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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>SMALL SHIP PRODUCIBILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479934</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The focus of the research discussed in the paper has been producibility improvement in small shipyards.  Producibility is taken to mean ease and economy of manufacture - the balancing of technical considerations with those affecting a product's manufacture. Drawing from the well-developed ideas of group technology shipbuilding as they are currently applied in the world's most productive large shipyards, product-oriented work breakdown structures (PWBS) for two small steel ships to be built in small shipyards have been developed.  These work breakdown structures provide the basis for the small ship generic PWBS presented.  As part of this work a 3D surface computer model and a hypertext document were created in order to illustrate certain group technology shipbuilding principles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479934</guid>
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      <title>DOUBLE HULL TANKER RESEARCH: FURTHER STUDIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480859</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A research and development program devoted to the Advanced Double Hull (ADH) concept (a uni-directional, longitudinal framing system) has recently been completed in the U.S.  This paper describes a design study of several ADH structural variants of a 40,000 dwt product tanker.  Producibility concerns focused on modular construction of the hull structure and evaluating automated welding techniques.  For high block coefficient product tankers, parallel blocks of cells were designed to take advantage of automated welding processes by making separate modules for the inner-bottom and side shells.  In addition, several automated and semi-automated welding techniques were evaluated as to their effectiveness for the long straight runs of the double hull cells. Among the welding methods evaluated are: electrogas, electroslag, PAWS, non-vacuum electron beam, and high energy laser.  ADH variants of an existing 40,000 dwt product tanker design were designed and compared with the existing conventional double hull structural design.  Design considerations included trade-off studies for ease of inspection of cells and cargo tank cleaning versus structural weight.  Steel construction cost estimates were made based on material costs, weld lengths, and labour fabrication hours.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480859</guid>
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      <title>PRODUCIBILITY OF DOUBLE HULL TANKERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455502</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Alternative structural system concepts have been developed for 40K and 95KDWT double hull tankers, with the objective of studying their producibility in existing US shipyards, including labour hours and construction schedules.  Structural components and elements considered included alternative material, shell plating, bulkheads, stiffeners and other structural elements for both conventional and unidirectional double hull tankers, together with shipbuilding processes such as automation and accuracy control, and standardization including design.  It is concluded that increased automation, accuracy control and standardization are the areas where the greatest gains may be possible to make US shipyards more productive and more competitive on a world scale.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455502</guid>
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      <title>EVALUATING THE PRODUCIBILITY OF SHIP DESIGN ALTERNATIVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455720</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the results of a project which has developed two methods for evaluating the producibility of ship designs and/or ship design alternatives, one of which provides quantitative results in man-hours or dollars.  The other method provides relative results based on weighing factors developed for specific ship projects and the design phase during which the alternatives are being considered.  The second, relative, method also can be used for evaluating all of the other parameters which must be considered in making a decision to proceed with any design change, including total cost, performance, schedule, and risk.  The two methods are described in some detail and examples of application of each of these two methods to specific design alternatives are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455720</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>REDUCING THE CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT CYCLE FOR NAVAL AUXILIARY SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455893</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A producibility study was undertaken for the US Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA).  The producibility project team was initially tasked to identify and evaluate possible design improvements with regard to their potential impact upon the cost of construction for the Baseline Oa rough-order-of-magnitude geared-diesel option.  This particular design variant is a 30-knot twin-screw, 289 m (948 ft) ro/ro vessel with four 18 PC4.2V medium-speed diesels producing 85 619 kW (114 817 hp) of installed power.  The construction cost estimate developed by NAVSEA for the variant is $385 million per ship.  In addition to the NAVSEA-assigned task, the team reviewed the producibility aspects of the Navy auxiliary ship procurement process with regard to finding methods that would facilitate major reductions in the construction contract cycle, as time is now recognized as a major cost driver in ship procurement.  The construction contact cycle is defined as the amount of time from construction contract award to delivery, and was estimated by NAVSEA to be 42 months for the subject ship.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455893</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MANUFACTURING LEAD TIME - A FACTOR TO CONSIDER DURING PLANNING AND ACQUISITION OF NAVY SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439464</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Philadelphia's NAVSEA Shipbuilding Support Office provides current Manufacturing Lead Time information to Navy planners, designers and acquisition managers responsible for the timely procurement of the latest design Navy ships.  Lead time information is critical to effective budgeting and on-time delivery of basic material, hull, mechanical and electrical components and combat systems.  This paper addresses the methodology for solicitation, statistical consolidation and final assessment of information provided by over 1300 domestic primary and secondary manufacturers.  