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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Application of a Laser Scanning System to Dynamic Friction Test Specimens: Correlation Between Texture and Friction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1565419</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this implementation effort, a laser-based scanning system was adapted to test aggregates from five sources before and after Micro-Deval abrasion and embedded in a ring-shaped polyester material. Improvements to the ring-shaped specimen preparation procedure were identified. The Aggregate Ring Texturing System (ARTS) hardware and software were used on the aggregate ring-shaped specimens along with the dynamic friction tester (DFT) to obtain micro-texture and friction characteristics. The results allowed generating a model to predict friction at 60 km/h (DFT₆₀) from the micro mean profile depth results obtained with the ARTS. The aggregates from the various sources were ranked based on their texture and friction characteristics, and showed that igneous and gravel aggregates had superior micro-texture and friction performance as compared to dolomite and limestone. This type of analysis is geared toward improving the Texas Department of Transportation’s existing surface aggregate classification system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2018 16:27:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1565419</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The European regulations for specimen fabrication prior to performance testing of asphalt mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1370049</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For fundamental performance testing of asphalt mixtures, specimens have to be produced from an asphalt mixture that is compacted in laboratory. For this purpose, different laboratory compaction methods are available today, which are based on the effects of impact, kneading or rolling action and/or vibration. It is well known that the method used for compaction considerably influences the properties of the specimen, and in turn, the specimen properties significantly influence the outcome of fundamental asphalt mix testing. The choice of compaction method is therefore of utmost importance. Hence, there is general consensus among experts that high priority must be given to the harmonisation of laboratory methods for the production of specimens prior to mix testing. Asphalt mix requirements must not be specified independently from the detailed compaction requirements. In Europe, a harmonised quality assurance system for asphalt mix properties was established recently. In order to guarantee its practicability, also a harmonised approach for the fabrication of specimens for fundamental testing becomes indispensable. In this paper, an overview is given on how standardisation of specimen production has progressed in Europe so far, and the need for further harmonisation is pointed out from a European point of view.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 26 Sep 2015 18:15:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1370049</guid>
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      <title>Impact of the Compaction Method Applied on Selected Characteristics of Cold Recycled Asphalt Mixes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1316776</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The quality of cold recycled asphalt mixes in most European countries is currently characterized primarily by indirect tensile strength or stiffness assessed after the defined curing period. These characteristics are usually supplemented by residual values of both parameters after immersion in water. This way of assessing quality empirically is very simple, fast, and well-established. Conversely, it also has some unnoticed weaknesses. A major disadvantage is probably the strong dependency on various factors like, e.g., the method of test specimen compaction. Technical specifications in different European countries prescribe the preparation of test specimens by using different equipment that is based on static, dynamic, or slow rotational compaction (gyratory compactor). The laboratory compaction method applied naturally affects bulk density and voids content, thus directly influencing the values of indirect strength or stiffness modulus as well. This paper focuses on the assessment of cylindrical test specimen preparation and its effect on quality determination for cold recycled asphalt mixes. The specimens were prepared by a static pressure compacting machine, Marshall hammer and gyratory compactor. Two mixes were used, one of them containing bituminous emulsion and the other one with bituminous foam, whereas the cement content was identical.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 03 Sep 2014 10:32:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1316776</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Synthesis of standards and procedures for specimen preparation and in-field evaluation of cold-recycled asphalt mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1306717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of recycled asphalt (RA) materials in pavement rehabilitation processes is continuously increasing as recycling techniques, such as cold recycling (CR), are being utilised in increasing magnitude and greater awareness for use of recycled materials and consideration of sustainable practices is becoming common in the construction industry. The focus of this paper is on developing a state of the art and state of the practice summary of processes used for classification of RA as well as the curing and specimen preparation practices for cold-recycled asphalt mixtures. A variety of topics were explored through an exhaustive literature search, these include RA production methods, definition of RA materials, stockpiling practices, industrial operations, specimen curing and preparation practices and in-field evaluation of cold-recycled rehabilitation. This paper was developed through efforts of CR task group (TG6) of The International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM) Technical Committee on Testing and Characterization of Sustainable Innovative Bituminous Materials and Systems (TC-237 SIB).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2014 09:16:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1306717</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Guidelines for Project Selection and Materials Sampling, Conditioning, and Testing in WMA Research Studies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1132957</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This digest summarizes the results of a workshop held on May 13, 2011 in Irvine, California, to coordinate key warm mix asphalt (WMA) research projects. The results of the workshop are presented in tables which contain a proposed core set of criteria, methods, and protocols, including the following: field project selection criteria (Table 1); specimen preparation methods (Table 2); conditioning methods for laboratory-mixed, laboratory-compacted (LMLC) specimens, plant-mixed, laboratory-compacted (PMLC) specimens, and plant-mixed, field-compacted (PMFC) specimens (Table 3); performance test methods for LMLC, PMLC, and PMFC specimens (Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, and Table 7); and binder and aggregate test methods (Table 8).