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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Improving Mobility of Transportation-Disadvantaged Older Adults: A Community-Based Intervention for Hispanic/Latinx Population</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2364572</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the United States, there is a well-established link between driving cessation among older adults and declines in their physical, social, and cognitive function. The Healthy Buddy Program (HB) was established in 2017 to address public health and transportation planning challenges among aging populations at a community level. Specifically, this community-based program paired trained college students with transportation-disadvantaged older adults to help them identify relevant transportation and health resources in their area. Expanding upon this, the research team sought to determine whether a Spanish-language iteration of HB could improve mobility and quality of life among Hispanic/Latinx older adults in Hillsborough County, Florida and Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and San Antonio, Texas. A pilot-test of the Spanish-Language Healthy Buddy Program (SHB) was implemented in both locations. Four (4) participants were enrolled in Florida and 25 were enrolled in Texas. Due to Covid-19, older adults and student volunteers conducted the entirety of the program remotely, by phone. A pre- and post-survey was completed by 23 participants to identify any changes in measures of overall quality of life. The mean score for the post-test (61.17) was higher than the mean pre-test score (59.30) but was not statistically significant (p > .10). In-depth interview participants were receptive to the program model and provided insights that could be used to develop effective strategies to improve mobility among Hispanic/Latinx older adults.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Apr 2024 09:29:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2364572</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Improving the Mobility of Transportation Disadvantaged Older Adults: A Community-Based Intervention for the Hispanic/Latino Population</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1676643</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Driving  cessation  in  older  adults  can  present  a  significant  transportation  problem  and  public  health  dilemma. In particular, previously car-dependent older adults may struggle to access healthcare, attend social  activities,  and  conduct  errands  once  they  lose  the  ability  to  drive.  The  “Healthy  Buddy”  project  (https://www.hbuddy.org)  is  a  community-based  initiative  that  pairs  trained  college  students  with  transportation  disadvantaged  older  adults  to  help  them  identify  existing  transportation  and  health  resources in their communities. The Healthy Buddy Program was established out of the need to address health  equity  issues  associated  with  the  increasing  number  of  older  adults  who  experience  difficulties  accessing reliable and safe transportation.Given that the population of Hispanic/Latino older adults in the U.S. is projected to grow rapidly, making up 22% of all adults over age 65 by 2060 (HHS, 2015), the development of a Spanish-language accessible version  of  the  Healthy  Buddy  Program  is  crucial  and  timely.  Furthermore,  preliminary  qualitative  interviews  of  older  adults  in  Hillsborough  County,  Florida,  revealed  a  need  for  concerted  efforts  and  outreach to resolve equity issues that already exist for Hispanic/Latino populations. Pilot  research  for  the  Healthy  Buddy  Program  was  funded  through  the  Center  for  Transportation, Environment,  and  Community  Health  in 2018.  Preliminary  phases  included  program  development  and  pilot  testing  to  identify  barriers  and  opportunities  for  improving  older  adults’  access  to  community  transportation and health resources. This proposed study will build upon initial research by extending the outcomes of the program and adding a  Spanish-language version of the  Healthy Buddy Program for transportation  disadvantaged Hispanic/Latino older adults.  Through a multi-site implementation of  the Spanish-language version in Hillsborough County, Florida, and Dallas–Fort Worth,  Texas,  this project is expected to contribute to the development of a more equitable and inclusive transportation network at the national level.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jan 2020 15:23:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1676643</guid>
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      <title>Transcultural Validation and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale (BYNDS) in a Colombian Young Driver Population</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1478012</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The overrepresentation of young drivers in road crashes, and the fatalities and injuries arising from those crashes, is an intractable problem around the world. A plethora of research has led to the development and application of a range of research tools, including self-report survey instruments. One such instrument, the five-factor Behaviour of Young Novice Driver Scale (BYNDS), was developed in an Australian young driver population, and has recently been validated in a New Zealand young driver population. The current study aimed to validate the BYNDS in a Colombian young driver population, the first application of the instrument in a developing country. Translation from English to Spanish, and back translation from Spanish to English, in addition to culturally-appropriate modifications (such as changing ‘right hand side’ to ‘left hand side’) resulted in a Spanish version of the BYNDS (BYNDS-Sp). The BYNDS-Sp was administered to a sample of 392 young drivers aged 16–24 years (n = 353 aged 19–24 years) with a valid driver’s license. