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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Mobilities, commodification of Soviet memories and affective power of items: connecting souvenir bazaars in Georgia and Armenia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643467</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This ethnographic study explores emotional connections between flea market locations, vendors’ narratives, and the transnational movement of goods in Armenia and Georgia. It is focused on two souvenir flea markets in the countries’ capitals, Yerevan and Tbilisi, that have been a hub of informal mobility, nostalgia and the circulation of Soviet materiality. At the same time, the flea markets exemplify the commodification of nostalgia that can bridge the past and present, leading to the creation of new international trade routes, which reach beyond the countries in question. The findings of the study underscore the enduring appeal of Soviet nostalgia, even among those who did not personally experience that era. Through the exchange of goods, vendors’ and consumers’ stories, the analysis of these markets facilitates a deeper understanding of the region’s complex cultural and political (dis)connectivity. I argue that a mythicized nostalgia for the Soviet era serves as a resource for triggering new informal and formal economic links and channels between local markets and marketplaces in China. The circulation of objects becomes a mechanism for enlivening connections, concurrently contributing to globalization from below propelled by the gatherers of material culture.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 14:47:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643467</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Illegal Parking Behavior at Pub-Street and Night Market Area, Siem Reap</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2645997</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urbanization in Siem Reap city has developed significantly. Along with this development, the increasing number of tourists and vehicles has led to various urban challenges, while illegal parking is one of critical issue, which causing severe congestion, pedestrian safety and urban aesthetics of Siem Reap city. Objective of this study is to examine factors influencing and illegal parking behaviors around Pub Street, the most popular tourist and nightlife destination in Siem Reap. Data was collected through field investigations and interviews with drivers. The field investigation assessed the current situation regarding parking availability and regulations in the city. Questionnaire surveys were conducted with 101 parking users including motorcycle, paratransit drivers, car drivers, and street vendors to identify factors influencing illegal parking behavior and their concerns. Based on the findings, the study proposes recommendations to address these issues, improve the overall parking system, promote sustainable urban mobility, and enhance the visitor experience.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 16:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2645997</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Does perceived proximity to urban facilities still matter to individuals' daily activities in the information age?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2608352</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An easy access to urban facilities is often assumed as a precondition for frequent uses of these facilities nearby, thus promoting urban vitality and the sustainable mobility transition. However, with increasing popularity of online activities, people have been considerably reducing their dependence on urban facilities in daily life. In this sense, an important question emerges – is perceived proximity to urban facilities still relevant to people's daily activities in the information age? Using data from a nationwide survey with 7209 valid respondents in 81 Chinese cities, this study aims to answer this question. The results indicate that frequent online shopping and food ordering significantly moderates how perceived proximity to stores and restaurants promotes onsite visits, while frequent online entertainment does not. Therefore, the benefits of improving perceived proximity to urban facilities, shopping facilities and restaurants in particular, are diminishing, considering that the popularity of online activities is expected to continuously increase in the coming years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2025 16:38:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2608352</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Paths to prosperity: How transport networks and income accessibility shape retail location</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2587457</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Retail location patterns in large cities are shaped by multiple factors, with transport accessibility playing a crucial role in commercial concentration. Traditional approaches often rely on proximity to transport infrastructure or network centrality, overlooking actual travel times. This study refines these methods by incorporating real travel-time data for both private and public transport to assess their influence on retail clustering in Rio de Janeiro. Using estimated travel times from Google API for private travel and GTFS data for transit networks, we analyze how retail density responds to network betweenness and gravity-based accessibility to income, given that income is likely a stronger predictor of retail activity than population density, as we show. Results from the XGBoost machine learning algorithm indicate that accessibility to income via public transport exhibits a stronger correlation with retail density than private transport, highlighting transit networks as a decisive factor in shaping commercial activity. Additionally, transit network centrality emerges as a key predictor of retail concentration, reinforcing the economic advantages of well-connected public transport services. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating transport accessibility metrics into urban planning, as they offer practical tools for guiding policy interventions. Enhancing transit coverage, frequency, and integration could support retail activity in underserved areas, reducing spatial inequalities and fostering balanced urban development. Future research should explore the role of informal retail and alternative modeling techniques to refine the understanding of transport-driven commercial patterns, particularly in cities where economic disparities and accessibility constraints pose significant challenges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Nov 2025 17:07:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2587457</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modeling Pedestrian Behavior in Metro Stations with Commercial Facilities: An Attractiveness-Based Approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2569775</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study is focused on understanding and optimizing pedestrian behavior in metro stations with commercial facilities. Recognizing that both transit and commercial interests influence pedestrian behavior in these stations, we developed an improved attractiveness-based route choice model. This model incorporates subjective perceptions of distance and waiting time, alongside the utility of facilities, to predict pedestrian behavior and passenger flow more accurately. We implemented the model in AnyLogic using the social force model for simulation. Our findings show that the incorporation of subjective perceptions enhances the predictive accuracy of pedestrian behavior in metro stations with commercial facilities. We validated the model using benchmarking methods against real-world data from Shanghai’s Jing’an Temple station. The simulation results highlighted how strategic placement and configuration of transit and commercial facilities can optimize