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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>RIVER AND HARBOR AID TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM (RIHANS), PHASE 1-R, SYSTEM DEFINITION. VOLUME 1. SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15801</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Coast Guard has initiated development of the River and Harbor Aid to Navigation System (RIHANS), an all-weather, short-range precision navigation system for use in harbor and harbor entrances. The report covers the results of the proposed RIHANS Phase-1, System Refinement Analysis and Technical Definition. The results provide equipment configuration, deployment configuration, cost projections, and accuracy analysis of the approach proposed to meet RIHANS requirements. The approach uses active ranging from ship equipments to transponders on fixed shore-based stations. Data communication is superimposed on the ranging function and this can support a port information dissemination function. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>RIVER AND HARBOR AID TO NAVIGATION SYSTEM (RIHANS) PHASE 1-T: SYSTEM DEFINITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15802</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A low frequency radio navigation system was designed for use within ports, rivers and harbors. The system, operating on the principle of phase comparison much like OMEGA, sequentially radiates four frequencies in the 300 kHz region to provide service to a 50-mile square area. Theoretical analyses indicate that the low frequency RIHANS system is capable of providing position fixed accurate to 50-250 feet, the error dependent on the user's position relative to the transmitters. Limited experiments conducted on a single 12-mile baseline array yielded single LOP absolute accuracies of 30 feet with repeatability of 10-20 feet. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 07 May 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>SHIP-SHORE COMMUNICATION AT SHORT RANGES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/72379</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Communication between ship and shore, when the ships are sailing on coastal waters, is usually conducted in the VHF band for very short ranges and at mf and low hf frequencies, up to say 4 MHz, for ranges up to several hundred miles. Propagation at mf is essentially by the ground wave mode. However, the addition of skywave modes at night, while increasing the potential coverage area, also increases the mutual interference levels of cochannel stations and creates a self interference zone where the ground and sky waves are of comparable amplitudes.  This article examines the ground wave propagation mode.  An assessment is made of the coverage range taking account of the system parameters, of the propagation and noise characteristics and of the distance of the shore station from the coast.  The optimum frequency for ground wave communication, for a particular system, is indicated.  The effect of sky wave propagation on the conclusions reached is discussed.  The interference fading zone, where the ground and sky wave are comparable, is usually regarded as being unusable by broadcast organizations.  The results of some experimental work are presented which show that, for communication quality ssb telephony, operation may be extended through the fading zone.  An alternative solution for the coastal communication requirement would be to use an inland site and to rely solely on sky wave propagation modes.  This possibility is examined and it is shown that, for a U. K.  coastal coverage, the available frequencies at night limit the communication to the low part of the hf band where the spectrum is already very crowded.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>SHORT RANGE PRECISION NAVIGATION AND TRACKING SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/68551</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A navigation and tracking system using a phase locked loop has been investigated for high accuracy short range applications.  Studies and laboratory experimentation indicate that an accuracy of 0.1 m. is within feasibility limits.  The ranging system features continuous operation in an analog mode with high noise immunity, and all controls are TTL compatible.  Immediate applications include precision seismic profiling surveys, cable placement, narrow channel navigation, and precision location of open sea bench marks.  System modularity and off the shelf parts minimize cost and maximize effectiveness.  Operator interaction is minimal, and cost per meter of accuracy is far below other presently available systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/68551</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A SHORT-RANGE PRECISE NAVIGATION SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/401</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A precise short-range relative navigation system is proposed to provide repeatable position-determining capability of uniform accuracy over the entire area of coverage.  It is a continuous-wave phase comparison system, which derives range information from the change in phase between stable oscillators as the distance between them is varied.  The transmitters and their associated controls were designed to implement a prototype system.  Considerations necessary in the development of the system receiver are discussed based on tests conducted on the transmitters.  ( Author )]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Nov 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/401</guid>
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