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a six factor structure using 40 of the original 44 BYNDS-Sp items, accounting for 58.5% of the variance in self-reported risky driving behavior. Ninety-three percent of participants reported having ready access to their own vehicle (42% owned their own vehicle), with Colombian young drivers most likely to report driving at night and on the weekend. The majority of participants reported driving in excess of posted speed limits (e.g., only one third of participants reported never driving 10–20 km/h over the speed limit), and driving in response to their mood (e.g., only one third of participants reported they never drove faster if in a bad mood). As such, the BYNDS-Sp can reveal patterns of problematic behaviors (such as risky driving exposure), in addition to specific behaviors of concern (such as carrying passengers at night, and driving when tired), guiding the development and implementation of interventions targeting the risky driving behavior of young drivers in Colombia. In addition, the BYNDS-Sp can be used as a measure of intervention success if used as a baseline and as a follow-up tool. Further research can investigate the utility and applicability of the BYNDS-Sp in other Spanish-speaking countries, such as Spain and Mexico.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Aug 2017 09:35:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1478012</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Validation of the Attention-Related Driving Errors Scale (ARDES) in an English-Speaking Sample</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1429193</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Objective:The goal for this study was to develop an English translation of the Attention-Related Driving Errors Scale (ARDES-US) and to determine its potential relationship with driver history and other demographic variables.Background:Individual differences in performance on vigilance and cognitive tasks are well documented, but less is known about susceptibility to attention-related errors while driving. The ARDES has been developed and administered in both Spanish and Chinese but to our knowledge has never been administered or examined in an English-speaking population.Method:Two hundred ninety-six English-speaking individuals completed a series of self-report measures, including the ARDES-US, Attention-Related Cognitive Errors Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Cognitive Failures Questionnaire.Results:A confirmatory factor analysis using maximum-likelihood estimates with robust standard errors revealed results largely consistent with previous versions of the ARDES, namely, the ARDES-Spain and ARDES-Argentina. Additionally, a number of new results emerged. Specifically, women, drivers who received traffic tickets within the previous 2 years, and those with a lower level of education all had a greater propensity toward self-reported driver inattention as measured by the ARDES-US. Further analyses revealed that these findings were independent of age, years of driving experience, and driving frequency.Conclusion:These results suggest that the ARDES-US is a valid and reliable measure of driver inattention with an English-speaking American sample.Application:Potential applications of the ARDES-US include identifying individuals who are at greater risk of attention-related errors while driving and suggesting individually tailored training and safety countermeasures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2016 13:42:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1429193</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Reliability and validity of a Spanish-language version of the multidimensional driving style inventory</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1244194</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI) was originally built and validated in Israel to measure four broad dimensions of driving styles: Reckless, Angry, Anxious, and Careful. This research was designed to adapt and validate a Spanish version of the MDSI for the assessment of driving styles in Argentina, provide evidence for its external validity, and examine its proneness to social desirability responding. Two studies were conducted to fulfill these aims. Study 1 (n = 642) examined the MDSI's factor structure and internal consistency as well as item properties. It also tested the associations between the MDSI factors, on one hand, and socio-demographic variables and self-reported traffic crashes, on the other. Study 2 (n = 258) examined the relationship between driving styles and personality traits according to Zuckerman's Alternative Five-Factor Model. In addition, it explored socially desirable responding on the MDSI factors. Results from the two studies present convincing evidence for the validity and reliability of the MDSI, which has emerged as a useful tool for future research with Spanish speaking populations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Mar 2013 12:45:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1244194</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>An Enterprising Partnership for Vamos, A Spanish Language Forum for Transportation Workforce Development</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1128737</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There is a critical need to identify ways to reach future transportation professional early and increase minority representation in the transportation workforce.This paper discusses¡Vamos!, a free Spanish e-zine designed to increase awareness among Hispanic teens and Spanish speaking youths about careers and educational opportunities in transportation. ¡Vamos! is published by the Institute for Transportation (InTrans) at Iowa State University. The paper discusses the motivations and beginnings of ¡Vamos!, summarizes efforts to develop the e-zine, and the outcomes of these efforts. These strategies have the potential to address current financial challenges faced by US academic programs, especially in the areas of outreach and workforce development.  In 2009 ¡Vamos! was initiated as the Spanish version of  Go!, a successful online magazine in English on educational and career opportunities in transportation. Since August 2010 it has involved two unlikely partners: the Institute for Transportation and the Spanish program in the World Languages and Cultures Department. The partnership began as a class experiment in a Spanish translation course. This has evolved into a promising internship program involving students, faculty, and community members. This unusual network of support has sustained ¡Vamos!, injected it with new perspectives and energy. Further, this initiative has helped raise the awareness among non-transportation student interns about transportation as a field of study and for career opportunities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Apr 2012 13:43:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1128737</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Effective Use of Traffic Control Devices on Highways with Work Zones at Texas-Mexico Border Regions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1091887</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The majority of traveling public that lives in the United States understands that traffic control devices (TCDs) are used to guide vehicles to travel in a uniform and safe manner on highways. The significance of these control devices may not be as clear to international drivers that cross the United States border and travel on US roadways.  