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Feb 2012 15:39:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1132957</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Novel Trimming Technique for Frozen Sand Specimens</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/842120</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, a trimming technique is described for preparation of specimens of frozen sand for 1-D thawing and consolidation tests. Specimens are trimmed directly into the apparatus’ confining ring using its cylindrical cutting edge; a heated metal blade is employed to remove excess soil, while dry ice is used as coolant. The technique is performed at room temperature and is especially useful for 1-D thaw-consolidation tests where dimensional tolerances are critical. The technique was applied for preparing specimens of frozen sand from the Venice Lagoon deposits for 1-D compression tests in the Constant Rate of Strain (CRS) apparatus (Wissa et al., 1971). Specimen handling and test setup are described in detail; testing procedure included measurement of axial strain during thawing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Dec 2007 09:50:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/842120</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Petrographic Methods of Examining Hardened Concrete: A Petrographic Manual. Revised 2004</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/815536</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This manual provides a comprehensive discussion of equipment and techniques that have been found useful in performing petrographic examinations of hardened concrete and its constituent materials. It includes an introduction and chapters on equipment; general initial procedures; cracks; preparation of specimens; voids (including determination of the air-void system); determination of volumetric proportions of constituents; examination with the stereomicroscope; the water-cementitious materials ratio; alkali-aggregate reactions; cementitious materials; and examinations with the petrographic, polarizing/epifluorescence, and scanning electron microscopes. An extensive reading list, glossary, and five appendixes are included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Sep 2007 16:26:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/815536</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Effects of the Testing History and Preparation Method on
the Superpave Simple Performance Test (With Discussion)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/798205</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Superpave Simple Performance Test (SPT) has been gaining use within the asphalt pavement research community. Testing has been conducted to better understand the response of materials to the proposed testing scheme. This paper presents the affects of testing history on the materials response with particular emphasis on the dynamic modulus and flow number tests. Also examined is the method of specimen preparation in terms of sawed/cored or compacted test geometries. This work has shown that the testing history of the specimen does not affect the mean response, but does tend to increase the variability. Also shown is that the method of specimen preparation does not affect the materials response to loading and this finding is confirmed through pavement design with the aid of the 2002 Design Guide software.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:29:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/798205</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Enhancing Performance-Based Bridge Seismic Design with Seismic Performance Testing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/758442</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Introducing performance-based criteria to bridge seismic design increases the demand for seismic performance testing results that can be compared with each other to provide critical information used in the design.  The current practice of seismic performance testing of bridge piers employs diverse testing conditions.  Some variations result from a lack of consensus-based testing guidance.  Such unnecessary variation impedes the data comparison with other research and the reliable engineering application of testing results.  Current problems and resolutions found in a Federal Highway Administration study on seismic performance testing methodologies of bridge piers are reported.  A brief preview of the guidance document for seismic performance testing of bridge piers that is produced in this study is given.  Information on specimen preparation, loading, and the documentation of bridge pier seismic performance testing is provided.  This document is intended for use with both scientific experiment and engineering validations.  Elaborate description of an assembly of practiced testing procedures is provided, and alternatives are offered for special test needs.  Procedures are provided for testing piers made of conventional or advanced material.  Requirements on test records, which are consistent with the needs in establishing or expanding seismic performance databases, are given to enable user access and verification of test results.  Technical terms used in seismic testing and seismic design are defined and their relationships clarified.  An expert panel including members from academia, state highway agencies and federal government was assembled to advise on the development and to review the product.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Jul 2005 17:30:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/758442</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Asphalt Permeability Testing Between Laboratories</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/756173</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Problems with water penetrating into pavement were observed with the early coarse asphalt Superpave mixtures.  There was justified concern that water would cause early deterioration; therefore, an effort was made to investigate the permeability problem and correct it.  After an initial investigation revealed excessive permeability in many newly constructed Superpave pavements, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) Materials Division decided that the potential permeability of mixtures should be determined during the mixture design phase prior to the start of construction.  A technique of performing regressions of air voids and permeability with specimens prepared and tested in the laboratory was developed and refined at the Virginia Transportation Research Council.  This investigation examined how well different labs agreed in two phases:  one in which two VDOT laboratories participated and one in which contractors and VDOT laboratories participated.  There was general agreement between laboratories in determining the acceptability of field samples of mixtures with regard to permeability.  Potential difficulties and solutions in specimen preparation and regression analysis were discussed.  The technique is currently being implemented by VDOT as a mixture design tool.  It is estimated that the elimination of permeable mixtures that are not durable will save VDOT as much as $350,000 annually.