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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Combined Ship Allocation, Routing and Freight Assignment in Tramp Shipping</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1097628</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the authors consider the ship routing problem of tramp shipping (SRPTP) and propose a combined mathematical model that simultaneously takes into account the ship allocation, freight assignment and ship routing problems of SRPTP. To solve this problem, the authors investigate the practical operational issues of SRPTP and develop a genetic algorithm. The empirical studies demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solution scheme for solving real-world problems that are beyond the reach of a widely used commercial optimization package. The technical, computational, practical and calibration issues involved in this unique tramp shipping problem are discussed in detail in this paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Apr 2011 07:36:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1097628</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Containership Routing with Time Deadlines and Simultaneous Deliveries and Pick-Ups</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/880389</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the authors seek to determine optimal routes for a containership fleet performing pick-ups and deliveries between a hub and several spoke ports. A capacitated vehicle routing problem with pick-ups, deliveries and time deadlines is formulated and solved using a hybrid genetic algorithm for establishing routes for a dedicated containership fleet. Results on the performance of the algorithm and the feasibility of the approach show that a relatively small fleet of containerships could provide efficient services within deadlines. Moreover, through sensitivity analysis, the authors discuss performance robustness and consistency of the developed algorithm under a variety of problem settings and parameters values.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2009 07:48:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/880389</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Minimal time route computation for ships with pre-specified voyage fuel consumption</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/879283</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2009 07:51:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/879283</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ADAPTIVE SHIP ROUTING THROUGH STOCHASTIC OCEAN CURRENTS: GENERAL FORMULATIONS AND EMPIRICAL RESULTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/539987</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Advances in satellite altimetry offer the potential for providing timely ocean current information which could be used when optimizing strategic ship routes. However, the time to collect and process the raw data and deliver the processed information to the end user makes the information an inaccurate description of the actual current patterns that would be encountered by a ship in areas of dynamic current activity. The authors develop an optimization approach that explicitly addresses the uncertainty that results from these time lags, and they formulate the routing problem as an adaptive, probabilistic dynamic program. The formulation incorporates three information elements: (1) aged synoptic ocean current information; (2) localized information encountered by the ship; and (3) state transition probabilities of current changes derived from historical data. The solution provides a set of optimal policies that minimizes a ship's expected fuel consumption.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/539987</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A NEW METHOD OF SHIP WEATHER ROUTING USING NEURAL NETWORK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480005</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a new approach to the strategic weather routeing problem using a neural network which is known as a powerful tool for pattern recognition.  The 5-day mean 500Pa heights over the North Pacific Ocean for the first 5 days and the latter 5 days during a voyage were input to a neural network.  The teacher signals were prepared by simulating the navigation of a container ship on various routes from San Francisco to Tokyo using the analyzed wave data and calculating the passage times of these routes.  Learning of a neural network was performed for 105 voyages in 5 winter seasons.  To verify the generalization ability, a new set of 5-day mean 500Pa heights in different winter seasons were input to a trained neural network.  As a results, a trained neural network could provide the optimum or sub-optimum routes for most of the voyages.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480005</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WEATHER ROUTEING USING ON-BOARD GUIDANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479772</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The background to the development of weather routeing on board a vessel is described, together with the method of operation which uses Inmarsat to transmit forecasts up to 10 days ahead to the vessel.  The master is then able to simulate the vessels voyage, using the computer to optimise the route.  Significant economic and safety benefits are achieved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479772</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEW DATABASE DETAILS UK SHIPPING ROUTES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479879</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new computer database detailing some 3,500 shipping routes around the United Kingdom has been launched.  The Computer Assisted Traffic database (COAST) enables information to be retrieved for any location in UK waters and is the first of its type in the world.  It gives details of all routes within a chosen radius of that point.  