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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Minimizing travel distance and CO2 emissions when reconfiguring retail store networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534326</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Retail chains continually expand, reconfigure, and contract their store networks to serve their customers and maximize profits. One notable consequence of these actions is changes in the distances between consumers' residences and nearest stores, altering their transportation-related CO2 emissions. Therefore, this study aims to examine the environmental impact of the reconfiguration of the IKEA store network in Sweden during the twenty-first century and compare the actual reconfiguration to one that minimizes consumers' travel distances and, thus, CO2 emissions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2025 15:16:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534326</guid>
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      <title>On deploying eCOmpass : a decision support tool for environmentally friendly retail locations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534286</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Much focus in the joint retailing and transportation domain has been on the transition to e-tailing and the reformation of supply-chain logistics. However, traditional retailing, where consumers visit stores for shopping, dominates and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Retailers continuously expand, contract, and reconfigure their store network for strategic reasons. This paper reports on a project aiming to facilitate the incorporation of environmental consequences into the retailer's reconfiguration decision process. It describes the design and deployment process of eCOmpass, an online decision support tool that enables retailers to estimate the change in transportation-related CO2 emissions caused by a reconfiguration of their store network. This description encompasses the judgmental choices of data acquisition, optimization technology, and user interface.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2025 15:16:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534286</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Developing a shopping destination choice model for people living in Metropolitan Melbourne</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2259747</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One key factor to assist effective infrastructure and urban planning is to better understand the travel demands and the impact from various attributes on travellers’ decisions for destination. This study develops a destination choice model for shopping trips in Melbourne. The model predicts travellers’ choices for their shopping destinations from different areas in Melbourne based on demographic and trip related characteristics of individuals recorded in the Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA) between 2012 and 2016. One of the main challenges overcome in this research is the choice set formation. ASGS Statistical Area 1 (SA1) has been adopted as zones for categorising origins and destination locations. For each observed trip from the Victoria travel survey, nine alternative destinations within 10km travel distance from the origin are randomly generated to form the choice set together with the observed destination. The final model is calibrated and to have up to 67% accuracy in the validation process and obtain a goodness of fit of 0.65, demonstrating promising performance. The final model indicates that three main attributes, travel distance, the number of shops and supermarkets in the destination precinct has the most significant impact on the choice of shopping destination in Melbourne. In addition, trip-specific attributes such as the number of stops made during a trip, the intended dwelling time at the destination and whether the travel is made during peak time (10am – 3pm) have varying levels of impact to destination choice on top of the three main attributes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Oct 2023 11:29:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2259747</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Modeling Teleshopping and Telecommuting Preferences in the Post-Pandemic Era</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2224973</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study aims to investigate how telecommuting and teleshopping preferences will evolve in the post pandemic era. Particularly, this study explores the preference towards online grocery shopping, online food orders, and work from home. The data comes from a web-based survey conducted in the Central Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada from November to January 2021. To understand the underlying factors influencing telecommuting and teleshopping behavior this study adopts a joint multivariate ordered probit (MVOP) modeling framework. One of the key features of this study is to observe the impact of pre-pandemic (i.e., before March 2020), early stages of pandemic (i.e., during March 2020), and during pandemic (i.e., December 2021) travel-related frequency and experiences on the post-pandemic frequency of online grocery shopping, online food order, and work from home. Moreover, this study tests the effect of sociodemographic, mobility tool ownership, and built environment attributes. The findings of this study aim to shed light on the post-pandemic daily decisions and develop intervention strategies to continue meeting the sustainable goals of the communities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Aug 2023 09:18:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2224973</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Telework, and Adoption of ICT and Vaccine Arrival: What are the Long-Term Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mobility Behaviour?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2209762</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research aims to assess the impacts of technologies and vaccine arrival on people’s future mobility behaviour, including attitudes towards work from home, online shopping, online food delivery and using ride sharing. This paper takes Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh as study area where e-shopping and work from home has gained significant popularity during COVID-19. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and data was collected on people’s socio-demographic characteristics, current day-to-day travel decisions, and preferences towards teleworking, online shopping, using ride sharing apps after vaccine becomes available. Several ordered logit models are prepared to analyze the shift in people’s attitude towards continuing work from home, online food delivery, ride sharing and e-shopping and predict the impacts of technologies and vaccine arrival on people’s future mobility behavior. The findings generated from this research will offer insights to transport planners and decision makers to identify the changing mobility trend and reconfigure policies for the post-COVID world.