The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is responsible for ensuring that the TCDs are placed and maintained in good condition to guide the motorist along Texas roadways and in work zone areas on roadways. TxDOT spends billions of dollars on constructing and maintaining thousands of miles of roadways in Texas. Construction and maintenance section of roadways create disruptions in traffic flow. Special TCDs are therefore used at these locations to facilitate smooth flow of traffic in affected areas. Numerous accidents have been recorded in work zone areas on Texas roadways. Approximately 30% work zone road signs are represented by symbols and 70% are represented with written signs. Drivers who travel across work zones need to understand these written signs and the need to cross these areas safely without injury to themselves and other motorists on the road.  The study is focused on a) the ability of international drivers’ knowledge and understanding of TCDs in work zones along Texas highways especially within the Border Region of Texas, and b) the effect of their misunderstanding of TCDs on themselves and other motorist. Survey evaluations of Mexican motorist understanding of TCD signs and a channelization device were used in this analysis. The survey was divided into four parts: a) demographic characteristics, b) understanding of 11 alphanumeric signs, c) one channelization device, and d) four signs that convey the same message. One hundred and forty motorists were surveyed in five Mexican cities along the Texas-Mexico border from Matamoros, Tamp (border with Brownsville, TX) to Ciudad Acuna (Border with Del Rio, TX.) and the city of Monterrey, N.L. Mexico.  The following recommendations were made from this study: a) need to modify the Texas Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (TxMUTCD), b) change in the Transportation Engineers design practice to develop traffic control plans for work zone areas, c) additional effort by TxDOT to provide information and help to Mexican motorist in Spanish language. These recommendations should be implemented in corporation with the Mexican Transportation Agency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Apr 2011 12:24:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1091887</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Trilingual Vocabulary of Intelligent Transportation Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/892856</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This glossary contains about 380 concepts about intelligent transportation systems.  It is written in three languages - French, English and Spanish.  Each of the three sections has its own main language; and each concept also lists its counterpart in the other two languages.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 08:13:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/892856</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of the Spanish Class C Driver License Written Knowledge Tests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/878011</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the results of a study which evaluated the Spanish language written knowledge tests completed by applicants for an original or renewal non-commercial Class C driver license in California. Since the individual questions on the Spanish DL 5 had not been analyzed in recent years, the objective was to analyze the Spanish translation of the questions and determine if any of the questions were problematic.  For each test form, the report presents the test fail rate, mean number of errors, and internal‐consistency reliability, in addition to the pass rate, item choice selection rates, and item‐total correlation for each question. Items that need to be reviewed for possible rewording or replacement are identified.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2008 08:03:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/878011</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Alternative Traffic Signs for Use in Texas Border Areas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/864697</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A three-year research project evaluated driver understanding of traffic control devices in Texas border areas. The report describes the activities and findings of the third and final year of the research study. In the third year, two surveys were conducted in both border and non-border locations. The passenger car driver survey addressed the Stop for School Bus, Fasten Safety Belts, and Right Lane Ends sign. A total of 1,344 passenger car drivers took part in the survey. The truck driver survey addressed the Weigh Station, Weight Limit, Load Zoned Bridge, and Hazardous Cargo signs, plus the sign shape/color code. Spanish-language alternative legends were developed for each of the word message signs. A total of 525 truck drivers took part in the survey. The results indicated that, in general, the overall comprehension levels for the selected word message signs were improved in the Texas border area through the use of Spanish-legend signs.  The research recommends specific Spanish-legend signs that can be used to supplement the Fasten Safety Belts, Right Lane Ends, Weigh Station, Weight Limit, and Load Zoned Bridge signs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2008 13:34:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/864697</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Developing Traffic Safety Education Materials for Spanish-Speakers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/836045</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic injury is the leading cause of death and a leading cause of injury among Latino children and young adults. Educación de Seguridad en el Tránsito (EST) [Education in Traffic Safety] was a two-year project that addressed the high rate of traffic-related injuries among native Spanish speakers. The project was designed to foster the development of effective educational materials in Spanish. This report presents results on the project’s four objectives: 1) collect and describe existing Spanish-language traffic safety educational materials; 2) develop guidelines for creating culturally and linguistically appropriate educational materials for Latinos; 3) use the guidelines to develop a model educational item; 4) develop a Web site that contains the guidelines and traffic safety resources for Spanish-speaking audiences.