case, average vehicle speed was reduced about 3 mph as vehicles entered the work area of the work zone.  With the SMD, average vehicle speed was reduced 7 mph.  With the police vehicle, average vehicle speed was reduced about 9 mph.  (These conclusions are valid at a 95% confidence level.)  The results of the study suggest that the SMD is a promising option for state DOTs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 May 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/698041</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LONG-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF SPEED MONITORING DISPLAYS IN WORK ZONES ON RURAL INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/692997</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The long-term effectiveness of speed monitoring displays (SMDs) was evaluated as part of the Midwest States Smart Work Zone Deployment Initiative, a pooled-fund study sponsored by Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and the Federal Highway Administration.  Three SMDs were deployed for a 5-week period along a 4.35-km (2.7-mi) section between two work zones on I-80 near Lincoln, Nebraska.  The mean, 85th percentile, and standard deviation of vehicle speeds and the percentage of vehicles complying with the 89-km/h (55-mph) speed limit and the 97 and 105-km/h (60 and 65-mph) speed thresholds were used as measures of effectiveness (MOEs).  The SMDs were found to be effective in lowering speeds, increasing the uniformity of speeds, and increasing speed-limit compliance over the 5-week period. Statistically significant improvements in speed parameters and speed-limit compliance were observed at the measurement points downstream of the first two SMDs.  The improvement in standard deviation and some compliance percentages were not statistically significant at the third SMD.  Greater speed reductions and compliance increases were observed for passenger cars than for other vehicles.  The combined long-term effect of the three SMDs was also assessed using spatially aggregated MOEs. Statistically significant improvement was found in terms of both speed reduction and speed-limit compliance.  One week after the removal of the SMDs, there were still statistically significant speed reductions and compliance increases, although they were less than during the deployment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Sep 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/692997</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPEED REDUCTION EFFECTS OF SPEED MONITORING DISPLAYS WITH RADAR IN WORK ZONES ON INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/453099</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The speed monitoring display is a traffic control device that uses radar to measure the speeds of approaching vehicles and shows these speeds to traffic on a digital display panel.  It is intended to slow traffic by making drivers aware of how fast they are traveling.  In addition, it is expected that its radar will also cause some drivers using radar detectors to slow down. The effectiveness of this device was evaluated at a work zone on an interstate highway in South Dakota.  The speed monitoring display reduced mean speeds and excessive speeds on the approach to the work zone.  Mean speeds were reduced by 6 to 8 km/hr (4 to 5 mph), and the percentages of vehicles exceeding the advisory speed limit of 72 km/hr (45 mph) were reduced by 20 to 40 percentage points.  These speed reductions are greater than those reported for the use of radar alone.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/453099</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>