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Jul 2023 17:21:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2209762</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Walking and transport in Melbourne suburbs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1681140</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report looks at how people travel around Melbourne, with a particular focus on the role of walking and access to suburban shopping centres. It includes analysis of Melbourne household travel data captured through the Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA). No publicly available, detailed analysis of this data set has previously been carried out to understand the role of walking in the transport system. Like all household travel surveys, VISTA underreports short trips including walking, but it is one of the best sources of data on walking currently available. In addition to a literature review of published reports, Victoria Walks also sourced a range of unpublished data to gain the strongest possible understanding of access to suburban shopping centres.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2020 09:33:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1681140</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Parking Fees and Retail Prices</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1569910</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Nov 2018 16:58:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1569910</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>To Pay or Not to Pay for Parking at Shopping Malls: A Rationale from the Perspective of Two-sided Markets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1569909</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Nov 2018 16:58:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1569909</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Policies to Control Spillover Parking</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1537266</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Parking space near shops, restaurants, and other destinations is often scarce or expensive in dense urban areas. Urban shopping malls may provide little or no parking space, or charge high hourly rates. Shoppers end up searching for cheaper parking on the street, or walking to and from residential neighborhoods. Spillover parking can also be a problem near train and metro stations, sports stadiums, concert halls, public parks, and other places that attract lots of people.  Cities and towns often tackle spillover parking by enacting residential parking permit programs that ban nonresidents from parking in residential areas. Permit systems can be effective at eliminating parking problems for residents. However, like other non-price rationing tools, permit systems are generally inefficient because they allow residents to park free or for a nominal fee, and thus do not assure that parking space is allocated to those who value it the most highly.2 Residential parking permits are also hard to enforce (Rye and Llewellyn, 2016). Yet, despite these weaknesses, local politicians prefer residential parking permits to priced-based policies because residents benefit from permits, and can express their preferences at the voting booth.  Another common policy to curb spillover parking is to impose minimum parking requirements, differentiated according to type of land use. Yet minimum parking requirements have well-studied drawbacks. Parking space is often underutilized outside regular business hours, and more generally at times of low demand. Expanding parking capacity is also unsightly, and it encourages people to travel by car (Guo, 2013ab). As Shoup (2013) argues at length, spillover parking can be addressed by better parking pricing. Priced-based policies enhance efficiency because they are demand (and thus value) driven. Their goal is not necessarily to eliminate spillover parking, but rather to maximize the combined welfare of residents, nonresidents and businesses.  In this paper, we analyze three policies to deal with spillover parking generated by a shopping mall located in a residential area: (1) a curbside parking fee, (2) regulation of the mall parking lot fee, and (3) regulation of mall parking lot capacity. If the regulated lot capacity exceeds the mall’s profit-maximizing capacity, the third policy amounts to a minimum parking requirement, but since demand is static in the model this does not result in underutilization of capacity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Aug 2018 13:42:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1537266</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hållbara inköpsresor: stads- och handelsutveckling i samverkan</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1463133</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This thesis is focused on the objective: How can the city's transport system and land use be coordinated and stakeholder collaboration be developed, to make the proportion of environmentally sustainable shopping trips increase? Trading and transportation in the town has been developed so that consumer's traffic dependence has increased and the elderly, children and people without cars have got poorer accessibility to basic services. The consequences in terms of increased car use is negative for environmentally sustainable development. The premise of this thesis is three questions; 1 - What knowledge is there in Sweden and internationally on travel and shopping habits? 2 - What is the individual's behavior and what determines the choice of travel mode when doing purchasing trips? 3 - How does corporations and national, regional and local public agencies coordinate their decision-making? The aim of the thesis is to analyze and discuss how trade and the transportation system can be coordinated and developed to contribute to attractive and environmentally sustainable trade structures. Given this aim it was an important focus of the thesis to study and analyze how the forms of collaboration between stakeholders can be developed. A review and analysis is made of the theoretical and practical aspects of individuals' behavior and how collaboration in decision-making can be developed and enhanced. The driving forces behind the emergence of today's trading structures are analyzed as well as their ability to influence society's conditions for increased durability. The state of knowledge is reported when it comes to travel- and purchasing-habits in Sweden and internationally, as well as the observed and projected impacts on traffic and the development of sustainability. Case studies from semi-central business establishments in Nacka, Falun and Umeå with 578 interviews of consumers and nine interviews with stakeholders handling trade in the case study locations, is reported. Results from a Web Panel with 1 839 web interviews with the same issues as in the case studies, but across the country, is described. The final chapters discusses the three questions and the objective and in the final discussion is the most important points highlighted