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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Systematic literature review of user acceptance factors of advanced driver assistance systems across different social groups</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2564147</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents a systematic review of empirical research on the acceptance of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The review focusses on the varying attitudes of user groups, the theoretical models underpinning acceptance, and the key sociocognitive factors involved. Using the PRISMA methodology, 35 relevant studies were identified. The analysis revealed several critical acceptance factors, including trust, technological awareness, perceived usefulness, and the importance of education. Most of the reviewed studies applied the TPB, TAM, or UTAUT models. The investigations concentrated on five major user groups: (1) general drivers, (2) professional drivers, (3) older adults, (4) young technology-orientated users, and (5) non-driving transport users such as pedestrians and cyclists. The findings indicate that acceptance is not a homogeneous process. It is shaped by the characteristics of each group of users, previous knowledge of the system, the degree of trust, and the specific context of system use. A considerable proportion of users do not receive sufficient training or information regarding ADAS features. This lack of knowledge limits both proper usage and the safety benefits of the technology. The study provides targeted recommendations for expanding user education, enhancing regulatory frameworks, and applying communication strategies tailored to specific user groups. The interdisciplinary approach contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of public acceptance of automated vehicle technologies. It also supports the broader adoption of equitable and sustainable mobility solutions through trust-building and educational interventions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2025 10:00:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2564147</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Achieving social routing via navigation apps: User acceptance of travel time sacrifice</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2337357</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Trip information and navigation systems are expected to become key components of future traffic management strategies, which, if properly exploited, may contribute to the mitigation of car usage externalities. In this study, the authors investigate social routing recommendations, which could be associated with nudges, and delivered via a navigation app, aiming at promoting sustainable routing behavior, where some drivers are asked to take longer routes and make travel time sacrifices (TTS). In particular, they propose a framework including data collection and behavioral modeling to identify the impacts of various types of information delivered to drivers, goals of the detour, and personal characteristics on drivers’ TTS behavior. The methodology includes stated choice and revealed choice experiments in two European cities, Amsterdam and Helsinki, and a mixed ordered-response logit model to provide insights into TTS behavior. Their analyses show that delivering different information and nudges results in different levels of TTS. However, regardless of the goal of the detour, offering incentives to drivers enables achieving a higher level of TTS. Comparing the stated and revealed data, regarding TTS and compliance rate, also clarifies significant differences between these two types of data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Feb 2024 09:15:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2337357</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Who are those fast cyclists? An analysis of speed pedelec users in the Netherlands</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2244277</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In many regions, conventional bicycles and electrically assisted bicycles (e-bikes), are gaining popularity and becoming a commonly used sustainable mode in the urban transportation system. Speed pedelecs are a type of high-speed e-bike with motorized pedal assistance up to a maximum speed of 45 km/h. This relatively new mode is most often used for trips that range from 10 to 40 kilometers, making it a promising mode for promoting drivers to switch to using sustainable and active transportation. The goal of this study is to assess speed pedelec usage in the Netherlands. The authors set out to understand who the users are, what motivates them, and whether they experience any barriers to speed pedelec usage. Using a factor-cluster analysis the authors group users based on their attitudes and preferences regarding the physical environment they cycle in, their sociodemographic characteristics, personal attitudes, and social environments. The analysis revealed four primary user groups: Enthusiastic riders, Efficient riders, Concerned riders and Relaxed riders. Across the groups, 85% of the respondents reported using a speed pedelec at least once a week for a trip they would have previously made by car. However, each group has specific travel habits, motivations, and safety concerns. In contrast to previous literature about the use of conventional bicycles, attitudes about competition play an important role for speed pedelec users. Stress reduction and being outside in nature also play an important role for certain segments of speed pedelec users. In addition, believing that other road users have a negative image of speed pedelecs also determines how speed pedelec users use their bicycles. While infrastructure preferences are often cited as being a distinctive factor for users of conventional bicycles, this did not clearly apply to speed pedelec users. However, all user groups reported that on average the cycling infrastructure on their regular routes was insufficiently developed for speed pedelecs. To motivate continued speed pedelec usage, each user groups requires specific policy interventions that are aligned with their personal values related to preference, safety, and image. By understanding the specific needs and desires of different segments it becomes possible to develop effective policy interventions aimed at improving the experiences of all speed pedelec users.