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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>SHIP MANEUVERING RESPONSE-SIMULATION STUDIES AT CAORF</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/394595</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper consists of two sections. The first section discusses factors governing ship maneuverability, such as hull configuration, dynamic stability, and propeller-rudder-hull interactions. The second section reviews some important results derived from recent investigations at CAORF. These experiments were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of navigational aids (buoys) and their configuration, various forms of onboard electronic aids, and the provision of wheelhouse maneuvering information. In addition, the environmental effects of current and wind, ship's inherent maneuvering characteristics, and the use of tugs were also examined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/394595</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>IDENTIFICATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS FROM STANDARD TRIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480714</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the first state of development of a method for identifying hydrodynamic coefficients from standard trials data. A PC-based simulation program using Noorbin's manoeuvring model, is linked with a multi-variable minimization program, which minimizes the error between simulated and actual data by varying the coefficients.  Results given by the program are verified by running simulated manoeuvres on the PC, and comparing the results with the actual trials data.  The minimization algorithm, and its application to the model are discussed.  A set of results is given, and compared with the corresponding trials data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480714</guid>
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      <title>ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF SHIP MANOEUVRING SIMULATION IN RESTRICTED WATERS BY MEANS OF CAPTIVE MODEL TEST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/457003</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Possibilities for improving the mathematical model of a ship manoeuvring simulator, based on results of captive motion tests with ship models are discussed.  Most topics concern simulation of manoeuvres in rather extreme conditions, such as very shallow water, harbour manoeuvres, and effects duet to lateral restrictions of the navigational area.  For validation of mathematical models, a technique based on captive model tests is also proposed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/457003</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A SIMULATION STUDY ON THE EVALUATION OF THE SHIP CONTROL DIFFICULTY IN RESTRICTED WATERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/444567</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To evaluate the navigation environment, the authors propose and index yield to the difficulties of ship control in restricted waters using a ship handling simulator.  When a ship is passing in restricted water, three elements individually affect the control of the vessel, ie: ship manoeuvrability, geographical condition and current effect; and information effected by visibility or brightness.   The effects of these elements were studied using a simulator, including the influence of ship type, length and wind effect, width, depth and bending of the waterway and visibility and brightness.  The method was verified using some trial calculations.  The results where then compared with the subjective difficulties of ship control acquired from a mariners questionnaire study.  As a result of the calculation, the method was confirmed for explaining difficulties in specific waters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/444567</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE ROLE OF ARPA PRESENTATION MODES IN TRAFFIC ASSESSMENT AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/394606</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A collision avoidance problem solving study assessed the effects of Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA) modes of presentation. One group of licensed masters and mates was aided with relative motion vectors attached to target echoes in an unstabilized heading up relative motion display. A second group was similarly aided with true motion vectors.  Each test subject assessed nine traffic situations in real time and delivered command decisions to the helm. Traffic situations differed in number, initial range, and velocity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/394606</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>USE OF A SHIP SIMULATOR IN DETERMINING SAFETY MARGINS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/394900</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The facilities of the Maritime Simulation Centre at the College of Maritime Studies, Warsash, England, are described. The advantages of using ship simulation for channel design studies and similar projects are explained.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/394900</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE PROGRESS OF VALIDATION IN SIMULATION RESEARCH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395355</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses ship model validation methods, including a new validation concept based on the replication of real world rudder activity and comparative analysis of resultant simulated ship vs. real world tracklines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395355</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF A BRIDGE-TUNNEL CONFIGURATION ON CHANNEL NAVIGABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395366</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study utilized the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) simulator to investigate the effect of the proposed I-664 bridge-tunnel causeway on the navigability of Newport News Channel. The ability of docking masters to undock successfully a 150,000 DWT dry bulk collier and pilot her through the channel entrance was evaluated. The CAORF model of the channel included several modifications to the existing channel design, as well as the placement of the bridge-tunnel and accompanying structures within the channel. Based on previous CAORF research, four areas were identified as problematic to shiphandling.  