operational performance and enhance passenger experience. We applied the model to various scenarios, revealing critical insights for spatial design, such as the benefits of repositioning gates, adding barriers near escalators, and adjusting escalator speeds. The study provides actionable recommendations for station layout optimization to improve transportation efficiency and commercial viability. Future research should be designed to expand sample sizes, incorporate more diverse commercial types, and utilize advanced tools, such as virtual reality, for data collection to further refine pedestrian behavior models in complex environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2025 17:20:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2569775</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The impact of a Michi-no-Eki with urban amenities on shopping difficulty and social interaction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548239</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for “Michi-no-Eki.” These roadside stations in Japan help solve food desert problems and enhance social interaction. Accordingly, the number of Michi-no-Eki with various urban amenities (e.g., supermarket, restaurant, and playground) has been increasing. However, there is no statistical model that can calculate the impact of a Michi-no-Eki with urban amenities on shopping difficulty or social interaction. Consequently, it can be difficult for local authorities to assess the need, the location, and the design of a Michi-no-Eki with urban amenities to ease shopping difficulty and enhance social interaction. This study aimed to (1) confirm the influence of Michi-no-Eki with urban amenities on shopping difficulty and social interaction, and (2) identify the factors influencing the impact of such Michi-no-Eki to support development of statistical models for shopping difficulty and social interaction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 May 2025 16:13:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548239</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Enhancing Transit-Oriented Development: An Integrated Evaluation Method for TOD Subway Stations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The integration of commercial space within TOD subway stations enhances public transport and land use efficiency but presents challenges due to conflicting needs. Evaluating whether the space can meet its functional requirements is crucial for optimizing space design and passenger flow. Based on space syntax, this study considers both commercial benefits and traffic efficiency, creating a multi-dimensional evaluation system. Unlike existing single-focused research, it addresses the complex functional requirements of integrated development. This study aims to establish a synergistic evaluation method that covers commercial and passenger traffic aspects, offering design and flow optimization recommendations. The proposed indicator system and evaluation method are applied by evaluating a TOD subway station. The results show that the evaluation method can reasonably evaluate the TOD station space and provide a reference for its spatial design and passenger flow organization optimization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jan 2025 10:24:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475382</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Reconstruction of Pedestrian Itineraries in Shopping Streets Using Sparse Image Data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2465019</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of computer vision technology to analyze video or image data provides a promising method for collecting individual pedestrian behavior data in shopping streets. This paper is specifically focused on situations where the image data are sparse and only limited information about pedestrians' movements is captured. A method for reconstructing the shopping itineraries of pedestrians is proposed and validated. The method involves using computer vision algorithms to identify specific pedestrians in the images, and estimating the durations of visits to different places in the shopping street. This is achieved through the use of a recursive least squares model. The paper demonstrates, through simulation-based validation, that mean visit durations can be accurately and reliably estimated with a sufficiently large sample size, and the relative performance of the shopping street can be reliably measured. The empirical validation of the method utilizes pedestrian behavior data collected from East Nanjing Road in Shanghai, China, over the past two decades. By comparing the mean visit durations and relative performance of the street over the years, it is found that these longitudinal changes can be explained by the development of retail and spatial improvements on the street; this further supports the proposed method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Dec 2024 11:59:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2465019</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Enhancing geospatial retail analysis by integrating synthetic human mobility simulations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2378535</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The accuracy of retail location models depends on their precise calibration, but the data necessary for such a key task is seldom available. In this research, the authors use synthetic human mobility data, which introduces commuting dynamics, to improve the reliability of such models. The authors use the origin-destination flows to distribute households' potential expenditures in their home and commuting locations with the aim of modeling non-residential-driven demand in the commercial streets of Tokyo. The authors estimate potential revenues of commercial streets using the Huff model with its conventional specification as well as a variation of it that adopts pedestrian trajectory counts as the deterrence variable. The authors found that redistributing the potential expenditures toward the households' daytime locations significantly increased the model's performance. Additionally, the authors found that their use of pedestrian trajectory counts is comparable to using distance within the Huff model framework, but their proposed model was still outperformed by the conventional Huff model specification. The authors conclude that combining synthetic human mobility simulations and retail location models significantly increases the reliability of analysis in data-constrained situations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jun 2024 14:01:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2378535</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Flexsim Simulation Research on Application of Internet of Things Technology in Retail Business Logistics Distribution</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2282434</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the development of network technology and economic globalization, customer's personalization is increasing day by day, which leads to the higher requirement of cost control and market responsiveness in retail store's logistic distribution system. Because of its own limitation, traditional information management technology which is on the basis of barcode has become bottleneck of high efficiency of retail store's logistic distribution system. And nowadays, more and more corporations attach importance to the Internet of Things which is based on Simultaneous identification and Contactless frequency Identification. By using Flexsim software, the authors can construct a visual simulation model. And by using dynamic simulation technology, they can achieve to simulate retail business logistic distribution process. Through entity simulation, the authors can construct the things of internet's application context and application model. And from the analysis of technology, venues and operation, they can solve the internet of things technology' deployment and application problems in retail business logistic distribution. And finally, provide reference to retail stores for using the internet of things.