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Dec 2023 15:43:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2244277</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>An Analysis of the Travel Patterns of Pilgrimage Groups in Lhasa Tibet</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975794</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Religiously-influenced pilgrims are commonly seen in Lhasa, a political and cultural center in Tibet. This study observed the travel modes of pilgrims in Lhasa between 2011 and 2017. Information was gathered using questionnaires and interviews. Travel modes of pilgrims and non-pilgrims were compared to identify each group’s regular patterns. The study assessed differences in the characteristics of the Pilgrims’ travel behavior at different ages, and differences in the behavior of pilgrims with different employment statuses. Given the significant differences among pilgrims’ backgrounds, surveys were conducted with subjects of different age groups and employment types. The study’s conclusions represent the experience of local pilgrims. Transportation management departments can use this information to better understand the travel needs of pilgrims and provide a higher standard of travel services to ensure the smooth conduct of the pilgrimage. The results of this study also provide a reference for research about pilgrims in other areas, particularly in inhabited areas in Tibet. It can also provide quantitative data to support religious study in Tibet.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Nov 2023 09:02:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975794</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determinants of Usage and Satisfaction with Demand Responsive Transport Systems in Rural Areas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2262845</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mobility in rural areas requires increased attention, because of not only the large share of the population living there but also the difficulties and special needs that characterize the areas themselves and their residents and visitors. Demand responsive transport (DRT) systems can fill the gap for flexible and sustainable public transport in rural environments. However, since most past studies focused on the urban context, there is still a lack of knowledge on the determinants of usage and loyalty to these systems. The objective of the present study is to identify the decisive factors of DRT systems’ usage in rural areas by examining user characteristics, usage cases, and the determinants of satisfaction with such services. Insights are obtained based on survey data collected on two DRT systems in Austria—one system with a flexible timetable and predetermined stops that mainly serves suburban residents and another door-to-door service with a fixed timetable that is oriented to locals and tourists. The usage of DRT systems is modeled via regression models and the decisive factors are identified and compared among user groups and services. The findings suggest that DRT systems are used for both compulsory and non-mandatory trips and that the majority of users are female. However, the results from different user groups and services suggest that there are not unanimous determinants of the probability of traveling by DRT. With regard to overall satisfaction, it is found that it is related to satisfaction with both trip-level attributes and system design characteristics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Oct 2023 08:45:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2262845</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Do frequent satisfying trips by public transport impact its intended use in later life?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1998749</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Previous studies have indicated that factors such as the built environment, attitudes and past behaviour can influence travel behaviour. However, the possible effect of travel satisfaction on travel mode choice remains underexplored, despite many studies focusing on travel satisfaction over the past years. It is likely that individuals experiencing satisfying trips with a certain travel mode will use this mode (more) frequently for future trips. In this study—using data from 984 students from Laval University, Canada—we analyse how satisfaction with public transport and the frequency of public transport use affect the intention to use public transport in later life stages. Our results indicate that public transport frequency, public transport satisfaction and the interaction between these two factors (i.e., the frequency of (dis)satisfying public transport trips) significantly affect people’s intentions to use public transport in later life, although variations in effect sizes exist between different life stages. Making public transport more pleasant and increasing ridership of children and young adults (e.g., by giving them free public transport passes) may consequently result in a higher public transport frequency in later life stages. They argue that travel satisfaction can play an important role in the formation of habitual mode use, and that satisfying trips (if undertaken frequently) are likely to be repeated in the future.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 2022 14:27:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1998749</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The dilemma of demand-responsive transport services in rural areas: Conflicting expectations and weak user acceptance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1996646</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the passenger transport sector, strategies to reduce carbon emissions engage politics, practitioners, and scientists worldwide. Inter alia, increasing the use of public transport is a vital part of the current strategies. In the EU, 29% of citizens live in rural areas, and the provision of traditional public transport in these areas is difficult and, more importantly, inefficient, further complicating its establishment. In this context, demand-responsive transport (DRT) services are presented as a possible solution. Nevertheless, scientific investigations in this domain are sparse and have fallen short of socio-scientific approaches to explain and increase the user acceptance of DRT. Against this backdrop, this systematic literature review presents an analysis of 231 articles on DRT, and a systematic identification of articles with socio-scientific approaches that were subjected to a content analysis (n = 44). This article (1) creates an overview of the development of the research field with a particular focus on user-oriented research, (2) detects a threefold, conflicting performance expectancy towards the services that complicates their success, and (3) identifies a discrepancy between the perception of DRT services and the empirical design of studies. It concludes by systemizing existing research gaps regarding performance expectation, user focus and rurality, and proposes implications for policymakers and practitioners.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 2022 14:27:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1996646</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Defining mobility packages by using city specific parameters and user groups: a case study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1927183</link>