Initial data analysis shows that the influence of the bridge-tunnel configuration may cause other areas to be difficult to navigate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395366</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A SIMULATION APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF CLEARANCE AND ENERGY ABSORPTION REQUIREMENTS OF A FIXED MOORING FACILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395367</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to respond to the need for more draft anchorage in the inner harbor, The Norfolk District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), has proposed the construction of three parallel fixed mooring facilities within an existing circular anchorage. The proposed facilities could accommodate up to six deep draft vessels simultaneously. Simulated berthing and unberthing maneuvers, using a model of the proposed facility, were performed by local practicing docking masters on the shiphandling simulator at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) at Kings Point, New York. Two alternative facility designs were evaluated under variable wind velocities, one having a 750 foot separation between berths, and a second with a 1,000 foot separation.  Ship clearance data showed that the 1,000 foot separation was adequate to support safe berthing/unberthing maneuvers, and that the 750 foot design was adequate with some qualifications. Berthing energies were calculated and two mathematical models (lognormal and exponential) were fitted to the data. The one-parameter exponential model was found to provide excellent estimates of the design energy based on extreme value predictions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395367</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OPTIMIZING THE USE OF COMPRESSED TIME SIMULATION AS A SCREENING DEVICE FOR ALTERNATIVE CHANNEL LAYOUTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395370</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a project performed in support of the Panama Canal Widening Study. In this project, fast-time computer simulation was used to select the design for a waterway improvement from among a great many layout alternatives. Even given the speed advantage of fast-time simulation over real-time simulation, there were too many alternatives to permit each one to be tested directly. Therefore, a decision strategy was devised to permit the systematic elimination of most of the alternatives based on the results of testing a small sample directly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395370</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DECAY AND RECOVERY OF WATCHSTANDING SKILLS FOLLOWING A TRAINING PROGRAM UTILIZING FULL-MISSION SIMULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395371</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Bridge Watchstanding Program was developed to enhance the watchstanding knowledge, skills and bridge procedures of senior merchant marine deck officer candidates. It combines simulated shiphandling exercises with classroom instruction and instructional feedback. This study was an effort to examine the loss of skills across a nine-month period following training, and the degree to which skill loss was mitigated through the exposure to refresher training.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395371</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEW DIRECTIONS FOR CAORF RESEARCH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395394</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author indicates that CAORF research will place increased emphasis on validation and full scale maneuvering trials. More of CAORF's applied research effort will be spent on the solution of those problems that contribute to greater efficiency of the overall marine transportation system. There are four basic areas in which CAORF will continue to emphasize its research efforts: navigation and vessel control; port and waterway design/operation; vessel maneuvering characteristics; and standards for simulation training.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395394</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE PROPOSED PLAN FOR WIDENING OF THE PANAMA CANAL AND APPLICATION OF SIMULATOR TECHNIQUES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE PROPOSED SOLUTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396672</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Panama Canal Commission (PCC) entered into an interagency agreement with the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) to utilize the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) to assist the PCC in determining the engineering modifications to the Gaillard Cut necessary to permit safe two-way traffic of Panamax-size vessels in the Canal. The project plan required the evaluation of numerous channel layouts under various operational conditions. Fast-time simulation using a mathematical model of the human pilot was used to select a few candidate solutions from many alternatives. Real-time simulation was then used to test and validate the best solutions with the human-in-the-loop.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/396672</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CALAND BRIDGE WINDSCREEN: A SIMULATOR STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF A WINDSCREEN ON SHIP MANEOUVRING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396677</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effect of a windscreen on ship maneuvering were investigated at the SUSAN Simulator of the Hamburg Polytechnic School of Maritime Studies.  Results of the study are reported in this paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/396677</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SIMULATION OF LOCK ENTRY MANOEUVRES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396681</link>
      <description><![CDATA[At the request of the Dutch government, several simulation studies were carried out by the Dutch institutes to investigate the accident risk of big bulk carriers when entering the West Lock at Terneuzen. The most important part of this investigation was the comprehensive simulation research in which lock entry maneuvers were performed on the full mission bridge simulator at the Institute for Perception (TNO). This paper reports on the design and results of this research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/396681</guid>
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