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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>INCINERATION STUDIES. VOLUME 2. 1975-APRIL 1977 (CITATIONS FROM THE ENGINEERING INDEX DATA BASE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/50834</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Worldwide research on the incineration of municipal, industrial, agricultural, and shipboard wastes is discussed. Topics cover incinerator design, air pollution control, materials recovery, heat recovery, pyrolysis incineration, and cost studies. (This updated bibliography contains 195 abstracts, 127 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Aug 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/50834</guid>
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      <title>APPLICATION OF GEOSYNTHETICS IN THE DESIGN OF FULLY-DRAINED MINERAL WASTE STORAGE FACILITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/372241</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper provides information on the storage of milled gold tailing as well as describing general concepts applicable to a variety of industrial particulate wastes generated as slurries including fly ash, fine coal refuse and refinery sludges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 07 Oct 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/372241</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>REEVALUATE, RESEARCH, RENEW: A RECYCLING PHILOSOPHY IN NORTH CAROLINA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/463151</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has a long history of using recycled and solid-waste materials, and the ratification of the North Carolina Solid Waste Management Act of 1989, in addition to widespread public interest in preserving a clean environment, prompted NCDOT to take further action to address recycling and solid-waste management.  The act requires all North Carolina state agencies to develop solid-waste management programs, meet certain waste-reduction goals, and promote the successful development of markets for recycled items. The NCDOT has gone beyond the minimum requirements of state law through its research, pilot projects for trial use of products, national literature review, outreach to private manufacturing industries, review of specifications for deterrents, and efforts in other areas to enhance acceptance and use of solid wastes and recycled products in state transportation activities.  The department developed policies to institutionalize a recycling philosophy in both internal operations and its contracting and purchasing processes.  NCDOT established the Recycled Products and Solid Waste Utilization Task Force as a central point of contact for various agencies, municipalities, and industries with specific proposals to use recycled or solid-waste materials in highway construction or maintenance operations.  The task force establishes goals for the use of recycled and solid waste materials and identifies products for further study and analysis in market development.  The task force also acts as the department's contact for individuals and industries interested in developing a market for recycled and solid waste products.  This article reviews NCDOT's efforts in the following areas: incentives for targeting recycling projects; scrap tire recycling; recycling of fly ash, silica fume, and shingles; pavement recycling; glass and plastic recycling; landscaping using sludge; in-house solid-waste management; rest area recycling program; and research on recycling and solid waste products.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Jul 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/463151</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS FOR SLUDGE LANDFILL SITE SELECTION. A CASE STUDY DEMONSTRATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/461780</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A solution framework for the Sludge Landfill Site Selection Problem (SLSSP) which arises in the context of environmental planning is presented. The problem may be defined as follows: given a set of environmentally acceptable candidate landfill sites, identify the site which minimizes a weighted combination of two objectives (system descriptors): the present worth value of the transportation operation costs and the resulting population disturbance of the chosen set of transportation routes. The solution framework relies on an analysis algorithm which identifies K shortest travel time routes between one candidate landfill site and each of the water treatment plants. The solution methodology is demonstrated on data developed for Phoenix, Arizona.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 May 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/461780</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>FLY ASH-CEMENT MIXTURES FOR SOLIDIFICATION AND DETOXIFICATION OF OIL AND GAS WELL SLUDGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/451869</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Oil and gas well sludges usually consist of drill mud and formation cuttings, as well as various hydrocarbons.  They are in a semiliquid state and vary widely in composition.  The present environmental regulations in Canada and the United States require these sludges to be disposed of in an environmentally sound manner.  Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of solidifying and stabilizing oil and gas well sludges using portland cement, fly ash, lime, and sodium silicate mixtures.  Oil well sludge samples from a site in Alberta, Canada, were mixed with various proportions and different combinations of the solidifying agents.  Compressive strength tests were conducted to determine an optimum formulation of cement and fly ash that may be used to solidify the sludge.  Hydraulic conductivity and microtoxicity tests were conducted on the solidified samples.  The test results indicate that oil and gas well sludges in a semiliquid state with a solid content greater than 30% and having moderate toxicity can be effectively solidified using cement and fly ash mixtures with 15% of each by weight of solids in the sludge.  Addition of 1% sodium silicate by weight of cement accelerates the strength development.  Solidification also reduces the toxicity of sludges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Nov 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/451869</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCEAN DUMPING WORKSHOP 106-MILE SITE. HELD IN OCEAN CITY, NJ., ON MARCH 28-30, 1989</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/406026</link>