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 2007 08:01:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/836045</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Observed and Perceived Inconsistencies in U.S. Border Inspections</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/801414</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Observations of traffic inspections at a U.S. land border port of entry in El Paso, TX indicate that the process is highly variable. In a series of 24 half-hour observation periods of ordinary non-commercial traffic, the average inspection duration ranged from 16.6 s to 56.6 s. The proportion of inspections which involved some physical search of the vehicle, as indicated by the inspector leaving the inspection booth, varied from 5% to 56% in different observation periods. In 4 out of 10 cases, the log-mean of inspection duration in simultaneous observations of parallel lanes of traffic differed significantly (p<0.05). This suggests that differences in inspector behavior are responsible for much of the variability of the inspection process.  Similar results are found for the SENTRI program. A survey of public perception reveals that a majority of English-language respondents perceive the inspectors to be fair while a majority of Spanish-language respondents perceive the process to be more arbitrary indicating that fairness “depends on the inspector”. Spanish-language respondents are also more likely to report having to submit to additional searches than English-language respondents. A common theme that emerges from the analysis of these two datasets is that efforts to standardize some aspects of inspections, while preserving inspector autonomy, may improve the performance of the process by eliminating variability which organized criminal groups may be able to exploit.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Aug 2007 10:56:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/801414</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>'No Entiendo': Safety-Conscious Contractors Are Finding New Ways to Overcome Language and Cultural Barriers for a Growing Immigrant Work Force</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/809231</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the current construction work force ages, many new workers are taking the places of those who are retiring. Newer employees are often foreign-born--in 2004, 40% of newly created construction jobs were filled by Hispanic immigrants.  Injuries and fatalities involving Hispanic workers, including those in the construction industry, are disproportionately high when compared with the rest of the U.S. population, and have risen dramatically in recent years. The author discusses efforts by construction companies to mitigate safety concerns, often by approaching the issues through the perspectives of culture, literacy, and/or language. Companies may foster a team atmosphere in which both Spanish and English speakers learn basic construction terminology in each others' language.  Top managers may mingle with workers on the construction site. Managers may also use factors which may initially promote unsafe practices to create safer work environments. An insert highlights the efforts of a Texas electrical contractor in promoting safety among both English- and Spanish-speaking employees.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 May 2007 10:35:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/809231</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of the Class C Driver License Written Knowledge Tests</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/809011</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report represents the results of an evaluation of English and Spanish language written knowledge tests that were administered to applicants for an original or renewal Class C driver license.  The report presents test fail rates for multiple attempts, mean error scores, and internal  consistency validity for each test form, as well as the pass rate, item-choice selection rates, and item-total correlation for each item on each English test form.  Items that need to be reviewed for possible rewording or replacement are identified.  The results are based on 11,307 completed test forms collected from all California Department of Motor Vehicle field offices on August 4, 2005, or for a few offices on a subsequent Thursday.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 May 2007 12:32:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/809011</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Guidelines for Developing Traffic Safety Educational Materials for Spanish-Speaking Audiences</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/792640</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document was developed as part of Educación de seguridad en el tránsito/Education in Traffic Safety (EST), a two-year project conducted by Education Development Center, Inc. (EDC), in Newton, Massachusetts. EST’s goal was to foster the development of effective traffic safety educational materials to serve the growing Spanish-speaking population in the United States. The objectives of the project were to: (1) Collect and describe existing Spanish-language traffic safety educational materials; (2) Develop these guidelines for creating culturally and linguistically appropriate educational  materials for Latinos (this document); (3) Use these Guidelines to develop one sample educational material (reproduced in Appendix E); and  (4) Develop a Web site that contains these Guidelines and traffic safety resources for Spanish-speakers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Oct 2006 08:15:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/792640</guid>
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