regarding the development of trade in a sustainable and attractive city. A methodology for creating a sustainable trade policy in a municipality as well as a detailed account of the current state description, case studies and web-based survey is reported in the appendices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Mar 2017 12:15:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1463133</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A users’ perspective of paid parking at a local retail precinct</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1457865</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Local retail centres are important economic areas but are overlooked in the parking pricing literature. This study looks at the impact of parking pricing from the users’ perspective in a local retail centre in Melbourne Australia (Yarraville Village - 107 shops and a film theatre). The paper is part of a larger study of the parking pricing initiative which is reported in Au and Young (2016a, b). The paper presents the results of a random sampling survey of households from the suburbs around Yarraville Village. The results show impacts on the travel and shopping patterns of the patrons of the retail centre at least in the short term. Key findings include changes in visiting preference, changes in access mode (a considerable decrease in car usage trips), and a shift to shorter duration stays. Grocery and discretionary expenditures both decreased. A multinomial logistic regression model was estimated to explore demographic factors behind these behavioural changes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2017 10:01:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1457865</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The impact of shopping centre attributes on the destination preferences of trip makers in Brisbane</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1396519</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Shopping centres in Australia are playing an increasingly substantial role in providing customers with their daily and weekly requirements. This importance has increased as the advantages of purchasing retail goods in shopping centres has become more apparent to a population whose access opportunities are determined increasingly by private car use. The way in which many of these retail-oriented destinations have been located in Brisbane is explained by beneficial trade areas as well as customer preferences. A number of studies have identified that distance in addition to other destination attributes including type of retail outlet (a regional shopping centre from a local centre), retail employment and retail floor area of the centre are major factors which affect shoppers’ preferences over destination choice.  This study uses discrete choice modelling to investigate the importance of destination-specific, trip-specific and individual-specific characteristics of 1,676 retail trips to 194 different shopping centre destinations reported in the Brisbane Statistical Division. Two logit choice models have been developed that use 10 variables to investigate retail destination choice for various trip types including ‘grocery and food’, ‘clothes’, ‘household goods’ and ‘personal goods’.  The result provides a better understanding of the factors which influence Brisbane shoppers’ destination choices. The results can help inform planners and decision makers to design a more sustainable retail environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Jan 2016 14:49:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1396519</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Why we need more end of trip facilities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1326867</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper and the accompanying presentation has been prepared to present the subject of why more End of Trip Facilities (EOTF) are required. An end of trip facility is a fancy term for a place to lock bikes, store items in lockers and have a shower and are generally used by people who cycle or run to work. They are usually located at the workplace and generally speaking, are retrofitted into the basement car park. The topic of this paper is related to several considerations, including the need for more EOTFs, which is driven by demand, and also the need for safe and good design practice to encourage use, and thereby drives demand (hopefully). The paper explores the growth in demand in Australia, what drives this growth and how we compare to other global cities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2014 09:40:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1326867</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Destination choice decisions of retail travellers: results from discrete choice modelling in Brisbane</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1299798</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The flexible nature of retail trips in comparison to other major trip types makes it challenging to understand how decision makers&rsquo; preferences, destination attributes and accessibility affect destination choice. This paper applies discrete choice modelling, using multinominal logit-based models, to explore how the attributes of individual travellers and destinations choice alternatives influence travellers&rsquo; choice of shopping destination. The model uses the 2009 SEQ Household Travel Survey dataset from the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads. Shopping centre locations and characteristics for greater Brisbane were geocoded and assigned using secondary data. The model&rsquo;s results are based on the level of utility associated with each choice for different types of shopping trip including groceries, clothes, eating or drinking, alcoholic drinks and household goods. Seven explanatory variables have been included in the model: car distance, number of retail jobs at site, site area and the existence of food court and socio-demographic characteristics of travellers, namely age, gender and income. The results show significant relationships between site attributes and socio-demographic characteristics for most of these trip types. The model results are the first step towards calculating the probability that particular types of customers will choose particular shopping destinations for their retail trips. This knowledge will help transport and land use planners to better target interventions, including possible retail planning strategies, to encourage more sustainable travel behaviour in South-East Queensland &ndash; a rapidly expanding conurbation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Feb 2014 10:12:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1299798</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pedestrian choice behavior at shopping mall intersections in China and the United States</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1278209</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Nov 2013 09:28:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1278209</guid>
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