Early detection of lead time change provides a basis for remedial action whereby critical paths may be selected, schedules altered, or substitutions provided.  The paper further addresses the status of the U.S. industrial base capacity to provide these materials, components and systems and compares the current industrial base with its status five and ten years ago.  Loss of domestic capacity has resulted in sole or single-source procurement and in some cases sole dependence upon a foreign source for critical subcomponents.  The ability of U.S. manufacturers to respond to peacetime programs and potential surge or mobilisation requirements is also examined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439464</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SEAWOLF PRODUCIBILITY II: TRANSITION FROM DESIGN TO PRODUCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/440159</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The lead ship of the US SEAWOLF Class began construction in late 1989.  The opportunity now exists to validate a number of the elements of the design for production.  Electric Boat Division, as lead shipbuilder, has the opportunity to review a number of the specific initiatives, such as Digital Data Transfer, Sectional Construction Drawings, Planning and Sequence Documents, Computer integration of information processing and the combination of SEAWOLF products that support improved work control.  The method of approach is to describe the SEAWOLF producibility element developed during detail design and then assess the benefit to the shipbuilding process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/440159</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFRASTRUCTURE STUDY IN SHIPBUILDING: A SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF U.S. COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING PRACTICES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441236</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper documents the results of the first phase of the Infrastructure Study in Shipbuilding (ISIS).  The purpose of the first phase was to accurately document the current processes used to build commercial ships in the United States.  These results have provided an increased understanding of the commercial shipbuilding process and have also provided a strategic planning tool capable of determining the length of time required to market, design, build, and deliver a typical merchant ship in the United States.  The methodology used to document the shipbuilding process was IDEF.  The resulting product was and IDEF function model composed of 272 interrelated activities.  A subset of 70 of these functions was analysed with critical path methodology to produce a Gantt chart representing an atypical merchant ship acquisition program.  Data were taken from a recently completed merchant ship program used to establish an overall process duration for these functions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441236</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESIGN FOR PRODUCTION OF MIDDLE SIZE TANKERS-PRODUCT CARRIERS ON THE BASIS OF MODULAR PRINCIPLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441267</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441267</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPLORATION OF PARTIAL SHIPBUILDING METHOD WITH INTEGRATED HULL BUILDING AND OUTFITTING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/442885</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/442885</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE FAST FERRY 92 (FR92) - AN ANSWER FOR THE 90'S MARKET</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/443115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The fast ferry market over the last few years is analysed in order to predict the demand for fast ferries in the 90's.  The FR-92 design, developed by E.N. Bazan is presented, and the production process for building this type of ship is described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/443115</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A SURVEY OF VLCC'S DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD AND THE ENVISAGEMENT OF THE VLCC DEVELOPED IN CHINA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/443522</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/443522</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESIGN FOR PRODUCTION, PRODUCTION METHODS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/444449</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a general and concise overview of the state of the art of ship design as it relates to ship production, focusing on those areas where major changes from traditional approaches are taking place.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/444449</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ACCURACY CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR SUCCESSFUL SHIPBUILDERS AND SHIP REPAIRERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/445145</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Accuracy control is a system that regulates the accuracy of a product as it is being assembled.  The system is based on measuring manufacturing processes and statistically analysing the results.  The results can then be used to predict the final accuracy of a product, as well as identify the work processes that contribute most to the amount of variation in achieving that final accuracy.  By adopting this system, the shipbuilder or ship repairer minimised the amount of rework required, particularly at the final erection stage. Accuracy control is also a very useful management tool, as it measures the productivity of the work processes used.  Accuracy control, is not a new concept, Japanese shipbuilders have been reporting significant advances in the quality of hull construction as a result of statistical control of production since the late 1960's.  There are two aims of this paper.  The first is to describe the basic principles of accuracy control.  The second aim is to analysis in detail three advanced measurement systems that can be used to measure assembly dimensions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/445145</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRODUCIBILITY AS A DESIGN FACTOR IN NAVAL SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/391037</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper provides examples of producibility concepts which should be addressed during the ship design process.  An evaluation procedure is presented to assist in the gathering and the organizing of information required for an objective tradeoff analysis.  The ship synthesis model "ASSET" is utilized as the principal design tool to determine ship impact and the cost of producibility concepts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/391037</guid>
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