      <description><![CDATA[EPA, NOAA, and USCG convened a workshop in Ocean City, New Jersey on March 28-30, 1989 to address concerns about potential effects on fisheries and human health risks resulting from disposal of sewage sludge at the 106-Mile Site, and to assist in the process of identifying critical monitoring, research, and surveillance needs relative to the 106-Mile Site. The goals of the workshop were (1) to assess what is known about the transport and fate of the sludge; (2) to assess potential impacts on living marine resources and on human health from disposal of sewage sludge at the 106-Mile Site; and (3) to develop recommendations for future research, monitoring, and surveillance activities at the 106-Mile Site and in surrounding areas potentially impacted by sludge disposal at the site. Workshop participants included representatives of Federal agencies and state governments, the scientific and technical community, citizen groups, congressional staffs, and sewerage authorities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/406026</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MONITORING, RESEARCH, AND SURVEILLANCE PLAN FOR THE 106-MILE DEEPWATER MUNICIPAL SLUDGE DUMP SITE AND ENVIRONS; FINAL REPT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/406027</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1988, Congress passed the Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988 (ODBA) to end the practice of ocean dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste by December 31, 1991. OBDA also required that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the United States Coast Guard (USCG), design a monitoring program for the 106-Mile Site and the environs that may be impacted by the dumping of sewage sludge. In addition to requiring increased monitoring of the area, the joint Monitoring Plan required by ODBA was to include (1) sampling of an appropriate number of fish and shellfish species and other organisms to assess the effects of environmental conditions on living marine organisms in the areas of interest and (2) use of satellite and other advanced technologies in conducting the program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/406027</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MICROBES AS CAUSE OF BITUMINOUS INSULATION DETERIORATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/95108</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BITUMINOUS INSULATING LAYER OF A STEEL SETTLING TANK IN AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE WATER PURIFICATION PLANT WAS TRACED TO THE ACTION OF AEROBIC BACTERIA. TYPE OF CHANGES IN ASPHALT COMPOSITION, REACTION AND PRODUCTS, AND BACTERIAL ATTACK ON ROAD ASPHALTS AND OTHER BITUMINOUS COATINGS ARE DISCUSSED.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jun 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/95108</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRIVATE INDUSTRY MAXIMUM SECURITY LANDFILL CASE HISTORY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/372239</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper describes the design for a double-lined maximum security containment system designed to hold both sludges and construction debris in addition to contaminated soils.  Also discussed are project specifics; operational procedures; and cost analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Feb 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/372239</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRANSPORTING SLUDGE TO THE 106-MILE SITE: AN INVENTORY/ROUTING MODEL FOR FLEET SIZING AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM DESIGN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/283454</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In May 1984, the United States Environmental Protection Agency designated a new site for disposal of New York City's municipal sewage sludge 106 miles offshore.  This paper describes the development of a model for a decision support system (DSS) to facilitate design decisions regarding the new logistics system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/283454</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SLUDGE ASH AS FILLER FOR PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/284066</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sludge is an unavoidable by-product of wastewater treatment. For highly urbanized cities, incineration of sludge might be a viable means of sludge disposal; however, a substantial amount of ash is produced by the burning process and must be disposed of by other means.  The feasibility of using sludge ash as filler in concrete is studied, and the effects of sludge ash on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete are investigated.  The results indicate that the sludge ash could be used as a partial replacement for cement in concrete.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 1987 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/284066</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRODUCTION OF SLUDGE FROM URBAN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS FOR ROADSIDE LANDSCAPING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/216968</link>
      <description><![CDATA[After reviewing the origin of sludge and outlining its composition, the authors examine the possibilities of taking advantage of it for purposes of roadside landscaping.  From the experiments described, it emerges in particular that sludge can be used mixed with sand, as a substitute for topsoil and as an organic enrichment agent of topsoil, provided its proportion in the mixture is limited to about 10% by volume.  The development of shrubs is then improved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jul 1985 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/216968</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LAND TREATMENT OF SYNFUEL ORGANIC SLUDGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/202237</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Three synfuel wastewater sludges and one petroleum refinery API separator sludge were chemically characterized and subjected to laboratory-scale land application experiments. Leachate, recognized as a primary contaminant transport vector, was generated for study, and biodegradation (carbon dioxide evolution) of the organic component of sludge-soil mixtures was measured and modeled for a 245-day study period.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/202237</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPING MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WINTER ROAD MAINTENANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/196912</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The most up-to-date winter road maintenance equipment was exhibited last winter at the Oulu Winter Road Congress in Finland.  Apart from a few devices still at the prototype stage of development, all machines were models already on the market.  The article describes the most important development projects and gives details of snow ploughs, sludge removal machines, spreading and handling devices for sand and salt, motor grader windrow blowers.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Feb 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/196912</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LABORATORY EVALUATES AUTOMATED WASTE INCINERATION SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159087</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the problems facing the shipping industry is the disposal of shipboard-generated waste.  As a solution to this problem, a unique multifunctional waste incinerator (MFI) has been engineered and is being evaluated at the Naval Surface Weapons Center to help prevent pollution of the seas from overboard discharge of solid waste, sewage, and waste oil.  The MFI is a self-contained, automated incineration system which requires an operator attention time of less than five minutes per hour.  It processes trash, food waste, sewage sludge from a sewage treatment system, and oily waste from the effluent side of an oil-water separator utilizing a burner fueled by diesel fuel, JP-5, or waste oil. In laboratory evaluations, the MFI processed various solid wastes with a 98-percent average reduction efficiency on a weight basis.  Occupying 64 square feet with a height of seven feet, the MFI is capable of processing, for example,450 gallons sewage in 12 hours or 225 gallons sewage plus 600 pounds of trash in six hours.  The MFI contains an air-pollution abatement device to help reduce incinerator stack emissions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159087</guid>
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