Details of numbers of vessels and their distribution by ship size, type, age and flag are also given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479879</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE MARITIME TRAFFIC ROUTEING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/467376</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The historical development and the existing legal basis of the ship routeing system are outlined in this paper.  Amendments to rule 8/V of the IMO SOLAS Convention dealing with the traffic separation scheme have recently been adopted.  The influence of these changes to the basic principles when proposing routeing measures are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/467376</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>OPTIMAL LINER FLEET ROUTEING STRATEGIES.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/631216</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Oct 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/631216</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MARINE TERMINAL AND HARBOR SAFETY. (LATEST CITATIONS FROM OCEANIC ABSTRACTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/461541</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The bibliography contains citations concerning safety aspects for the design and operation of ports, harbors, and marine terminals. The citations examine ship handling and routing, marine accidents, dredging operations, port installations, safety regulations and systems, hazardous cargo handling, and navigational aids.  References to vessel traffic services, the marine safety information systems, harbor accident reports, hurricane havens, and international laws are included. (Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 09 Jun 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/461541</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF ONBOARD WEATHER ROUTEING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455341</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Development of a computerised weather routeing system currently fitted to several deep sea vessels is described.  This takes advantage of recent rapid developments in microcomputers, and transmission of satellite meteorological and oceanographical data, facilitating the economical viability of Computerised Weather Routeing (CWR) system.  The CWR system contains a number of sub-systems: a ship performance algorithm, an environmental data and interpolation routine and a route optimising algorithm, governed by an optimising controller, that breaks the route down into discrete segments.  The ship performance for each of these segments is evaluated.  The size and number evaluated has a direct impact on the accuracy and speed of computation.  These factors need to be balanced to give acceptable results with reasonable response times. This paper concentrates on the algorithms that calculate the performance of the ship in any given environmental condition.  A recent example of the application and benefit of weather routeing is included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455341</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE USEFULNESS OF SAR IMAGES IN OPERATIONAL SEA ICE MAPPING, FORECASTING AND SHIP ROUTING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455702</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455702</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AUTOMATED WEATHER ROUTEING SYSTEM USING INMARSAT DATA COMMUNICATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455354</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455354</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BENEFICIAL VOYAGE CHARACTERISTICS FOR ROUTING THROUGH DYNAMIC CURRENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/453112</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Anticipating that near real-time estimates of ocean currents could feasibly be used to determine ship routes that would result in reduced fuel consumption, 360 voyages were simulated in the North Atlantic Gulf Stream region to investigate voyage characteristics leading to particularly high or low fuel savings.  In the simulations, currents are the primary factor in determining the ship's course.  Minimum fuel routes were determined for the currents, and the relative fuel savings of these routes were computed and compared to great circle routes. Ships that modified course slightly to take advantage of the positive effects of the currents had much larger savings than those that avoided the negative effects of contrary currents or went substantially out of the way to catch favorable flows. Determining where and how to cross the core flow was found to be more beneficial than trying to take advantage of the favorable or avoiding the unfavorable effects of rings that are shed from the core.  The magnitude of the fuel savings, which often exceeded 10% in the study area, depended on the specific realizations of the dynamic current patterns when the voyages were conducted.  Therefore, general rules balancing current-induced fuel consumption effects with weather- and wave-induced effects are probably not feasible, and explicit mathematical-based route analyses might be required to reap the benefits of ocean current routing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/453112</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE TOTALISED FUEL SAVING CRITERION FOR THE NAVIGATING SHIP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/440710</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The fuel saving criterion for a navigating ship is formulated based on the propulsive motion under the weather conditions. Vital ship operation variables such as displacement, speed, course deviation, rudder angle and data of physical characteristics are considered.  It is shown that the total criterion can be hierarchically decomposed to two performance indices by applying optimum control theory and the non-dimensionalisation technique for ship manoeuvrability parameters.  With this hierarchical decomposition the ship speed distribution under the weather conditions can be evaluated with the value performance index for the optimum steering control.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/440710</guid>
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