      <description><![CDATA[By taking city specific parameters into account, this paper explains the definition of mobility packages for users in the Mobility as a Service framework. Therefore, a method that creates package levels for various transportation modes in cities is elaborated. The method involves urban characteristics, the aspects of city structure, environmental awareness, modal split, and financial features, as well. Mobility packages are created for public transport, bike-sharing, car-sharing, and taxi. In order to create more diverse mobility packages, the preferences of user groups are considered, and special packages are prepared for travelers. The method is tested with a short survey in Budapest, Hungary. The results show that the workers’ package is similar to the basic package, while in case of students and pensioners, the service level of car-sharing and taxi is lowered based on the revealed usage requirements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 2022 09:37:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1927183</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fore-sighting autonomous driving - An Ethnographic approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1873422</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A growing body of Human-Computer-Interaction research and the automotive industry has identified that understanding user needs and creating positive user experience (UX) is crucial in order to successfully introduce Autonomous Driving (AD) vehicles to the market. AD research is commonly undertaken to provide user insights by studying the individual-technology experiences in lab settings or by forecasting attitudes and acceptability through large surveys. However, these approaches base their knowledge on people's past or present expectations and limited real life experiences of AD. To better understand upcoming individual user needs and to enable new innovations beyond acceptability forecasts and UX lab tests, the authors need to identify new concepts through alternative methodologies that can generate user foresights based on users’ evolving anticipations of AD in their everyday lives. The authors propose an ethnographic approach with iterative speculative scenarios, which they demonstrate through a study undertaken with participants from five families who were introduced to evolving levels of AD, in real-life situations. To demonstrate the methodology, the authors draw on empirical findings which reveal anticipatory experiences, which they abstract through the concepts of confidence, hope and being-in-the-moment. The authors show how these concepts structured their user foresights, and outline the implications of engaging them in innovation processes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Nov 2021 14:01:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1873422</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VCC User Survey Results [supporting dataset]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1862857</link>
      <description><![CDATA[PROJECT: Strategies to promote plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) adoption include consumer education about potential energy cost savings. However, the complexity of comparing gasoline and electricity prices makes it difficult to quantify. Vehicle energy cost calculators (VCCs) help consumers navigate this complexity, and research shows they can increase consumer knowledge and positive attitudes about PEVs. At least 12 of these calculators exist, but none appear to be based on behavioral research. They vary in terms of a number of features that are potentially important for user experience, education, and persuasion. This seed funding will support development of design specifications for vehicle energy cost calculators based on behavioral research. The researchers will draw implications for vehicle energy cost calculator design from literature on consumer perceptions of energy costs, fuel economy, and electric vehicle adoption as well as a systematic review of currently available VCCs. They will also conduct comparative usability testing with several existing vehicle energy cost calculators. The research team will disseminate findings to a range of stakeholders to encourage development and applications of vehicle energy cost calculators that facilitate PEV adoption.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2021 14:58:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1862857</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Heterogeneity in perception of service quality attributes of bus transit across various user categories- A case of Kolkata</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1739754</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Existence of heterogeneity in the perception of bus service attributes across users of varied socio-economic and travel characteristics is an established fact. Research continues to highlight the need to consider these differences in opinion while planning transit services. Studies highlight that based on a user’s socio-economic characteristics, travel habits and experience of similar service, they prioritize service attributes differently, which eventually reflects on their overall satisfaction with the service. However, most studies on heterogeneity in user perception of public transit services are limited to the developed countries. User perception studies on bus services in developing countries acknowledge the difference in perception, but a detailed analysis of the determinants that influence a user’s overall level of satisfaction is yet to be undertaken. This study uses principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to understand if there exist any differences in perception related to bus service attributes among various user groups. The categorization takes into account the differences in both socio-economic characteristics and travel habits of users.