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 May 2005 16:21:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/756173</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASPHALT PERMEABILITY TESTING: SPECIMEN PREPARATION AND TESTING VARIABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/695990</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Concern over asphalt mixtures allowing surface water to enter has led to an interest in developing a reliable permeability test.  Several studies have been conducted on permeability testing, and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is currently developing a falling-head test method to determine asphalt permeability.  The Virginia Department of Transportation became interested in testing its pavements and using permeability as a design consideration.  An ASTM task group investigated the effect of sawing specimens, a technique for separating the layers of asphalt.  Sawing did not lead to reduced permeability when the sawing process was properly controlled.  Since a falling-head test might be used in acceptance and design specifications, it was important to determine its associated variability.  Permeability variability was computed from test data derived from field cores and specimens prepared in the laboratory.  Repeat tests by different operators indicated differences that warrant additional investigation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Nov 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/695990</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VARIATIONS IN MEMBRANE CONTACT PATTERNS OF RECONSTITUTED SAND SPECIMENS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/675302</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An integral component of most triaxial tests conducted on soil specimens is the latex membrane that encloses the specimen to separate the soil from the confining medium.  The penetration of the latex membrane into the peripheral voids of a sand specimen during application of confining stress can cause significant errors in subsequent triaxial test results.  Analytical solutions are commonly used to account for this source of error by predicting the shape of the deflected membrane based on a sand particle-membrane contact pattern assumed to be represented by four spheres of diameter D sub 50 whose centers form a square of length D sub 50 on a plane parallel to the undeflected membrane.  This paper presents the findings of a study that used image analysis to study actual contact patterns and compare these with the generally assumed configuration.  The results show that the generally assumed constant configuration does not reflect the variability of actual patterns, which are a function of the specimen relative density and preparation method and may therefore grossly underestimate the amount of membrane penetration.  The study shows that an increase in relative density results in a decrease in inter-contact distance, regardless of the specimen preparation method, and that the inter-contact distance at the sand-membrane interface is larger and more variable for moist tamped than air-pluviated specimens at any given density.  These observations suggest that the sand-membrane contact patterns assumed by future analytical solutions, at a minimum, will need to take specimen relative density and preparation method into account if the amount of membrane penetration is to be more accurately predicted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Feb 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/675302</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MEASUREMENT OF UNIFORMITY AND ANISOTROPY IN GRANULAR MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/675293</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents new experimental procedures, which make use of the advances in digital processing to study the uniformity and anisotropy of granular materials.  Measurements of the microstructure parameters were made on resin-impregnated granular specimens.  A new apparatus to conduct resin impregnation of granular materials has been developed to facilitate specimen preparations for microstructure observations.  The nonuniformity of porosity distribution within a specimen was evaluated using imaging techniques.  The anisotropy analysis consisted of the directional distribution of local porosity and orientations of solids and voids.  The procedures have been used to study the fabric of granular specimens prepared from Ottawa sand, silica sand, and spherical glass beads.  The relation between directional porosity and the preferred orientations of granular particles and voids was highly dependent on their angularity and elongation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Feb 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/675293</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RESILIENT MODULUS MEASUREMENT OF FINE-GRAINED SUBGRADE SOILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/514189</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effects of several variables that may influence the resilient modulus of fine-grained subgrade soils have been studied using two different soils.  The number of load applications, the rest period, and the load sequence are shown to have no significant effect on the measured resilient modulus. It is also demonstrated that confining pressure in the range of 0 to 69 kPa (0 to 10 psi) has less than a 5% effect on the measured resilient modulus of the investigated soils.  However, the condition of specimen ends is shown to influence the measured resilient modulus.  A comparison between the measured resilient modulus for both soils using impact and kneading compaction methods is also presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/514189</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPECIMEN PREPARATION AND REPEATED LOAD TRIAXIAL TESTING OF SUBGRADE SOILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/501669</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents part of the research work being performed under the "International Subgrade Performance Study" sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).  The objective of the subgrade study is to define one or more predictive models that will relate rutting to soil type, stress/strain level, and soil moisture conditions.  Full-scale instrumented flexible test pavements will be constructed in the Frost Effects Research Facility at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) and at the Danish Road Institute (DRI).  Accelerated loading will be used to simulate traffic, and pavement performance will be measured.  As part of the research work, repeated-load triaxial testing of both resilient and plastic properties of the subgrade soils will be performed.  Characterization of resilient properties is being done at Cornell University.  Special testing equipment and procedures for specimen preparation have been developed.  The procedure produces specimens with a uniform density and moisture gradient.  The test plan for repeated-load triaxial testing of resilient modulus and plans for model building from the results are described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Jun 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/501669</guid>
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