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Feb 2024 14:52:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2282434</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of Crash Risks at Highway Access Points with Restricted Sight Visibility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975223</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper describes an approach of crash risk assessment at midblock access points of highways where sight visibility is restricted due to inadequate corner clearance and also prevailing traffic is mixed in character. Field study was conducted at two junctions on two-lane highways and site details as well as associated traffic data were captured; proportion of two-wheeler and non-motorized vehicles was found to be significant at both the sites. A study of effects of mixed traffic on vehicle movements reveals that faster vehicles especially the bike riders often exhibit a tendency to swiftly overtake slower ones when they are impeded and accordingly sight distance needs for such vehicles increase to a considerable extent. Further, existence of vending shops at the corner of access points obstructs sight lines and reduces the sight distance available to drivers. On the basis of a descriptive statistical analysis, the paper demonstrated the effect of sight visibility on safety margins at access points. It was concluded that existence of vending shops significantly exaggerates crash risk at access points in the event of mixed traffic situations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2023 11:25:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975223</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A planning approach to re-envisioning street vendor spaces in Cairo</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2144327</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban regeneration has been an accepted strategy for reviving cities around the globe for decades. In Egypt, the local government in Cairo has launched many regeneration projects: mainly focusing on the formalisation and relocation of street vendors to new public markets. This research tackles the relationship between the design of alternative public markets and the behaviours and needs of street vendors. Six cases in Cairo city, Egypt (El Tunisi, Kasr El Nile, El Turjuman, Ahmed Helmy, Toshka and Ain Helwan, and Misr Street) are analysed using various methods such as observation, surveys, questionnaires and group discussions. The aim is to investigate the reasons behind the failure of alternative markets in Cairo city over the past few years. The results show that unprofitable locations was one crucial factor that led to the rejection of enclosed public markets. Additionally, it was found that the needs of street vendors were not taken into account in the urban design, which provoked street vendors to abandon the alternative markets and strive to fulfil their unsatisfied needs. Another issue is the lack of a strategy to encourage street vendors to participate in the relocation process, which has resulted in vendors abandoning new markets, leading to more economic losses. The research presents a new perspective regarding planning and designing such vital public market spaces that serve a broad sector of the Egyptian community, in an effort to prevent the growth of the informal sector and to ensure the sustainability of regeneration efforts in these markets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jun 2023 09:16:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2144327</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Accident Severity on National Highways in the Presence of Liquor Shop: A Case Study of National Highway 5, India</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113345</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road safety on national highways is always a major concern in India due to their largest share (27.5%) of all accidents. This paper investigates the accident records of a 102 km stretch of National Highway (NH5) to understand the influence of liquor shops and other factors on the accident frequency and their severity. The influences of crash-related factors on the accident frequency were analyzed, and the influences of different factors on the crash severity level were studied by developing an ordered probit model. The paper brings out an interesting observation that the crash frequency closer to the liquor shops is considerably high. The ordered probit model indicates that the crash severity is negatively related to the distance of crash location from the nearest liquor shop. Factors such as lighting condition, type of crash, weather, and reported cause of crash are also observed to influence both crash frequency and severity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Feb 2023 09:40:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113345</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Growing threat to urban retail? Residential suburbanization and shopping behavior change in Shanghai, China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2056158</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many studies found the rise of suburban retail in the Western countries had negative impacts on the urban centers. Although there is a debate on that the form and process of suburbanization in Chinese cities are different from those in the developed countries, limited research have examined the impact of suburbanization on inner city retail in the context of Chinese cities. This study analyzed the changing retail hierarchy under the process of suburbanization in Shanghai, restricted by the state-led retail regulations and planning. Then, the authors investigate how relocating to a suburban new town influenced residents' shopping behaviors given the local and city-level retail supply. An in-home household survey is conducted to examine the changes in shopping frequencies and destination choice, in particular the difference between the residents moved from the inner city and those from the suburbs. The authors found the combination of the construction land quota system, the “top-down” planning and the state land ownership have protected retail hierarchy of Shanghai. The transit oriented development (TOD) mode not only delineates the catchment area of the local retail supply of the suburban new town, but also connects those suburban residents with limited car access to the inner city retail agglomerations. The survey result indicates that the residential suburbanization hasn't significantly changed the shopping frequencies of the respondents, but is associated with reduced propensity of patronizing inner city retail agglomerations. However, the willingness to shop at inner city for comparative goods such as beauty and health care, and apparel is still high for those who used to live in the inner city. In contrast, there are significant reductions in the likelihoods of shopping at the old suburban town center for those who previously lived in the district. This suggests the rise of suburban new towns might weaken the old town centers of the suburban districts rather than the inner city.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Dec 2022 09:29:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2056158</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Local Specialty Stores on Creation of Tourist Flows</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2047631</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Through this study, it was possible to verify that information dissemination at local products stores creates constant tourist flows. In addition, the authors confirmed that transmitting “information about experience and sightseeing in the area” in the stores is effective in further enhancing creation of tourist flow.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2047631</guid>
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