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2020 12:23:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1739754</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Identifying Usage Profiles of Station-Based Car-Sharing Members Using Cluster Analyses</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1638223</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the growing usage of the internet, the possibility for shared mobility has risen just as much. Beside ride-sharing, bike-sharing, and shared parking, this applies, especially to car-sharing. Past research activities have often been limited to the economic, ecological, and urban benefits of car-sharing, such as the number of privately owned cars that could be replaced by car-sharing vehicles or the potential to save parking space. These analyses disregard the user’s behavior and patterns of usage. However, to analyze, e.g., future market shares of car-sharing, we first have to evaluate how car-sharing members use car-sharing and what purposes the trips might serve. One such study has been conducted in Germany, however, using free-floating car-sharing data. The focus of research is put on data from a station-based car-sharing provider and what kind of user or usage profiles can be identified. The authors investigated this by performing a cluster analysis using the k-means algorithm. The results indicate that there are five types of station-based car-sharing users and usage respectively. There are commercial users, users who use car-sharing for regular and users who use it for irregular activities. Furthermore, car-sharing vehicles are used to replace a second car and also for long distance travels. These findings are in part consistent with the study on free-floating car-sharing but also show some dissimilarities, as to be expected since the two systems generally serve different purposes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jul 2019 09:49:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1638223</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Portraying and Differentiating Profiles and Preferences of Casual Users and Registered Members of Capital Bikeshare</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1572884</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Even though casual users of bikeshare account for a large share of ridership and revenue at public bikeshare systems in North America, very little is known about the characteristics and preferences of casual users and how they compare to registered members. The primary objectives of the study include identifying the similarities and differences between registered members and casual users by such characteristics as demographics, usage, and indicated preferences; and examining and modeling pricing preferences of bikeshare users. An intercept survey was conducted to obtain demographic information, bikeshare usage and various preferences of Capital Bikeshare (CaBi) users in the metro Washington DC area. The survey data was validated against the data from an existing member survey with large sample using goodness of fit tests. Survey participants reported that the single-trip fare (STF) and annual membership paid at once are their preferred pricing options and a combination of STF, 24-hour pass, and annual membership with monthly installments as their favorable pricing model. Two logistic regression models, namely, a formative model for user type as Model 1 and casual user fare choice model as Model 2 were developed. Results indicated that, when compared to casual users, registered members are more likely to be White, have higher income and reside in the metro DC area. Casual users make fewer bikeshare trips and are less sensitive to the service (as measured by station density) compared to members. Logistic regression results among the casual users demonstrated that STF purchasers are less likely to be white and more likely to be the metro DC area residents compared to the 24-hour pass users. Gender, age, and income distribution do not appear to influence casual fare product choice. Results from this study are useful in policy-making, planning, and operations for bikeshare systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Mar 2019 15:51:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1572884</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AsMA Medical Guidelines for Air Travel: Fitness to Fly and Medical Clearances</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1365474</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) has established Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel that provide information for healthcare providers to best advise patients who plan to travel by air.  These Guidelines are available on a number of different topics.  This brief article provides the AsMA Guidelines for determining fitness to fly and providing medical clearances. The authors caution that not everyone is fit to travel by air and physicians should advise their patients accordingly. Physicians must review the passenger’s medical condition, giving special consideration to the dosage and timing of any medications, contagiousness, and the need for special assistance during travel. In general, an individual with an unstable medical condition should not fly; cabin altitude, duration of exposure, and altitude of the destination airport are all considerations when recommending or denying a passenger for flight.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2015 14:12:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1365474</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AsMA Medical Guidelines for Air Travel: Stresses of Flight</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1365485</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) has established Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel that provide information for healthcare providers to best advise patients who plan to travel by air.  These Guidelines are available on a number of different topics.  This brief article provides the AsMA Guidelines for coping with the stresses of flight.  The authors note that all flights, short or long haul, impose stresses on passengers. Preflight stresses include airport commotion on the ground such as carrying baggage, walking long distances, getting to the gate on time, and being delayed. In-flight stresses include acceleration, vibration (including turbulence), noise, lowered barometric pressure, variations of temperature and humidity, and fatigue among others. Healthy passengers normally tolerate these stresses quite well.  Readers are reminded that for passengers with pre-existing medical conditions and reduced physiological reserves there is the potential for illness to be exacerbated.  Readers are also referred to the separate Medical Guideline on deep venous thrombosis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2015 14:12:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1365485</guid>
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