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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Future programming paradigms in the automotive industry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1412727</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Software wird im Auto immer wichtiger. In Zukunft werden Autos immer mehr Konnektivitaet, Interaktion mit anderen Systemen und langfristig vollstaendig autonome Fahrfunktionen bieten. Das befoerdert die steigende Relevanz von Software in der Automobilindustrie und bringt neue Anforderungen. Kuerzere Entwicklungszyklen, neue Sicherheitsanforderungen, Parallelitaet und Echtzeitfaehigkeit sind Beispiele. Um den neuen Herausforderungen begegnen zu koennen, muessen die Softwareentwickler mit neuen Programmierparadigmen unterstuetzt werden. In dieser Studie analysieren und vergleichen die Autoren etablierte und neue Programmiersprachen basierend auf ihren zugrundeliegenden Paradigmen und stellen neue fuer die Automotive-Domaene hilfreiche Merkmale vor, die in etablierten Programmiersprachen noch nicht eingesetzt werden. Ein Hauptergebnis dieser Studie ist, dass keine einzelne allgemein verwendbare Programmiersprache die Anforderungen aller Teildomaenen der Automobilindustrie beruecksichtigen kann. Um den Anforderungen moderner domaenenuebergreifender Funktionalitaet Rechnung tragen zu koennen, empfehlen die Autoren weiterfuehrende Forschungsaktivitaeten zu an die Teildomaenen angepassten Programmiersprachen und Mechanismen zu deren Interoperabilitaet. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: The authors deliver the results of a study on future programming language traits for the automotive industry. They briefly review the current status of programming languages used in automotive and come to the conclusion that an update is needed. This is due to the heavy and various requirements put on automotive software as well as its complexity. They analyze and compare a number of existing languages based on their features and propose some new traits not available in the current wide-spread programming languages, and tools for them in the automotive industry. One conclusion of this study is that “there is no silver bullet”: There is not one single programming language able to directly and adequately cover all the needs of the automotive industry. Also, the authors do not advise to envisage a single language for the automotive industry to cover all aspects of software development in the future. For the future, they suggest research on layers of subdomain-specific programming languages and their interoperability. (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Aug 2016 11:21:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1412727</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SECOND COURSE ON REGIONAL PLANNING. THEME 1: INFORMATION FOR REGIONAL PLANNING. 1.2. INFORMATION ON REGIONAL PLANNING IN FRANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1059954</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS CHAPTER DESCRIBES THE TASKS OF THE DATAR (DELEGATION FOR REGIONAL PLANNING AND REGIONAL ACTION) AND OF THE INSEE (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDIES), AND THE SETTING UP, OPERATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE OER (REGIONAL ECONOMIC OBSERVATORIES) AND THEIR MAIN CENTRES.  THEIR OBJECTIVES CONSIST IN GATHERING THE LARGEST AMOUNT OF DATA POSSIBLE, IN PROCESSING THEM AND DISSEMINATING THEM SO AS TO MAKE THEM READILY AVAILABLE TO USERS.  DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS USED: SPHINX, URBAX, REGION, THE LANGUAGE UTILIZED AND THE OPERATION OF THE SYSTEMS.  ATTENTION IS DRAWN TO PROBLEMS ARISING FROM THE SYSTEMATIC USE OF THE DATA AND TO POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS.  A DETAILED LIST OF THE NEW TECHNICAL TOOLS USED  IN FRANCE IS GIVEN.  FOR THE COVERING ABSTRACT, SEE IRRD ABSTRACT NO 106219.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 06:52:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1059954</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF AREA CONTROLLED, TRAFFIC-SIGNAL CONTROLLED ROAD NETWORKS BY MEANS OF COMPUTER SIMULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1056222</link>
      <description><![CDATA[USING THE GPSS (GENERAL PURPOSE SIMULATION SYSTEM) LANGUAGE, THE AIM IS TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH VARIOUS TRAFFIC FLOWS IN A ROAD NETWORK OR  PART OF A NETWORK CAN BE COMPARED WITH A SIMULATION MODEL.  POSSIBLE TYPES OF TRAFFIC DATA ACQUISITION ARE TO BE EXAMINED TO SEE WHETHER THEY ARE SUITABLE FOR SUPPLYING THE INPUT TO THE MODEL.  A METHOD OF EVALUATION IS TO BE DEVELOPED FOR ASSESSING THE ADVANTAGES OF CENTRAL CONTROL OF TRAFFIC  SIGNALS FOR THE FLOW OF THROUGH TRAFFIC.  AS WELL AS BEING USED TO EVALUATE POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAFFIC FLOW, THE DATA FROM THE SIMULATION MODEL CAN SERVE AS A BASIS FOR BREAKING DOWN THE CONSIDERABLE EXPENSE INVOLVED IN INSTALLING A CENTRAL CONTROL SYSTEM.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 04:51:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1056222</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VRCP: A MAC protocol for integrated inter-vehicle and road to vehicle communications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/862821</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a new MAC protocol for integrated inter-vehicle and road to vehicle communications called VRCP (Vehicle and Road-side Collaborative MAC Protocol) that achieve high performance in communications. The VRCP uses two channels. In the VRCP, RVC is used for both the access control of IVC and data communications. For the performance evaluations, the autonomous cruising traffic simulator considering the shadowing effect is employed to investigate in realistic traffic conditions. Simulation results show that the performances of the VRCP in the case of using RVC for access control of IVC and another case of using RVC for both the access control of IVC and data communication. In particular, the VRCP can achieve high performance by using RVC for compensate the data of IVC even in the shadowing conditions, compared to the conventional IVC by contention access scheme.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2008 08:42:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/862821</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SIMULATION MODELS OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/468863</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Electric Tram Company of Rotterdam have developed simulation models for public transport. Firstly, FORTRAN was used, thereafter new models for more complicated metro processes were developed with the help of the PROSIM computer program. For the flow of passengers in underground railway stations the PEDROUTE program, developed by the London Underground, was used. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 884093.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Dec 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/468863</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF THE SIMULATION PROGRAM SIMCO2 FOR DUTCH MOTORWAY CONDITIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/453305</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this report an evaluation is given of the simulation program SIMCO2/GANTRY, developed at the Technical University of Aachen, Germany. The Simulation of Intelligent Manoeuvring and COmmunications (SIMCO2) is a microscopic simulation program for road traffic. The most important application of SIMCO2 is motorway traffic. Other applications are rural roads, intersections, road narrowing scenarios and access ramps. From the investigations it is concluded that the program SIMCO2 does not reflect Dutch motorway traffic in a sufficient way when the parameters are chosen in a realistic way. In particular, the vehicle generation model is inadequate. There is a need for a clear, complete and detailed communication of the program and theunderlying model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/453305</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>OBJECT-ORIENTED SIMULATION OF SHIELD TUNNELING PROJECTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/452254</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reports on research related to the modeling and simulation of shield tunneling projects.  A model was prepared to simulate various operations in shield tunneling.  The objects used in the model were then mapped to their associated computer representation using an object-oriented simulation language (MODSIM).  Here the object- oriented approach bridges the gap between the physical system and its computer representation.  (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 873901.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Dec 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/452254</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRAFFIC SIMULATION: COURSE NOTES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/215885</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The publication was prepared for a series of courses in traffic science run at Monash University in September 1984. Most of the publication consists of course notes compiled by Young, W. However it also icludes a forward: Introduction to Simulation of Road Traffic (Allsop, E) and the following papers on simulation applications: Simset 2--Simulation of Isolated Traffic Signals (Cornwell, PR); Multism: A Simulation Model for Multi-lane Traffic Flows (Gipps, PG); The Use of Computer Graphics in Developing a Simulation Model (Gipps, PG); The "TARR" Rural Traffic Simulation Model (Hoban, CJ); The Trams Package (Vandebona, U); Introduction to Traffic: A Simulation Model for Vehicle and Pedestrian Flows in Complex Road Networks (Johnston, DK); Some Experience with Three Urban Network Models: Saturn, Transyt/8 and NETSIM (Luk, JYK); The LATM Local Area Traffic Management Model (Taylor, MAP); The Simulation of Data Sets for Model Testing (Richardson, AJ).  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jul 1985 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/215885</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY OF THE METHODS OF OPERATION OF THE RER LINES BY THE INTERACTIVE SYSTEM OF DECISION PROCESS: "RAFALE" (WAVE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/180769</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors define the mode of operation of lines A and B of the RER (Reseau Express Regional) in the Paris region. They are operated according to a system of waves.  A group of several trains staggered in time is sent each with its own working mode: slow or semi-direct train, similar or dissimilar route, possibility of overtaking.  A wave operational system consists in applying the same wave during a given period of time (peak hour for example).  The determination of the waves to apply during the extension and interconnection of the network and SNCF suburban lines gives rise to numerous problems.  The timetable division, taking into account the main operational criteria and level of service constraints, set up the interactive system of decision process: "WAVE" which is a conversational program used on a computer terminal permitting the simulation and rapid evaluation of a large number of possible waves. The logical progression follows the phases of initialisation, feasibility, evaluation, storage.  Thus the "best wave" is built.  The management of the waves is another function of the system. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Aug 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/180769</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ROUTING ALGORITHMS FOR URBAN RAPID TRANSIT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/45436</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A basic routing algorithm is presented for finding optimal routes for cars in a rapid transit system. The algorithm uses predicted path cost, depth-first search, and threshold acceptance to minimize computation cost. It is applicable to synchronous, cycle-synchronous, and trans-synchronous control strategies, and will minimize either departure time, transit time, or arrival time as may be needed. Extensions of the algorithm to allow finding empty cars to answer service requests, to dynamically reroute cars in the system, and to handle multistation routes are presented. (A) /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Aug 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/45436</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPUTER SYSTEMS IN HIGHWAY DESIGN. PART 7: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/37299</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The following papers were presented in part 7: design and control of the british integrated program system of computer programs, cowling, H; the impact of computers on highway engineering.  A management view, Brant, AN. For the covering abstract of the proceedings, see IRRD Abstract No. 212272. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Nov 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/37299</guid>
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